# refAbstractsWide

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1912) and brief details of wave climate affecting site. There is an analysis of sea bed level changes in the


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foreshore area, 1847 -1985, taken form successive editions of admiralty Hydrographic Chart for the site. Concludes with


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recommendations for repair and partial reconstruction.


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The report documents the future research required to enable the establishment and maintenance of a healthy naturally


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accreted beach. This includes proposals for collection of the following data; coastline development (archive


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material), beach volumes, beach materials, sediment transport, wave climate, tidal currents and storm surges.


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Beach nourishment details 1979-1990 on Arun District Council frontage.


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Descriptive account of a sequence of borehole logs along the line of a proposed trunker sewer running from Peel Common to


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Offshore Browndown. Details of sediment stratigraphy are given for the zone immediately offshore Browndown, as well


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as through the foreland (?) structure itself.


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Summary of proposed study of the mobility and net transport pathways of nearshore and offshore sediments between 10m and


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A commercially available radar was used to image waves and photos of the screen were taken. It was concluded that the


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radar only imaged long surface waves of 50-120m. Results were collected for Bognor and Hurst Spit and it was


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demonstrated that phenomena useful to oceanography could be imaged and usefully interpreted.


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Brief Engineering details of the Port-Solent reclamation


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A study of transport and dispersion of drift card tracers and drogne buoys in the English Channel, Straits of Dover,


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Poole Bay and the Solent. Remotely sensed images were also employed to assess sea surface circulation patterns. Drift


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cards indicated residual eastward flow at 9-10 cm sec in the Eastern English Channel and the residual eastward flow at


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7-12 cm sec in the Solent. A possible southward flow was identified off Hengistbury Head which could possibly


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transport objects into the eastward throughflow.


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Presentation of P.S.D. analysis of 53 samples between Highcliffes to Barton East Beach, together with a map of


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Summary of geology, geomorphology, history of recent recession and protection measures adopted by local


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Geology, morphology and hydrogeology of cliffs at Highcliffe, with reference to conditions promoting


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instability and the impact on property. Development in immediately previous 2 years are noted, with some remarks on


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possible stabilisation measures. (Report to Beach Committee Meeting, 5/12/60)


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A desk study that examines proposal to replace timber by rocks groynes and "top-up" beach nourishment completed in


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1984/1985. Recommendations are made for groyne layout, and the proposed profile of the re-nourished beach is examined


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Chronological archive of all Landsat, SPOT and Seasat imagery of UK, including south coast of England, with original data


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in form of digital tapes and "hard copy" photographs. Mostly at scales of 1;100 000 to 1:1 000 000 but including


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numerous scale enhancements sub-scenes produced for various research investigations. Data is principally in


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multi-spectral format with various bands in visible and near-infrared. Spatial resolutions between 100m and 20m.


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Memoirs for sheets nos. 330 and 331 (Old Series), Including details of "Drift" sediments and Eocene stratigraphy exposed


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at coastal sections at time of survey. There is a brief survey of Quaternary relative land-/sea- level changes as


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deduced by both sediments and coastal geomorphology.


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A survey of the quality of the coastal environment. using as criteria various forms of development of both natural and


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Presentation of P.S.D. analysis of 41 samples, including a map of their location, between Alum Chine to west of the


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Subsurface geology of the Lower Cretaceous Wealden Group was identified from high resolution seismic sections,


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echo-sounder, side scan records and geological sampling techniques. The character of the seismic signature was


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chaotic with few clearly defined reflections within the group. The aim was to correlate a documented deep fault to


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the West of the Isle of Wight to other recognised faults on the island. Data indicated no surface or near-surface


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expression of the fault in the area surveyed.


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Wooton Hard is a shingle bank near the mouth of Wootton Creek, Fishbourne, Isle of Wight. Opposite the Hard is a


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ferry terminal used by Sealink car ferries operating between Portsmouth and Fishbourne. The Hard is owned by a sailing


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school, and its operations have been adversely affected by movement and erosion of the shingle. This report considers


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available information about changes in the shape of the Hard, and assesses the relative contributions to the erosion


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made by wind waves, boat waves and tidal currents.


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A comprehensive review of the physical culture and biological characteristics of the landscape of the southern


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and south-west Wight, including the coastline and offshore zone.


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Relative sea levels recorded by tide gauges during the past century in northern Europe are dominated by isostatic


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readjustment of the land following the latest deglaciation of Scandinavia and Scotland. Maximum relative uplift of the


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land is centred near the northern Gulf of Bothnia (at a rate of 6-7 mm/yr.), with a smaller secondary maximum over


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Scotland (also at a rate of 6-7 mm/yr.). Although there probably is a relaxing peripheral bulge surrounding the


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regions of maximum uplift, such a former bulge is poorly defined by coastal tide gauges: in the North Sea evidence


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for sinking of a former peripheral bulge of glacial origin is complicated by post-Carboniferous basin deepening with


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sediment loading and possible rejuvenation associated with glaciation. Other data (gravity, radiocarbon,


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geomorphology) support the interpretation that glacial isostasy controls the structure of relative sea-level change.


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Included in this pattern of relative rise of land is a eustatic signal that biases the estimates of glacial


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rebound. Such a eustatic signal could not be isolated from the isostatic signal using the present data, but glacial


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isostasy clearly is a major control for relative sea levels of the region. Absence of significant higher frequency


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(2-50yr) cycles in mean annual sea levels of northern Europe reflects the complex hydrologic/oceanographic forces to


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which sea levels must respond. Whereas other coastal regions show significant higher frequency peaks in the


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energy spectra of relative sea-levels, the many marginal seas in northern Europe preclude a clear relation between


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hydrologic/oceanographic forcing and relative sea levels, although this relation must exist on a more local scale.


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A study involving field measurements and a numerical model has been made to determine the impact of a proposed


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reclamation and channel dredging upon the flow regime of the River Test at Southampton. The study concludes that


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construction of the reclamation alone will increase velocities in the main channel and bring about a small


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reduction in siltation. To the east of the reclamation a slow eddy will form during the ebb which will increase


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deposition in that area by about 10%. If the navigation channel is widened, immediately opposite the reclamation,


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channel velocities will be reduced and siltation will be redistributed. In the area of channel widening siltation


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will occur at an estimated rate of 20,000 cubic metres per year. In the immediate vicinity of the reclamation


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siltation will be unaffected by channel widening.


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Aggregate removal from the sea by large scale dredging operations is generally looked upon with doubt by councils


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and residents along the coastline bordering the site. Since 1950, a large amount of aggregate has been removed from the


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Solent Banks in the Solent and Spit Sand at the entrance to Portsmouth Harbour. The Coastline along these stretches of


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water are susceptible to erosion due to the nature of the cliffs, and the high currents in the Solent: it is feared


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that the dredging has and will in the future increase the erosion. Consequently pressure by local councils is being


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put on the operators in the area. An investigation into all the aspects of dredging and coastal erosion is needed to


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establish the major factors effecting erosion along the shores of the Solent and the mouth of Portsmouth Harbour.


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Report on the compilation and structure of this database, and including brief summaries of the literature available


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(to May 1989) under a series of topical headings. Accompanied by Appendix giving organisations etc,


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Data on dredged spoil licensed disposal sites in the offshore region of England and Wales, for 1988 and 1989, as


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regulated by the Food and Environment Act, 1985. Sites in SCOPAC area include two Shoreham-on-sea; Littlehampton;


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south of the Isle of Wight; Nab Tower, Hurst Fort; Needles Bank; Poole Bay, Swanage Bay and South of 'Isle of


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Portland'. Details of individual licences may be inspected at address below. (This publication will henceforth appear


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biannually.) Print-out of 1989 data (and map) held on database.


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The area offshore the Isle of Wight and between Anvil Point and Beachy Head has been surveyed by seismic and sonar


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techniques, revealing the thickness, geometry and physical characteristics of surface and sub-surface sediments; other


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ancillary data is also used to clarify sediments according to their relative proportions of gravel, sand, silt and


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clay. The distribution and quality of aggregate resources are described, summarised on accompanying maps. (An extended


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summary is held by the Department of Geography, Portsmouth Polytechnic).


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Factual account of geotechnical data obtained from three borehole logs an topographical survey, including an


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Field-based and laboratory tests on sample from 14 boreholes sunk at site of proposed quay age extension. These include


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standard penetration test results, natural moisture content, natural wet density, index properties,


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particle-size distribution and strength tests.


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Two collections of oblique black and white air photos, approx. scale 1:5000. (i) 14.9.1972 Ref No. A. 188/001-115.


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Details of the construction and deployment of nine mathematical and one physical model representing the


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individual effect on tides, waves and sand transport resulting from the construction of an exemplar island in


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Poole Bay. The tidal models were validated against field data collected by OSCR and wave climate calculated using a


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16 year wind record from Portland. Assumptions on seabed sand transport were calibrated by comparison with known


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conditions in the swash channel. Conclusions are that the effects of the exemplar island will be limited in both


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extent and magnitude on both the navigation channel in to Poole Harbour and the beaches of Poole Bay.


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A list of the locations and dates of beaches profiles at 12 survey sections, between various dates starting (in one


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case) in 1974. An attached map records the sections. Profile data is recorded as section diagrams at 1:100.


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Review of general conditions of frontage, assessment of present condition of sea wall and proposals for repair.


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Cost/benefit calculations are provided, taking into account partial private ownership.


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A description survey of the major areas of saltmarsh vegetation growth in Holes Bay, providing details of


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Geotechnical data on estuarine sediments and underlying geological substrate; relationship between tidal levels and


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Report incomplete-draft, with hand-written annotations. Detailed description and evaluation of existing defences,


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with plans and sections at 1:500 for southern and western coasts of Thorney Island. A history of sea defences is given


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as an appendix. Plan Nos.: S 837/83 - S 841/83; S 277/83 to S 282/83 and S 291/83 (1:2500) showing section lines.


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Tabulated and map data obtained by MAFF and other vessels in British waters for the previous calendar year


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(for each Volume). Relevant entries include swell state; wave height ; current speeds. Most regionally relevant data


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relate to east and west Solent and approaches.


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1:1250 scale survey charts, without any accompanying written description.


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No text - shallow borehole log and sediment sample analysis test data.


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Logs of 4 boreholes on intertidal foreshore at Littlehampton Harbour month together with key and location map. Boreholes


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on East beach show thin layer of sand with gravel sand and cobbles below extending to 7m. Chalk bedrock is reached at


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approx. 10-12m and the intervening sediment was mixed sand, clay and gravel. West beach profiles show a 10m thick


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gravel and cobble deposit becoming more silty towards the base.


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Sediments sampled from 6 sites around the perimeter of Langstone Harbour were analysed for organic matter content,


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calcium carbonate content, specific gravity and particle size (very basic analysis). Results are discussed in terms


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of experimental techniques but not with regard to the sedimentology of the harbour.


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Tabulated data on quantities of spoil dumped at a number of locations offshore the coastline of England and Wales for


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1986 and 1987. Included are 7 licensed sites in the SCOPAC area


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General and selective account of location recording high rates of coastal change, particularly erosion losses, in


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historical times. Brief mention of Selsey; Cliff falls on 'Isle' of Portland, and Axmouth undercliff. (Much of this


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chapter relates to East Sussex and Kent)


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Narrative of major documented, changes affecting the configuration of Shoreham's harbour, particularly with


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To be updated, as part of continuing programme of beach monitoring


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Hard copy file obtained by Havant Borough Council: A) Hourly records: (i) March 1985 - September 1985; (ii) April 1986


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- December 1986; (iii) January 1987 - April 1987; (iv) September 1987 - April 1988. (B) Daily records: July 1985


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to April 1986. (C) Summary Data: January 1970 - December 1984.


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Collection of surveyed hydrographic charts at a variety of scales with accompanying text giving descriptions of tidal


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regime and principal navigation hazards at all major mooring points.


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Account of Existing seawall condition and proposal for remedial measures. Appendices: Photographs; Plans;


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Review of geological conditions promoting coastal slope instability, and suggested remedial measures.


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A geotechnical review of slope stability at and in the vicinity of Luccombe Village - an area of historical and


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recent coastal landslipping. Carried out privately on behalf of a group of local residents.


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Geological and geotechnical conditions promoting instability; recent history of shippage; effects on drainage disruption


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Description of existing condition of sea wall ad apron, with brief background on earlier construction. Recommended


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Review of existing defences and their conditions.


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Preliminary study has been undertaken to investigate the hydrodynamic effects of building the proposed Ensign Marina


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in Southampton Water just upstream of the river Hamble. Using a two-dimensional depth-integrated flow model the


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effects on tidal propagation and current velocities of five different marina designs were ascertained. These results


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were then used to examine sedimentation changes and the effects on navigation and manoeuvring at berths.


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An account of the salient characteristics of the offshore, nearshore, beach and cliffed coastlines under the control of


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the New Forest District Council, With details of Historical and recent coastal protection works.


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Review of causes and remedies of contemporary erosion (including potential losses) along the frontage of the


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Borough of Lymington. There is particular stress on the danger of a breach on the "root" of Hurst Castle Spit.


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A review of cliff and beach characteristics, recent history of coastline recession and protection works, supplemented by


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results of borehole investigations of cliff stratigraphy. Recommendations are made concerning design and objectives of


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protective works to stabilise several critical locations along this coastal frontage.


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Pack of 20 35mm slides of oblique aerial views of the coastline and coastal margins of Hurst Castle Spit,


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Christchurch and Poole Bays and Poole Harbour. Accompanied by descriptive notes, designed for teaching of geography.


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Pack of 20 35mm slides of oblique aerial views of the coastal margins and entrance to Southampton Water, with


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accompanying descriptive notes. Designed for the teaching of geography.


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A preliminary evaluation of the CASI (Compact Airborne Imaging Spectrometer) applied to the Marine environment.


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The resolution of the system to delineate submarine topography and suspensates is briefly indicted, with some


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Beach Surveys are carried out quarterly and following major storms. Beach profiles at 1:250. Held as drawings and on


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disc. Hydrographic surveys are repeated annually.


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Details of proposed cliff grading and sea-wall construction along central shoreline frontage. Drawings, at 1/8":1"


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represent pre-existing cliff and foreshore cross-profiles for 10 stations.


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Report of erosion along unprotected east-facing frontage of Sandbanks Peninsula, and danger of breaching, together with


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protective measures introduced in 1890-1891.


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Survey of detailed configuration of shallow bar offshore Alum Chine, and discussion of possible relationship to


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adjacent beaches. Normally, the bar tends to form inside the breaker zone, with the complementary trough seawards of the


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Brochure describing, in outline, a project to use waste products from coal-fired power stations to construct an


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artificial reef. One option is the enhancement of Marine biology and commercial fisheries. Imperimental installation


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of blocks took place in June 1989, and initial colonisation is described.


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Incorporates brief reviews of saltmarsh vegetation in section on "Holes Bay Studies"; and 'saltmarshes' and


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hydrology and reclamation' in section on 'Other studies in Poole Harbour'.


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Several Collections of Air photographs, at scales of between 1:10 000 and 1:15 000, given full or partial coverage of


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An inventory of land uses and habitats, recorded on 1/4 of a squared kilometre grid maps. Covers all forms of mineral


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extraction; channel maintenance and navigation; and land reclamation.


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Considers field work and analytical techniques that can be applied to beach environments at GCSE and 'A'-level, using


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Manuscript notes and tables of gird sampling designs and species lists/composition


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An environmental impact evaluation of the possible impacts of oil exploration and production on Furzey Island.


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Includes a map of salt marsh communities and brief description of their characteristics.


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A sequence of sheets summarising field data on ecological characteristics of areas of Purbeck and Poole Harbour within


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the boundaries of the Wytch Farm oilfield. Includes habitat maps, habitat descriptions and species lists for saltmarsh


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communities around the margins of the Fitzworth and Goathorn peninsulas.


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Black-and-white photographs with detailed descriptions of salient features; dates; locations and orientations.


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Minutes of meetings and correspondence in connection with both groups; the aim in both cases was to identify research


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needs, encourage exchange of information and promote inter-disciplinary work. The Poole Harbour and Basin


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Research Group was administered from the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology.


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Staff manuscript field notes and photographs. Included is a file (1960?) on seawall embankment and other attempts at


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A broadly based environmental impact assessment of the proposed expansion of the Wytch farm Oilfield on the Natural


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and Cultural landscapes of Poole Harbour and adjacent heathland margins of the "Isle" of Purbeck. Includes a


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chapter on the physical environment that makes reference to the principal features of the coastline, and some later


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consideration of the vulnerability of plant and animal ecology to exploration drilling and possible expansion of


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Study area is approximately 25kms south of Anvil Point, Dorset.


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Details of a design for a rock mound to protect the sea wall at Gun Cliff; includes the findings of a flume study by


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30 black and white photos, mostly undated, with brief annotation on reverse.


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Overlapping vertical air photos of numerous coastal locations: details of coverage and scale(s) obtainable on


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request. Sequential, but irregular, cover for certain locations.


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Factual data on six Borehole logs and laboratory tests of samples of both surface and subsurface sediments and


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substrate. Test data includes moisture content; wet densities; shear strengths; liquid and plastic limits;


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particle-size distribution; pH values and consolidation tests.


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General coverage at 1:75 000 with 1:12 500 insets for Littlehampton Harbour, Shoreham Harbour and Brighton Marina.


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Practical and descriptive guide to mooring facilities and navigational hazards in inshore coastal waters, with


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particular attention to shoals, banks and harbour mouths.


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Report of index properties and other characteristics of sediments and shallow sub-surface geology for a site in


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north-west Portsmouth Harbour proposed for a mooring "dolphin".


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Factual report of geotechnical priorities of surface and near-surface sediment and underlying geology and


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Description and analysis of fill and underlying drift sediments.


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Descriptive account of geotechnical properties of soils and underlying sediment.


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Annotated description of Borehole logs, and results of consolidation tests on samples.


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Uses a post-glacial marine/estuarine clay exposed on the foreshore of Hardway, Gosport, as an example.


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Raw data only - report in preparation (Feb. 1991)


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1:250 scale topographic surveys, undertaken quarterly and after storm events.


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Continuous log of tidal fluctuations and wind speed, wind direction and atmospheric pressure, using automatic station.


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(1) A survey of the macroinvertebrates from the intertidal area in Stamshaw Lake and to the west of Whale Island was


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undertaken in autumn 1988. (2) Six sites were sampled. Four within the proposed development are in Stamshaw Lake and


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two, as comparative sites, to the west of Whale Island. (3) 39 invertebrate species were identified, 30 within Stamshaw


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Lake. (4) Four main habitat types were shown to exist in Stamshaw Lake, consisting of; lower shore stable mud, upper


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shore soft mud, fine sand and, wet gravel with a small mud component. (5) The richest site within Stamshaw Lake,


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in terms of faunal abundance and number of species, was the upper shore soft mud. (6) The upper shore mud supported the


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greatest biomass within Stamshaw Lake. Tubificoides Benedeni contributing the largest part. (7) The other


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sites, although supporting a lower biomass, contained important bird prey species, such as Neanthes Diversicolor


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and Corophium spp. (8) Two species (Hydrobia ulvae & Abra tenuis) which are widely present in the Solent Harbours,


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generally in great numbers, were absent or at very low abundance's in Stamshaw Lake. This may be the result of


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localised pollution, possible including TBT residues from the Naval Docks. This relationship requires further


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investigations. (9) Stamshaw Lake and its environs are considered important for two reasons: a) the diversity of


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habitats and species within a small area, which may act as a faunal reservoir to associated, impoverished areas, in


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Portsmouth Harbour. b) the relative richness of certain prey species,. which provide a potentially important food source


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Details of Coastal frontage, Egypt point to Bembridge Harbour.


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Geotechnically-based evaluation of slope stability based on shallow borehole-derived substrate samples, description of


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properties, ground water conditions and recommended measures.


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N.B. only Vol: II - Cliff Photographic Record, inspected.


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1) A survey of the macroinvertebrates at 11 sites in Tipner Lake was undertaken in June/July 1989. Assessments were made


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of the species composition, abundance and biomass. (2) 67 species were identified, 53 from the intertidal zone (3) 5


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habitat types were identified; sublittoral muddy gravel, low shore mud, lower shore muddy gravel, algal covered mudflat


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including Zostera nana (Slender Eel Grass) marsh and upper shore gravel. The most common intertidal habitat in the


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Solent Harbours, mid/upper shore bare mudflat was not sampled although a small are exists in the southern part of


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Tipner lake. (4) The richest site in terms of numbers of species was the sublittoral site, '6' with 24 species,


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followed by the low shore muddy gravel site '7' with 22. The least number of species was found at site 1 '11'. 5) The


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site with the most individuals (97176 m-2) was from the upper shore.'2' The site with the least number (14364 m-2)


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was from the sublittoral site '6'. 6) The mud snail Hydrobia ulvae and the oligochaete worm Tubificoides


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benedeni were the most frequently occurring species. Of these H.ulvae was dominant in the mid to upper shore areas.


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At low shore sites the polychaete worm Tharyx marioni was the dominant species. 7) The dominance of H.ulvae was


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encouraged by the presence of extensive algal cover. Some stress effects of this algal cover were shown by the


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presence of the small polychaete worm Capitella Capitata, a well recognised indicator of pollution and disturbance. 8)


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The Diversity index values at the sites in Tipner Lake were within the range found in other areas of the Solent


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Harbours. The diversity in the algal covered areas was found to be slightly lower than in similar habitats due to a


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seasonal high in the abundance of H.ulvae. The high diversity in the sublittoral and lower shore muddy gravel


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sites was largely due to the presence of a significant gravel component. Zostera marsh sites appeared to be newly


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established as they did not support the diversity of similar habitats in Chichester Harbour. 9) Biomass values in the


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mid to upper shore algal covered areas were comparable with those found in similar habitats in the Solent Harbours. The


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majority of the biomass in these instances was contributed by the mud snail H.ulvae. 10) The low shore bare mud and


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muddy gravel sites also had biomass due to the common cockle Cerastoderma edule. This species also formed a large part


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of the biomass at several other bare mud and algal covered sites. 11) The biomass and range of species in Tipner Lake


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is substantial at present and represents a potentially important food resource for both birds and fish in


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Portsmouth Harbour. Much of the area is weed covered and unfavourable as a feeding site for many bird species,


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however, the development of Zostera marsh areas may led to the increased utilisation of this area by birds. many


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species include Zostera marsh within their favoured feeding habitats. 12) A list of predictions are given on page 36


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concerning the possible changes which may occur if the development proceeds as planned.


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Account of scheme layout associated with a proposed development of a small boat harbour enclosed by a concrete


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groyne, and associated onshore facilities. Calculations of effect on beach levels are considered in relation to fetch


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and wind/wave data. Penetrometer tests of substrate conditions are given as a sequence of graphic borehole logs.


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An investigation into the size variation and sorting of particles (mostly of pebble grade) along the coast between


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Barton East Beach and the distal point of Hurst Castle Spit. The contribution of longshore sediment transport is


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evaluated. The second part of this report is a more general account of the impact of coastal protection strategies on


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sediment transport, and current attempts to restore imbalances.


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Overlapping black and white photos, 1:2500.


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A brief account of the geological structure and rock types outcropping within a 20km radius of Chichester. There's is a


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concluding summary of the Quaternary history of the region, including the coastal margin.


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Register of quantities of dredged spoil dumped at licensed disposal sites in the offshore zone in England and Wales.


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(data transferred, under law, by Fisheries and Marine Environmental Protection Division, Ministry of Agriculture


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Fisheries and Food). Data records annual quantified since 1985. There are 10 sites in the SCOPAC region.


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A general evaluation of coastal conditions and opportunities for the construction of a small harbour, with appropriate


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defences at four sites, viz: Steephill Cove/Castle Cove; Pier to Collins Point; Wheeler's Bay; Bonchurch.


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Site by site description of all evidence of recent weathering and instability; structural damage and distortion


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of protective structures. Chiefly colour photographs with accompanying annotation.


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No Text; Borehole log sections and annotations


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Sheet numbers: 87; 86 (Winchester); 94 (Isle of Wight); 93 (Poole); 92 (Weymouth)


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Descriptive data on stratigraphy of a total of 99 borehole logs across Portsea Island, including sites along Eastern


refAbstractLine:
Road, Salterns, Eastney Peninsula, Fort Cumberland and Tipner.


refAbstractLine:
Pack of 20 35 mm slides of oblique aerial views of the coastline of West Sussex, accompanied by descriptive notes.


refAbstractLine:
Detailed account of historical development of the settlement of Pagham, based on documentary sources. includes


refAbstractLine:
details on coastal storms , harbour flooding and reclamation and spit development. There is some reference to coastline


refAbstractLine:
Vol. 1 is an account of pumping tests, vol. 2 provides details of stratigraphy of borehole logs at the 9 sites used in the


refAbstractLine:
Figure 2 illustrations changes in sea-bed levels in immediate vicinity of survey site, 1951 - 1979 (including


refAbstractLine:
Report of stratigraphy of trial hole sections along proposed route, crossing part of North-east Portsmouth Harbour, and P


refAbstractLine:
S D curves for test samples of surface and near-surface sediments.


refAbstractLine:
Factual report on the drainage system of the North Harbour polder (at the time of the report), giving data on pumping


refAbstractLine:
wells and tests; ground water table and the effects of heavy rainfall. Data includes sediment stratigraphy observed


refAbstractLine:
at deep well sites and ground water table configuration in 5 cm. intervals.


refAbstractLine:
Incomplete log of daily wind direction and wind speed records. Data entered manually, (Not transferred from the


refAbstractLine:
Geotechnical details of five shallow borehole logs.


refAbstractLine:
Brief stratigraphical description of 10 shallow boreholes, adjacent to Haslar Creek.


refAbstractLine:
Geotechnical description of borehole sediment sequence.


refAbstractLine:
A sequence of geological sections based on shallow boreholes.


refAbstractLine:
Factual report on tests of strength and stability of substrate at mouth of marina site.


refAbstractLine:
Brief report of physical properties of substrate beneath wall around Fort Blockhouse, together with evaluation of


refAbstractLine:
Geotechnical investigation of seabed and shallow sub-surface sediments along route of proposed sewage outfall pipe.


refAbstractLine:
Geotechnical report of site conditions in advance of seawall piling, including details of shallow borehole stratigraphy;


refAbstractLine:
and physical properties of surface sediments.


refAbstractLine:
Factual report of geotechnical properties (Chiefly consolidation test data and borehole logs) at site (eastern


refAbstractLine:
Document O/T 16/7 Box 15, M R C, H C C (See below). contains details of extant conditions of foreshore and sea wall and


refAbstractLine:
background details of recent coastline reclamation.


refAbstractLine:
Non-statutory local authority land-use management proposal and strategy


refAbstractLine:
Based on two sample areas, viz (i) behind East Head, S.E. Chichester Harbour; (ii) adjacent to SW Coastline of


refAbstractLine:
In an analysis of video observations of gravel transport in the West Solent, UK, collective and individual


refAbstractLine:
characteristics of 485 'bursts' of bedload have been examined and the transport velocity and distance of 1680


refAbstractLine:
individual particles in a consecutive secession of 'burst events' determined. Infrequent, long duration, high stress


refAbstractLine:
events account for 60% of total transport in only 24% of the total time with the mean free path and transport velocity


refAbstractLine:
for particles being 0.16 m and 0.22 m/s, respectively. Clear links between intense intermittent turbulence and


refAbstractLine:
bedload transport revealed in this study, suggest progress in modelling requires a clearer understanding of near bed


refAbstractLine:
An interpretation of the evolution of the coastal landforms in the area between Bat's Head and Warbarrow Bay,


refAbstractLine:
emphasising the contribution of fluvial dissection prior to sea-level rise and partial submergence.


refAbstractLine:
A list of documentary and anecdotal sources available for the reconstruction of coastal change, principally shoreline


refAbstractLine:
recession and salt pan reclamation. Basically an inventory, with some analytical comment of doubtful validity. No


refAbstractLine:
A brief appraisal of the present status of the coast at the mouth of the Beaulieu River. It brings together results of


refAbstractLine:
completed and current research, providing a background to its geomorphological development and assessing the possible


refAbstractLine:
impacts of the closure of the swatchway. A schedule for monitoring future coastal change is proposed.


refAbstractLine:
A factual survey of the incidence and types of damage, when it occurred and cost. the aim is to foster collaborative


refAbstractLine:
research and provide data. Coverage extends to coastline of England and Wales, with data returned from reach authority.


refAbstractLine:
Damage sustained and records field are listed.


refAbstractLine:
A survey and summary of the principal morphological and dynamic attributes of the coastal environment marginal to


refAbstractLine:
Comparison of changes in beach crest height along a 15.5 km length of Chesil Beach over a 21 year period indicate a


refAbstractLine:
variable, but almost universal lowering. On average, this was 0.5 m, with a maximum fall of almost 2.4 m. opposite


refAbstractLine:
the Abbotsbury Swannery. The implications are discussed taking into account recent storm and surge events.


refAbstractLine:
The beaches of Lyme Bay consist largely of flint and chert shingle, with some sand, derived from eroding cliffs and sea


refAbstractLine:
floor sources. They include Chesil Beach, which shows lateral grading from small pebbles in the west to large


refAbstractLine:
pebbles in the east. Several other beaches on the north coast of Lyme Bay also show lateral grading, low beaches of


refAbstractLine:
poorly sorted sand and shingle to the west becoming higher and often wider, coarser and better sorted to the east.


refAbstractLine:
Lateral grading is attributed to an alternation of easterly wave action. Whereas Chesil Beach is a relict shingle


refAbstractLine:
formation, the other beaches are still receiving small quantities of sand and shingle. Cliff erosion and slumping


refAbstractLine:
are more rapid behind low beach sectors than where a high, wide accumulation of coarse shingle protects the shore. It


refAbstractLine:
is suggested that artificial beach nourishment should be used as a method of coastal protection on the shores of Lyme Bay.


refAbstractLine:
As a consequence of a long history of tidal flooding at Chiswell, Portland, Dorset, and in particular, as a result


refAbstractLine:
of major flooding which occurred in December 1978 and February 1979, investigations were undertaken to establish


refAbstractLine:
whether or not a technically sound, economically viable scheme could be sponsored to alleviate the flooding


refAbstractLine:
situation. The Paper recognises the international importance of Chesil Beach as a unique shingle structure of


refAbstractLine:
high geomorphological interest, and explains the detailed investigations that were undertaken to ensure that the


refAbstractLine:
scientific interest in the Beach was not prejudiced by any scheme works. There was a clear need to understand the


refAbstractLine:
various coastal processes, and data were collected by means of topographical, marine and geological surveys. An analysis


refAbstractLine:
of the various investigations presented in a Feasibility Report demonstrated that a viable scheme could be promoted.


refAbstractLine:
The Paper describes how the design was developed, by means of special investigations to assess the hydraulic


refAbstractLine:
performance of the Beach, in order to ensure that an effective interceptor drain could be provided. Trial shafts


refAbstractLine:
were constructed through the Beach so that representative samples could be obtained to allow assessment of porosity


refAbstractLine:
and permeability. A physical model is also described which was used to establish the mechanism of flow through the


refAbstractLine:
Beach. By means of both physical and mathematical models, unique formulae were derived to give design flows into a


refAbstractLine:
proposed culvert. In this way, the size and location of the culvert were optimised.


refAbstractLine:
The history of inundation by the sea of the eastern end of Chesil Beach at Portland, together with consequential


refAbstractLine:
flooding of the lower end of Chiswell and the Weymouth Road, the only road link between Portland and the mainland


refAbstractLine:
is discussed. Particular reference is made to the events in December 1978 and February 1979, which prompted the


refAbstractLine:
promotion of a Sea Defence Scheme to alleviate flooding. The investigations which led to the determination of


refAbstractLine:
solutions are described in the second joint Paper. The design and construction of the Sea Defence Scheme in three


refAbstractLine:
stages, following a preliminary contract for the construction of a trial length of gabion protection along


refAbstractLine:
the crest of the Beach, are described: stage 1 - improvements to the existing sea wall at the southern end of


refAbstractLine:
the Beach; stage 2 - the construction of an intercepting culvert and cut-off behind the properties in Chiswell,


refAbstractLine:
leading to an open channel that discharged into Portland Harbour, the System being designed to intercept sea water,


refAbstractLine:
both from percolation and over-topping events; stage 3 - the raising of the Weymouth Road to alleviate flooding and to


refAbstractLine:
maintain access to Portland during extreme events. The benefits of this scheme are reviewed and the ways in which


refAbstractLine:
the sponsoring authorities' commitments to support the community of Chiswell, under General Improvements Area


refAbstractLine:
This thesis discusses the development and application of an analytical photogrammetric technique which enables accurate


refAbstractLine:
spatial data of known quality to be derived from archival photographs. Geomorphological processes can be assessed


refAbstractLine:
quantitatively and directly by comparing spatial data derived from photographs at different epochs. The technique


refAbstractLine:
is applied successfully to a forty year sequence of archival photographs, obtained from a variety of sources, of the


refAbstractLine:
Black Ven Landslide, Dorset. Spatial data was derived from five photographic epochs at approximately 10 year intervals


refAbstractLine:
using an analytical plotter. Existing techniques were extended and new processing methods devised for the


refAbstractLine:
processing of spatial data for geomorphological purposes. Several techniques were especially valuable including;


refAbstractLine:
morpho-genetic maps; DJM's of difference, evolutionary models animated sequences and distributions of slope angle.


refAbstractLine:
The latter has shown that the evolutionary model of dynamic equilibrium is valid for the Black Ven landslides.


refAbstractLine:
112 small scale Thematic Charts covering the coastal and offshore zones, to the limit of the continental shelf.


refAbstractLine:
These include (to date), four charts on conservation areas; 6 on Exploitation of the Marine Environment; 21 on Physical


refAbstractLine:
Oceanography and 8 on Marine Geology and Geomorphology. Format is a series of 'geo-referenced digitised colour


refAbstractLine:
charts and maps, capable of overlay and 200m enhancement, accompanied by a "queryable" set of symbolised datasets.


refAbstractLine:
Software requires an IBM PC ( or Compatible) with 640K, RAM, an EGA or VGA display, and hard disk with a minimum of 7


refAbstractLine:
Megabytes of free space (Atlas software). Subject to continuous extension and revision.


refAbstractLine:
Vertical air photo cover of most of the SCOPAC coastline between Lyme Regis and Hurst Castle Spit; Compton Bay to


refAbstractLine:
Isle of Wight. Scales, dates etc are available on request form the Librarian.


refAbstractLine:
Summary of the attitudes of local planning authorities in the SCOPAC region towards development in areas considered to


refAbstractLine:
be at risk from coastal flooding or erosion. Includes a matrix of responses from authorities, detailing areas at


refAbstractLine:
risk and present and projected policies designed to control development.


refAbstractLine:
The development and the characteristics of a transponder simulating a gravel sized particle are described. The


refAbstractLine:
transponder if matched in frequency to a side-looking sonar, is recognisable on the sea bed to a distance of at least 400


refAbstractLine:
m and has a variable pulse length and dead time. Future development allowing the traction of free rolling


refAbstractLine:
transponders relative to fixed ones are discussed.


refAbstractLine:
The CORINE " Coastal Erosion Project" is part of the broader CORINE programme (Co-ordinated Information on the


refAbstractLine:
Environment) which focuses on environmental questions in the states of the European Community. The purpose of the


refAbstractLine:
project, which started in March 1987 under the sponsorship of the commission of the European Community (C.E.C.), is to


refAbstractLine:
establish an inventory of coastal erosion problems and identify high-risk coastal areas in the eleven European


refAbstractLine:
countries addressed by the project ranging from Denmark to Greece. A computerised data base is being set up and


refAbstractLine:
implemented as a coastal geographic information system; it provides basic information on the European coastline


refAbstractLine:
(shoreline position, mapping and evolution, geomorphology and sedimentary characteristic of the littoral zone). The UK


refAbstractLine:
sector of this database is held at Bournemouth Polytechnic and has been used in the compilation of the SCOPAC Sediment


refAbstractLine:
Vol. 1: Methods, synthesis and conclusion. Vol. 2: Brighton to Portsmouth. Vol. 3: The Solent and Isle of Wight. Vol. 4:


refAbstractLine:
Hurst Castle Spit to Swanage. Vol. 5: Swanage to Lyme Regis


refAbstractLine:
A detailed report on the history of coastal protection around the periphery of Partsea Island, including an


refAbstractLine:
account of the construction and condition of sea defences in 21 sectors. It is intended as a basis for their updating,


refAbstractLine:
with rising sea-level as an important contextual factor, over the next 50-60 years. Details of beach composition


refAbstractLine:
tidal regime and sediment transport are provided, reviewing and summarising previous investigations/publications


refAbstractLine:
An evaluation of the utility of sequential aerial photography for the examination of the geomorphological


refAbstractLine:
environment and associated processes as a basis for the construction of geomorphological maps. These are designed


refAbstractLine:
to show the migration and degradation of the rotated units within the landslide complex and assess the contribution of


refAbstractLine:
A field measurement programme undertaken in Poole Harbour in January and March 1990 is described. The programme


refAbstractLine:
comprised: i) Vertical profile measurements of current speed and direction, salinity, temperature and suspended solids


refAbstractLine:
concentration at eight fixed station locations over full 12.5 hour spring tidal cycles. ii) Measurement of water


refAbstractLine:
levels at two sites in Poole Harbour during the course of the fixed station vertical profile measurements. iii) An


refAbstractLine:
assessment of wind and wave conditions during the course of the fixed station vertical profile measurements. iv)


refAbstractLine:
Evaluation on the bed sediment types in the study area.


refAbstractLine:
Contains 85 papers, some of which are separately abstracted on this database.


refAbstractLine:
This report describes laboratory tests to determine the consolidation and erosional properties of mud from Poole


refAbstractLine:
Middle Channel, Poole Harbour, Dorset. The tests comprised mineralogy, bulk density measurement capacity, self-weight


refAbstractLine:
consolidation tests, uni-directional current erosion tests and wave erosion tests. Each consolidation test involved


refAbstractLine:
continuous deposition of a suspension of constant concentration for a period of several hours. Bed thickness,


refAbstractLine:
density profile and pore pressures were recorded at regular intervals. Analysis of the results gave relationships


refAbstractLine:
between effective stress and dry density and between permeability and dry density. Detailed density measurements


refAbstractLine:
were made near the surface of the bed during both the deposition phase and subsequent consolidation. The


refAbstractLine:
uni-directional current erosion tests were conducted in the HR Carousel circular flume. Each test comprised a number of


refAbstractLine:
discrete runs during which the speed of rotation of the roof(and hence bed shear stress) was held constant until


refAbstractLine:
erosion had stopped, following which the roof speed was increased to a new value for the next run. Analysis of the


refAbstractLine:
results gave relationships foe the shear strength of the mud with density and the rate of erosion with applied shear


refAbstractLine:
stress. The wave erosion tests were run in a 23m wave flume, with random waves. Each tests involved a number of


refAbstractLine:
discrete steps, in which the bed was subjected to a random waves for an hour, after which the significant wave height


refAbstractLine:
was changed ( so that the bed shear stress was increased) for the next hour. Bed density, bed thickness and turbidity


refAbstractLine:
measurements were made at regular intervals. Analysis of the results gave a critical threshold for erosion at the


refAbstractLine:
tested density and a rate of erosion with applied shear stress.


refAbstractLine:
Poole Harbour commissioners are interested in reducing Chapman's Peak shoal to - 6.5 m, C.D. to allow vessel


refAbstractLine:
navigation. This study incorporates a simulating of tidal currents before and after proposed dredging, and an


refAbstractLine:
assessment of the rate at which the dredged shoal would accrete sediment.


refAbstractLine:
Digitised record of daily weather statistics from stations in the Portsmouth region; complete record of wind speed data


refAbstractLine:
for some recording locations close to the coastline.


refAbstractLine:
Modern sheets of sand and gravel in equilibrium with peak tidal current strength cover about one half the rock floor


refAbstractLine:
of the English Channel. Modern faunas are continuing to supply bioclastic material, so that sedimentology sheets


refAbstractLine:
will thicken over time. Modern deposits are under-lain in part, by Holocene deposits resting uncomfortably on an


refAbstractLine:
eroded rock floor of limited relief development. The remaining one half is loosely armoured by pebbles and


refAbstractLine:
cobbles. The rock floor is uneven in parts, and string currents are intensifying erosion.


refAbstractLine:
A review of the mechanism responsible for the development of apposition spits across tidal inlets, with particular


refAbstractLine:
emphasis on the process of counter-drift (longshore sediment transport in opposing directions). Examples are from the


refAbstractLine:
coast of the south-west peninsula, but reference is made to the mouth of Poole Harbour and in inference to other


refAbstractLine:
A critical review of the arguments of Kelloway, et al (1975), which regrets their suggestions of a glaciation of


refAbstractLine:
the English Channel and its margins (in the vicinity of the Solent, West Sussex and the Isle of Wight).


refAbstractLine:
An evaluation of panchromatic and infra-red aerial photography for the definition of vegetation types and tidal


refAbstractLine:
Account of changes of coastal changes east and west of Newtown Harbour since mid - nineteenth century based on


refAbstractLine:
Ordnance Survey Maps, and description of morphology and sedimentology of east and west spits. The latter is based


refAbstractLine:
on site visits. The most significant changes may be ascribed to sea-level rise, and future threats to National


refAbstractLine:
Trust Land are real and possibly imminent. Some Protection strategies are discussed.


refAbstractLine:
Survey of the present condition of shoreline protection structures, emphasising (i) the relationships between the


refAbstractLine:
condition of seawalls and adjacent beaches and (iv) groyne performance. Recommendations incorporate on outline of


refAbstractLine:
future phases of beach replenishment, including research in ways of prolonging the 'life' of replenished beaches.


refAbstractLine:
Survey Covers entire frontage of the district authority.


refAbstractLine:
Detailed review of the history and present condition of protection structures affecting the beach around Hengistbury


refAbstractLine:
Head. This includes the Long Groyne, rock , timber an hybrid groynes of various dates of construction an the 150,


refAbstractLine:
000 cubic metres of beach replenishment of September 1988 to January 1989. The beneficial effects of beach accumulation


refAbstractLine:
on adjacent cliffs is noted. Recommendations for future construction, repair and replenishment are outlined.


refAbstractLine:
Recommendations concerning the deterioration and present condition of the Long Groyne, considered to be a vital


refAbstractLine:
element in the integrity of protection measures implemented for the immediately adjacent coastline. Details and


refAbstractLine:
estimated costs of repair are outlined, together with justifications for the proposed work.


refAbstractLine:
Background geology and geomorphology; operative mass movement and sub-aerial processes; nature impact and degrees


refAbstractLine:
of success of stabilisation and protection schemes. Several specific locations remain in need of attention and the


refAbstractLine:
problems that need to be overcome are itemised.


refAbstractLine:
A description of ITE's programme of research, starting in 1978, summarising data, in three technical reports (not


refAbstractLine:
separately abstracted) on sward establishment; site development and diversification, to include recreational


refAbstractLine:
activities compatible with coast protection requirements.


refAbstractLine:
An evaluation of the possible impacts on the coastal frontage of Christchurch Borough Council of the implementation of


refAbstractLine:
current proposals of Bournemouth Borough Council to introduce protection measures at Hengistbury Head. There is


refAbstractLine:
a brief review of both historical sources, and more recent research into coastal processes, to indicate the nature and


refAbstractLine:
scale of both accretion and erosion from Mudeford spit to Highcliffe.


refAbstractLine:
A brief summary of the geological conditions (including geotechnical properties and hydrology) and the nature of


refAbstractLine:
slope instability in the context of past and recent attempts to increase margins of slope stabilisation through


refAbstractLine:
techniques and the planting of vegetation.


refAbstractLine:
An account of the beach replenishment scheme at East Haying, completed in 1985, preceded by a summary of the


refAbstractLine:
longer-term evidence and possible causes of loss of beach width and volume. Previous protection schemes an research


refAbstractLine:
carried out prior to scheme implementation are acknowledged; attention is also given to changes recorded by routine


refAbstractLine:
monitoring up to January 1988, a period which included four storms, each with return periods exceeding 100 years. There


refAbstractLine:
has been significant loss of volume, and a need to introduce additional groynes, but the beach should fulfil its


refAbstractLine:
protective role for the foreseeable future; however additional 'top up' replenishment may be necessary from time


refAbstractLine:
A graphical presentation of coastal landslide properties, with particular reference to those developed on clay


refAbstractLine:
substrates, based on the National Landslide Data Bank produced in 1984 for the Department of the environment.


refAbstractLine:
Coverage is national, but reference is made to examples in the SCOPAC region.


refAbstractLine:
Brief History of the mobility and erosion of Mudeford Sandbank spit, at the entrance to Christchurch Harbour, and


refAbstractLine:
account of protection works carried out as a result of overtopping and virtual breaching of structure in October


refAbstractLine:
1976. The approach involved the creation of a artificial high water line 25m seaward of existing one, with bulk


refAbstractLine:
removal of sand and shingle form landwards. Void infilled with material from offshore sandbar. Spit also reinforced


refAbstractLine:
with groynes, rocks armouring and dune rehabilitation.


refAbstractLine:
Account of research into causes of flooding, by overtopping, and the design, construction an monitoring of a protection


refAbstractLine:
scheme in the early 1980's. The latter is dominated by a large interceptor drain, whose construction and performance


refAbstractLine:
was adapted to beach sedimentological parameters determined from pile sections.


refAbstractLine:
Background on geology, geomorphology of cliffs, giving details of cliff retreat rates, 1908-1959 and an assessment


refAbstractLine:
of possible approaches to stabilisation (with predicted consequences).


refAbstractLine:
In November 1989, Poole Harbour Commissioners (PHC) contracted Hydraulics Research Limited (HR) to undertake a


refAbstractLine:
field, laboratory and mathematical modelling study to assess the effects of enlarging the Middle Channel on tidal flows


refAbstractLine:
and siltation in Poole Harbour. It is proposed that the channel be widened to 100m and deepened to -6.45m CD, to


refAbstractLine:
allow larger vessels access to the port. This report describes the mathematical modelling work. A new uniform


refAbstractLine:
20m gridded model was set up to cover the north-east region of Pole Harbour, the bathymetry of which was based on a new


refAbstractLine:
survey in 1990. The model was used to simulate tidal flows and was calibrated against observed tidal velocities at


refAbstractLine:
eight positions during two periods of spring tides. The existing regime of sand and mud transport in the harbour was


refAbstractLine:
analysed using field data and the results from the flow model. An analysis of surveys and maintenance dredging


refAbstractLine:
records of the existing 60m wide Middle Channel showed that it shoals mid reach near buoy 52 and on the inside of the


refAbstractLine:
bend near buoy 50. About 18,000 cubic metres of fine silty sand settles in mid reach and about 7,000 cubic metres of


refAbstractLine:
coarser sand settles on the bend each year. The North Channel, the navigation channel before 1986, has a muddy


refAbstractLine:
bed. The model was used to predict the effect of an enlarged Middle Channel (100m width 6.5 m CD deep 1:10 side


refAbstractLine:
slopes) and an enlarged and deepened turning area on tidal flows in the harbour. The model showed that the proposed


refAbstractLine:
enlarged channel was well aligned with the tidal flows. It would convey more water than the existing channel and would


refAbstractLine:
reduce the tidal currents in the western end of the North Channel and in Wych Channel. The results from the flow


refAbstractLine:
model were used to estimate changes in the pattern of sand and mud siltation in the harbour. The rate of sandy


refAbstractLine:
siltation in the mid reach and on the inside of the bend of the enlarged navigation channel is likely to decrease


refAbstractLine:
slightly compared to existing rates after an initial period of adjustment of the side slopes. The results from the


refAbstractLine:
flow model indicated an increased area and rate of mud siltation in the enlarged turning area, especially during SW


refAbstractLine:
storms, which suspend large quantities of mud in the western parts of the harbour. There will continue to be small zones


refAbstractLine:
of mud accumulation in the approaches to the RoRo terminals. The cross-sectional area of the western part of the North


refAbstractLine:
Channel is likely to decrease by about 15% compared to existing conditions. The bed levels will rise at a rate of


refAbstractLine:
the order of 0.1 m/yr. in the centre and at a higher rate of the side slopes of the North Channel, until a new


refAbstractLine:
equilibrium is reached. The channel will tend to narrow and maximum depths could decrease by between 0.5 and 1 metre.


refAbstractLine:
The Wych Channel may shoal slightly but it is unlikely to become muddy. The influence of the effect of the enlarged


refAbstractLine:
channel will not extend to the muddy areas on the inter-tidal flats. It should also have no significant


refAbstractLine:
effect on the distribution of bed surface sediment types in the shallow areas in the middle of the harbour.


refAbstractLine:
Inventory - style account of major characteristics of the Dorset Coast, with specific reference to land and sea uses


refAbstractLine:
identifies Coastal ownership and planning agencies. Includes brief sections on coast erosion, beaches, mineral


refAbstractLine:
Coastal Cliff evolution in hard brittle rock materials has been studied. Investigations have concentrated on the


refAbstractLine:
Jurassic Portland Limestone outcrop of the Isle of Purbeck, Central southern England. Three types of data are


refAbstractLine:
considered, including mapped changes inter nature and location of the cliffline, material strength and the rock


refAbstractLine:
mass discontinuity pattern. Emphasis is thus placed on the synthesis of quantifiable, rock mechanics parameters and


refAbstractLine:
details of change in coastline morphology. results indicate that although cliff retreat shows no regular spatial or


refAbstractLine:
temporal pattern, clear trends can be identified. These would not emerge, however, if the study concentrated solely


refAbstractLine:
on morphological change and ignored material geotechnical characteristics.


refAbstractLine:
pp 109 - 111 provide calculations of fractional weight losses from Portland Stone armour blocks at West Bay, based


refAbstractLine:
on data published in Clark (1988) and losses from abrasion.


refAbstractLine:
A basic explanation of the local geological structure and lithology and the development of multiple rotational slides


refAbstractLine:
between St. Aldhelm's Head (St Albans Head) and Hounstout Cliff. The context is that of geological/geomorphological


refAbstractLine:
perspective on recent closure of access to Chapman's Pool because of perceived threats to public safety.


refAbstractLine:
A graphical analysis of tidal frequency at Bournemouth, 1974 - 1984. Computed vales include peak tides; mean variance;


refAbstractLine:
reoccurrence interval and height probability estimation. (There is no accompanying text). Based on daily readings


refAbstractLine:
An evaluation of the impact of a proposed culvert outfall at Victoria Avenue Swanage in terms of tidal and wave


refAbstractLine:
regime and beach configuration. Mean high water line changes, 1887 - 1973 are analysed, together with some


refAbstractLine:
statistical analysis of beach profiles for the recent past. A definition of an envelope of beach profiles is provided.


refAbstractLine:
Recommendations concerning outfall length and configuration are given in the light of calculations of


refAbstractLine:
siltation/accretion rates, sea bed and beach levels.


refAbstractLine:
Sepia tint and black and white obliques taken by various known and unknown photographers at a variety of vantage


refAbstractLine:
Brief Review of Present status of coastal defences, followed by an evaluation of threat to coastal properties and other


refAbstractLine:
land uses/investments. A recommended scheme for coastal defence is accompanied by a proposed action plan.


refAbstractLine:
Archive of hydrographic charts, completed annually(with occasional breaks) normally at scale of 1:500. Selected


refAbstractLine:
cross-sections of main shipping channels are included, together with tabulated schedules of spoil removed. Ad hoc


refAbstractLine:
surveys of reclamation areas, before and after project completion, are also archived. Data from 1984 onwards hass


refAbstractLine:
been transferred onto computer, allowing inter-annual comparisons (as well as between any two dates) of net


refAbstractLine:
accretion and erosion. The latter is available in colour coded format employing six classes. All data refers to


refAbstractLine:
vertical interval changes; no volumetric analysis of sediment gain or loss is available as yet


refAbstractLine:
A brief summary of the criteria used in the morpho-sedimentological differentiation of coastal segments,


refAbstractLine:
with particular reference to active erosion, in the EC Corine Database.


refAbstractLine:
The Laws governing the formation of beach cusps has defied all attempts of detailed analysis; the many theories


refAbstractLine:
expressed in research literature have not been conclusively proved. This study includes factors which have not hitherto


refAbstractLine:
been considered, and attempts to introduce new evidence have been made that may lead to a greater understanding of beach


refAbstractLine:
cusp dynamics. In summary this study attempts to (i) assimilate cusp formation with field work; (2) Analyse cusp


refAbstractLine:
sediments to determine sorting processes; (iii) Introduce the possibility of cusp migration alongshore as a dynamic


refAbstractLine:
A proposed 63 metre extension to the rock revetment at Chewton Glen, Highcliffe has been evaluated in terms of its


refAbstractLine:
effectiveness in reducing erosion of coastal cliffs, and its impact on adjacent, downdrift , erosion. wave run-up levels


refAbstractLine:
on the structure were calculated, taking into account both wave set-up and natural variability in beach levels. The


refAbstractLine:
likelihood of wave action reaching the cliffs inter lee of the revetment was assessed and compared with the present


refAbstractLine:
situation. It was concluded that the revetment would prevent marine erosion of the leeward cliffs, provided


refAbstractLine:
measures were taken to reduce leaching of fines through the structure. However, evidence suggests that substantial


refAbstractLine:
erosion may occur downdrift of the structure, with the highest rates of recession adjacent to the eastern end of


refAbstractLine:
the revetment. As such the revetment will not achieve its design requirement to minimise long term cliff top recession


refAbstractLine:
over approximately 100 metres of coastline, and it will be less effective that the earlier, stub bastion, scheme


refAbstractLine:
Desk study to examine proposals to replace deteriorated timber groynes by rock groynes, together with a 'top-up' of


refAbstractLine:
a beach nourishment scheme completed in 1984/5. The proposed profile of the nourished beach is examined for its


refAbstractLine:
suitability as a protection against storm conditions.


refAbstractLine:
Account of both physical and bureaucratic problems affecting progress on sea defences along the Bournemouth frontage,


refAbstractLine:
with the focus on (then current) proposals to introduce comprehensive protection for Hengistbury Head. Details of


refAbstractLine:
both completed and proposed works are given.


refAbstractLine:
An account of the rationale behind preferring beach nourishment to alternative approaches to coastline defence,


refAbstractLine:
together with details of the design and implementation of the programme. The immediate cost-effectiveness of


refAbstractLine:
The recently-completed study of the Ventnor Undercliff involved the assessment of ground behaviour of different


refAbstractLine:
parts of the landslide complex, based on detailed mapping. This enabled a formulation of landslide hazard management


refAbstractLine:
strategies of specific relevance to coastal authorities is that hazards such as landslide, erosion and flooding can be


refAbstractLine:
reduced by taking there processes into account in the landuse planning.


refAbstractLine:
Situated off the Southern Coast on England, the Isle of Wight is an area of great interest to the geologist and


refAbstractLine:
geotechnical engineer. Rocks vary in age from Cretaceous to Recent and have been subjected to uplift, folding and


refAbstractLine:
compression. Subaerial and in particular coast erosion has encouraged instability and land slippage in a number of


refAbstractLine:
locations. South Wight Borough is the Local Council responsible for the coastline which comprises 88 km of


refAbstractLine:
cliffs of generally weak and often poorly lithified rocks. As the coastal protection authority, it is responsible for a


refAbstractLine:
major ongoing programme of civil engineering works. An area of particular interest is the undercliff along the south


refAbstractLine:
coast between Blackgang in the west and Bonchurch in the east which includes the town of Ventnor. This area of


refAbstractLine:
instability has recently been studied in detail by the Department of the Environment as part of their planning


refAbstractLine:
research programme developing improved methods of landslide hazard and risk assessment. The Council has been closely


refAbstractLine:
involved with this work and has produced a landslide management strategy for the Ventnor Undercliff. This paper


refAbstractLine:
describes the development and initial implement action of this strategy and some of the questions it has posed for the


refAbstractLine:
Experience on the West Dorset coast suggests that future planning and engineering should consider the lessons of the


refAbstractLine:
past. Proposed and future schemes should be assessed in the light of current knowledge of the natural system. Monitoring


refAbstractLine:
schemes should be funded to monitor behaviour of the system and coastal research should be sponsored to provide the


refAbstractLine:
information that will help future planners to reach the correct solution. The lessons that the coastal experiments


refAbstractLine:
offer to SCOPAC is that the innovation willingness of groups of local authorities to plan their projects in terms of


refAbstractLine:
natural process systems means that the spatial aspects of planning is covered (i.e. one authority does not do anything


refAbstractLine:
until the consequences for the next authority are considered). But this should be joined by a willingness to


refAbstractLine:
research establish and take into account historical, long term, temporal aspects of coastal change. We know that the


refAbstractLine:
geometry, configuration, land forms, sediment movement and current erosion rates. The recommendation is that we place


refAbstractLine:
this knowledge into the context of the long term trends of what the processes are trying to achieve. In this way we


refAbstractLine:
work with an understanding of nature and avoid problems.


refAbstractLine:
Different patterns of development of cliff top land have created separate management strategies for the West and East


refAbstractLine:
Barton Coastlines. This is discussed in the context of local geology, topography and the history of coast protection


refAbstractLine:
works. Current and future strategies are reviewed. The role of supply sources of beneath material and emphasised.


refAbstractLine:
An account of the arguments raised at the Public Enquiry, in May 1991, into Christchurch Borough Councils proposals to


refAbstractLine:
build a rock bastion and carry out cliff drainage and beach nourishment at Chewton Bunny in an attempt to prevent


refAbstractLine:
Short account of the possible origin and contemporary structure of Haven Quay, exposed by breaching of Mudeford


refAbstractLine:
Spit in 1934. Work on reconstruction, completed in 1936, was difficult due to tidal currents up to 7 knots velocity,


refAbstractLine:
gales and ironstone at about 12 feet below the surface.


refAbstractLine:
This report presents the results of morphological, botanical and invertebrate surveys of 11 aquatic and semi-aquatic


refAbstractLine:
sites on the route of the proposed Hook Island to Wytch farm oil and gas pipelines. The environmental importance of each


refAbstractLine:
site is discussed in terms of their taxonomic and ecological diversity. Several sites were found to contain notably rare


refAbstractLine:
plant species, viz. Toll Road Stream, Brands Bay (South), Greenland Farm Street (south), Black Down and Higher Bushey


refAbstractLine:
Cottage Stream. It is suggested that adopting the southern route option would result in less severe environmental


refAbstractLine:
impact than the northern route: recommendations are provided for each site however, so that the minimum ecological


refAbstractLine:
impact would result if construction work was requires at the site. Advice concerning the choice of artificial river bank


refAbstractLine:
reinstatement technique should be obtained before work begins at the Greenland Farm Stream (south), Foxground Stream


refAbstractLine:
(west) and Higher Bushey Cottage Streams Sites.


refAbstractLine:
The Sediment budget is a concept increasingly applied to understand an model coastal systems. An important element of


refAbstractLine:
the approach is the sediment source or input. Prevailing opinion is that much littoral zone sediment was derived from


refAbstractLine:
offshore during the Holocene Transgression. The alternative, that contemporary sources are highly important


refAbstractLine:
has only recently received attention. Within SCOPAC area, cliff instability and associated retreated supplies a wide


refAbstractLine:
range of sediments by a variety of mass movement mechanisms. Sediment contributes strongly to local beaches, but littoral


refAbstractLine:
transport also distributes material to adjoining coasts and offshore. The exact distribution depends on the character


refAbstractLine:
of supply and local hydraulic conditions. The overall perspective gained for SCOPAC sediment transport study is


refAbstractLine:
that eroding coasts such as W Dorset, Christchurch Bay and S W Wight are the most important contemporary sediment sources


refAbstractLine:
and supply large quantities of sediment to adjoining coasts and nearshore zones. By contrast, early Holocene supplies


refAbstractLine:
are now largely exhausted and much material has been transported to sediment sinks. These facts must be


refAbstractLine:
recognised when assessing coast protection schemes and potential sediment shortfall. Rising sea-level is likely to


refAbstractLine:
cause recession of low-lying coasts and increased erosion of cliffed coasts. The littoral zone it can respond by


refAbstractLine:
altering configuration to achieve a new equilibrium, but only if sufficient new sediment is available. Cliff erosion


refAbstractLine:
is thus vital source of suitable sediments.


refAbstractLine:
A description of both the formation and recent (Post 1960) measures adopted to conserve both the dunes and the


refAbstractLine:
integrity of eat Head. The text is a mix of general observations on dune morphology and specific detail relating


refAbstractLine:
to the site. A brief account of the flora and fauna is provided, stressing adaptation of the ecosystem to the


refAbstractLine:
physical site characteristics and the impact of management


refAbstractLine:
Report to an experiment Feb. 1983 to March 1984 to monitor the loss of material from four blocks of Portland Limestone


refAbstractLine:
each weighing 10-15 tonnes selected to represent different lithologies and working environments. Losses were measurement


refAbstractLine:
by profiling the rock surfaces between permanent reference pins, at two monthly intervals. Location was West Bay.


refAbstractLine:
The report was commissioned by Arun district Council as an investigation of beach erosion at Pagham, West Sussex. The


refAbstractLine:
Study area lies directly to the east of the inlet channel to Pagham Harbour, the erosion is thought to be linked to the


refAbstractLine:
presence of the inlet and its ebb tidal delta. The area of erosion is small, 1 km of beach front, but the rate of


refAbstractLine:
erosion was found to be high , up to 3ma at the maximum point. a series of investigations were carried out in order


refAbstractLine:
to ascertain the causes and identify the rates and patterns of erosion. Analysis of beach profile data was carried out


refAbstractLine:
together with hydrographic, sedimentological and bathymetric surveys, wave refraction modelling was also taken. The


refAbstractLine:
results of analysis showed a small area of rapid, but decreasing, rate of erosion. Statistical analysis showed


refAbstractLine:
the erosion rate to be decreasing as a second order polynomial reaching a minimum in approx. 1995. Although the


refAbstractLine:
centre of erosion is thought to be due to the migration of ebb tidal delta deposits which eventually weld to the


refAbstractLine:
shoreline, net trends are accretive. To the east the beach shows steady accretion. The erosion considered the result


refAbstractLine:
of the beach tending towards an equilibrium profile, in response to wave refraction, induced by the ebb tidal delta.


refAbstractLine:
This wave refraction causes a localised reversal of drift, towards the inlet, which produces the observed erosion. The


refAbstractLine:
ebb tidal delta has a marked effect on the local hydrodynamics and bathymetry and provides the Pagham beach


refAbstractLine:
front with protection from several storm damage by dissipating wave energy. A solution to the erosion problem


refAbstractLine:
is not immediately apparent and requires further investigation, it is thought that in time the beach will


refAbstractLine:
reach a state of dynamic equilibrium with the local wave climate and erosion will then reach a minimum or cease


refAbstractLine:
Brief review of historical records available for estimation of rates of erosion/coastline recession, together with some


refAbstractLine:
observations of changes in the late 1930's (particularly east Head and Pagham Harbour). Account includes original


refAbstractLine:
black and white photography with annotations.


refAbstractLine:
The long establishes cliff planting policy is recommended to be continued in order to achieve greater soil stability on


refAbstractLine:
the regraded slopes and to improve the landscape by softening the railway cutting effect - thus enhancing the


refAbstractLine:
memory of every visitor to the premier resort's coastline. The policy of continuing to plant the regraded cliffs with


refAbstractLine:
non-heathland species of plants is uneconomic and a waste of resources. The concentration of effort into finding the


refAbstractLine:
right formula for successful propagation and planting methodology for suitable marine heathland should be


refAbstractLine:
continued. It is recommended that the appropriate Officers continue with there investigations into suitable propagation


refAbstractLine:
and planting techniques and that only limited small flowering bulb planting takes place in regraded stable cliff


refAbstractLine:
The council's programme of groyne construction was completed in may 1991. The Opportunity has since been taken to survey


refAbstractLine:
all the 64 existing timber, concrete and rock groynes along our coastline. The Survey was undertaken by the Borough


refAbstractLine:
Engineer and Surveyor's Diving Team during July 1991 and included both a field survey at low tides and a data


refAbstractLine:
collection and search for all irrelevant groyne construction information is stored in archives. The oldest existing


refAbstractLine:
structure, the Hengistbury Head Long Groyne, dates back to 1937 more than 50 years. The data collection correlated


refAbstractLine:
groyne number construction scheme , design date a, completion data and type of groyne. Field data including


refAbstractLine:
groyne condition, construction details (e.g.. planking for timber groynes direction if littoral drift and level of


refAbstractLine:
planking. The effectiveness of groynes was measured in the field and by the use of aerial photographs. The survey


refAbstractLine:
revealed that one of the earliest timber groynes built in 1972 is now in need of major reconstruction. Fourteen


refAbstractLine:
groynes need major reconstruction in the next 2 -5 years, sixteen groynes need reconstruction in the next 5 - 10


refAbstractLine:
years, and the remaining 20 groynes will not require work for 10-15 years


refAbstractLine:
1) Bognor RUDC Sea Defence Committee, May 1878 - February 1885 2)Bognor RUDC Photos of groyne damage 1940 -1945: 3)


refAbstractLine:
Littlehampton UDC Surveyor and Engineer's report to Council 1913-1918: 4) Littlehampton UDC - Surveyor and Engineer


refAbstractLine:
Working Plans 1873 - 1937: 5) Littlehampton UDC Pleasure grounds and Foreshore Committee 1900-1913; 1929-1971: 6)


refAbstractLine:
Shoreham UDC Reports on Development of Shoreham Beach 7) Southwick UDC Reports of Shoreham Harbour Trustees 1939-1973


refAbstractLine:
Review of parameters measured before, during and after nourishment of shingle beaches at Highcliffe 1984-1985


refAbstractLine:
A series of short papers addressing the management and planning problems arising from increasing and varied


refAbstractLine:
demands for space and resources in the coastal zone. Coverage includes coastline protection and defence. Extends


refAbstractLine:
Development of more sophisticated dredgers fleet expansion and associated state-of-the-art technologies by leading UK


refAbstractLine:
Summary of 3rd year undergraduate dissertation report, Kings College University of London (Department of Geography)


refAbstractLine:
Review of the status of both established and ongoing protection works along the frontage of the Borough of


refAbstractLine:
14 papers that report the results of recent research into the morphology, physiology, ecology and productivity of


refAbstractLine:
Spartina anglica in salt marshes, chiefly in the British isles and Western Europe several papers refer to both


refAbstractLine:
seminal and recent experimental research conducted at sites in the central southern English coastal zone.


refAbstractLine:
A review of existing policy in the light of recent defence measures, and recommendations for future action.


refAbstractLine:
Creation and management of beaches using natural mobile materials can often provide a cost-effective and


refAbstractLine:
environmentally appropriate coastal defence. Recent practical endeavours in beach creation and management are summarised.


refAbstractLine:
Natural sources of beach building materials and the numerical/physical models applicable to defining material


refAbstractLine:
transport paths are described. Risk analysis is noted to be a necessary part of the beach design process together with an


refAbstractLine:
appreciation of the coastal hydrodynamics and topographical constraints of the site. Beach material re-cycling/bypassing


refAbstractLine:
techniques are described for several sites. Considerations and techniques relating to material import for beaches are


refAbstractLine:
noted. Points are drawn for future beach creation and management, and research needs/administrative difficulties


refAbstractLine:
Paper written in 1987, substantial advances in data and methods have taken place since.


refAbstractLine:
Field guide to the geology and geomorphology of slope instability processes operating to influence coastal forms


refAbstractLine:
along the West Dorset coastline and the sediment sources , dynamics and other characteristics of Chesil Beach


refAbstractLine:
(individual chapters are separately abstracted)


refAbstractLine:
The investigation into beach profile changes and offshore sediment transport patterns along the SCOPAC coast was


refAbstractLine:
planned to be undertaken in three phases. Phase I is concerned with the collation and presentation of available


refAbstractLine:
beach and offshore data together with preliminary analysis, for which the present contribution is an interim report.


refAbstractLine:
A large number of data sets are available for this study, including: (1)58 time series for tidal current speeds,


refAbstractLine:
from37 offshore stations; (2) wave data from 14 stations; and (3) more than 5000 beach profile data sets.


refAbstractLine:
Three empirical bed-load equations have been selected for the determination of offshore sediment transport rates. In


refAbstractLine:
relation to the nature of existing current speeds and wave data, the rate of bed-load transport has to be calculated


refAbstractLine:
using several frequency distribution functions for tidally- and wave-induced currents. The method used for the definition


refAbstractLine:
of the functions has been developed and some examples are presented.  Preliminary


refAbstractLine:
studies show that beach steepening is not necessarily associated with erosion. Erosion results in a narrower zone


refAbstractLine:
between the high and low water mark and one effect of this is to make the sea defence works (particularly seawalls)


refAbstractLine:
more exposed to wave attack, rather than steepen the beach. An example from Poole Bay indicates that flattening of the


refAbstractLine:
upper part of the beach is taking place over most of the profile and there is a slight steepening of the lower beach,


refAbstractLine:
with a general reduction in the slope for the whole beach. The beach slope evolves towards equilibrium, of which there


refAbstractLine:
are two types. A Type I equilibrium profile is a time averaged profile, with the bed floored with loosely


refAbstractLine:
consolidated sediments. Such a profile may shift in an onshore-offshore direction, depending upon the


refAbstractLine:
accretional/erosional conditions. Type II equilibrium is concerned with the geomorphological evolution of eroding


refAbstractLine:
coasts. When such equilibrium is reached , the position of the profile becomes stable and wave energy will dissipate


refAbstractLine:
across the shore, without causing any further erosion. An implication of the equilibrium concept is that the beach


refAbstractLine:
profile is influenced by the patterns of sediment movement, not only in the nearshore zone, but also in the offshore


refAbstractLine:
areas.        The next stage of the investigation will be concerned with


refAbstractLine:
:(1) estimates of change in beach profiles and in sediment volumes, for the data sets which have not been analysed;(2)


refAbstractLine:
calculations of the sediment transport rates for the offshore stations, where the current speed data are


refAbstractLine:
sufficient (the results will be verified using the data from appropriate geophysical and bathymetric surveys); (3)


refAbstractLine:
further development of the equilibrium theory based upon this; the beach profile data from Poole, Christchurch and


refAbstractLine:
Hayling Bay will be combined with the of offshore transport rates, to establish Type I and II equilibrium profiles for


refAbstractLine:
these locations);and (4) suggestions of strategies on coast defence for this particular region, to improve the


refAbstractLine:
An assessment of the potential impacts of a proposed scheme of coast protection applied to the rapidly eroding cliffs in


refAbstractLine:
the vicinity of Double Dykes. A review of the existing conditions at the site, and its setting within larger scale


refAbstractLine:
sediment circulation cells, is followed by a detailed evaluation of possible effects of sediment supply reduction


refAbstractLine:
resulting from cliff protection and its interaction with littoral drift. The residual appearance of the cliffs


refAbstractLine:
Chesil is a linear storm beach "tied" to the mainland coast at either end, but backed by the Fleet tidal lagoon for


refAbstractLine:
13kms. Beach height and beach face gradient increase from west to east, as does pebble size above low water . Several


refAbstractLine:
theories based on pebble lithology concerning the origin of Chesil have been proposed , but the concept of barrier


refAbstractLine:
formation during the early to mid-Holocene is now favoured. Historical and contemporary research into beach dynamics


refAbstractLine:
promotes the conclusion that height and plan shape are subject to intermittent variations, with a tendency for


refAbstractLine:
lowering and slow recession respectively. The unique longshore grading of pebbles has stimulated debate for


refAbstractLine:
nearly two centuries, but more recent work identifies pebble thickness, wave frequency, height and angle of swell


refAbstractLine:
approach as critical factors. Rates of net transport have been quantified but there is evidence of short-distance and


refAbstractLine:
short term reversals in direction. Data quality used as a basis for theory has several limitations. Events of


refAbstractLine:
overtopping associated with specific wave conditions(especially at Chesilton) confirms the need for


refAbstractLine:
active defence protection. The loss of material supply from West Bay since 1966, amongst other factors, may indicate


refAbstractLine:
that Chesil is now entering a critical phase in its evolutionary development


refAbstractLine:
A summary of the principal stratigraphical units and their characteristic lithologies outcropping along the West Dorset


refAbstractLine:
coast. The main Jurassic and Cretaceous sequences are described using diagrammatical sections. Geological


refAbstractLine:
structure is deceptively simple involving gentle east to south east dips occasionally interrupted by faults; however,


refAbstractLine:
the interpretation of fold structures in terms of basement structures and neo-tectonics is more complex. Lithology and


refAbstractLine:
structure are fundamental to cliff instability and landslide activity


refAbstractLine:
The profile performance and the conditions giving rise to over topping and overwashing of shingle barrier beaches have


refAbstractLine:
been examined in an extensive programme of field work and physical model studies. The hydraulic performances of Hurst


refAbstractLine:
Spit, on the south coast of the UK, has been examined in detail, and the studies have been used to design a


refAbstractLine:
management programme for this barrier beach. This has included the design of a beach replenishment scheme and


refAbstractLine:
quantification of overtopping thresholds and alarm conditions, for a range of beach geometries. An extensive


refAbstractLine:
series of 3-dimensional physical model tests are discussed and a dimensionless parmetric framework is suggested, which


refAbstractLine:
provides a method of estimating the conditions that will result in crest accumulation, breaching and crest lowering


refAbstractLine:
of shingle barrier beaches, for a wide range of beach geometries.


refAbstractLine:
Prevailing knowledge of the coastal processes for both the open coast and the estuarine environment of both harbours


refAbstractLine:
are reviewed, followed by an inventory of existing coastal defences. Coastal land and resource use are evaluated on


refAbstractLine:
the basis of "threatened values", i.e. impacts that might accrue if existing defences are not maintained and perhaps


refAbstractLine:
strengthened. A framework for future shoreline protection and defence is presented starting with options and


refAbstractLine:
proceeding to evaluation using technical design, environmental and financial criteria. A priority


refAbstractLine:
classification using multi-criteria analysis produces a "recommended scheme" adapted to the 3 major sectors


refAbstractLine:
(Langstone Chichester and South Hayling). The concluding section identifies research requirements and offers a


refAbstractLine:
proposed action plan for the immediate future.


refAbstractLine:
Progressive deterioration of the eastern Hayling Island frontage, with falling beach levels and subsequent


refAbstractLine:
overtopping by wave action, led to Havant Borough Council (HBC) implementing a beach renourishment programme in 1985.


refAbstractLine:
It is thought the poor condition of the beach at that time was due to a reduction in the supply of single from the


refAbstractLine:
east, related to numerous coastal protection works. In 1985, the situation at Hayling Island was transformed by the


refAbstractLine:
importation of over 530,000m3 of shingle along a 2.2km frontage. Since completion of the scheme, there has been


refAbstractLine:
rapid dispersal of material, to the east and west along Hayling Island shoreline; this has coincided with known


refAbstractLine:
directions of littoral drift. HBC has gathered field data for Hayling; much of this has concentrated upon


refAbstractLine:
what became of the replenished area. Although there has been numerous coast-protection works constructed over many years,


refAbstractLine:
none has succeeded totally in preventing erosion of the beach. Such erosion is apparently due to a reduced onshore


refAbstractLine:
feed of material, unable to sustain the littoral drift. Such a reduction of supply to Hayling Island could be due to


refAbstractLine:
completion of the Selsey Coast Protection Scheme in 1961, which could have restricted the amount of material available


refAbstractLine:
to supply the Hayling Island shoreline. The only source of shingle for Hayling shoreline would now appear to be from


refAbstractLine:
offshore.  Over a period of less than 100 years, the coast from west Hayling to


refAbstractLine:
Selsey has changed rapidly from one with unrestricted erosion and large westerly littoral drift, to one that is


refAbstractLine:
almost totally protected. Consequently only a small amount of material is currently available to supply littoral


refAbstractLine:
transport. Since there has been a near total reduction in the amount of additional material available along the


refAbstractLine:
shoreline, it is necessary to determine the extent to which material now moves from offshore and the conditions under


refAbstractLine:
Vol. 1: Report. Phase 1 of this study involved a review of the process regime including an assessment of the historical


refAbstractLine:
data to determine wave climate and extreme water level probabilities. Phase 2 was concerned with the


refAbstractLine:
geotechnical and hydrogeological survey, including Lodmoor Marsh. Together these data sources are used to provide


refAbstractLine:
baseline data to evaluate impacts of defence reconstruction. Vols. 2: 3: Beach profiles; PSD curves, Groyne condition and


refAbstractLine:
seawall structure investigation; cost-benefit evaluations. Vol. 4: Phase 2 Scheme formulation; refinement of preferred


refAbstractLine:
option; environmental impacts and benefits: cost calculation and assessment.


refAbstractLine:
The present values of the principal categories of benefits from coast protection works for Hurst Spit are summarised


refAbstractLine:
below:  1991 Recreational uses of Hurst Spit


refAbstractLine:
4.8 million Loss of Moorings 1.0 " Sea defences benefits


refAbstractLine:
Total 10.2 "  These figures are based upon a scheme life of 50 years and a


refAbstractLine:
discount rate, as determined by MAFF, of 6%. The greatest contribution to the total figure is given by


refAbstractLine:
the recreational losses that would result from the loss of the Spit. The average loss per visitor was determined


refAbstractLine:
through a contingent valuation as being 3.72 per visit. The annual loss thus depends upon the number of visitors using


refAbstractLine:
the Spit. What is particularly notable is that virtually all respondents reported that if the Spit were lost, then they


refAbstractLine:
would stop visiting the site and go elsewhere instead. This perhaps is logical in view of the nature of the loss but


refAbstractLine:
provides striking contrast to the results of similar studies that have been conducted in other locations.


refAbstractLine:
Informal estimates of the usage of the Spit are given in the range of 60000 - 100000 visitors per year. From the daily


refAbstractLine:
short period counts undertaken at all access points to the Spit during the Contingent Valuation Survey, and by


refAbstractLine:
reference to the patterns of visiting over the year at other sites, estimates of the likely number of visitors to the


refAbstractLine:
Spit are in the range 87800 to 162000. To estimate the annual recreational benefits, the conservative figure of


refAbstractLine:
87800 was used.       There was potential risk of double counting between these


refAbstractLine:
recreational benefits and that resulting from continuing to protect Hurst Castle. However, there is no significant


refAbstractLine:
difference between visitors to the Castle and other visitors in terms of the loss they report they would experience if


refAbstractLine:
the Spit was lost, consequently, the 4million attributed cost of protecting the castle to non-use value.


refAbstractLine:
There are some additional unquantified losses. Of these the main potential loss is to sailing as a result of a worsening


refAbstractLine:
of the wave climate in the Western Solent. There are, however, no statistics available as to the total number and


refAbstractLine:
frequency of use by dinghies and yachts of this area. There would also be a relatively small loss through the affects


refAbstractLine:
upon the small fishing fleet at Keyhaven. A major, and in the current state of economic science, unquantifiable loss


refAbstractLine:
would be the negative affect on the SSSI currently protected from erosion by the Spit.


refAbstractLine:
As far as can be determined, there are no negative benefits, i.e. environmental damage, which result from the


refAbstractLine:
construction of the scheme. Nor, equally, will the recreational value of the Spit be enhanced over that at


refAbstractLine:
present by the scheme: the values given by respondents in the Contingent Valuation Survey for the post-scheme


refAbstractLine:
recreational value of the Spit did not differ significantly from those at the present. This can be seen as a measure of


refAbstractLine:
the proposed scheme's success in avoiding intrusion.  The present value figures given above relate to when erosion


refAbstractLine:
occurs so that the Spit is lost. In calculating the present value of the benefits of undertaking protection now, an


refAbstractLine:
important factor is the date when the Spit would be lost. Each year, the probability of complete loss of the Spit is


refAbstractLine:
rising. Clearly, assuming the probability is one that the Spit will be lost this year, given the upper bound estimate,


refAbstractLine:
gives a present value of 10.2 million.    Therefore, the present value of the scheme was computed by


refAbstractLine:
applying a range of rising probabilities of complete loss over different periods of time. Assuming that the


refAbstractLine:
probability increases linearly, then a plausible lower bound is given by assuming that the current probability of a loss


refAbstractLine:
in the first year is 0 and this rises to 0.2 in year 50. This yields a net present value of 4.3 million. This figure


refAbstractLine:
increases rapidly as the probability of loss in 50 years is increased, rising to 6.7 million for a probability of total


refAbstractLine:
loss in year 50 of1.0, with a current probability of loss of 0.     A best estimate figure


refAbstractLine:
was derived by taking the current probability of loss as 0.1 rising to 1.0 in year 50: this yielded a present value of


refAbstractLine:
A brief report of artefact range and typology recovered from Rainbow Bar, a shingle bar offshore Hill Head. The cultural


refAbstractLine:
stage they represent is considered to be late Mesolithic; a measure of subsequent sea-level rise is thereby provided


refAbstractLine:
An assessment of the estimated life of existing defences at Hurst Castle , and a definition of the minimum requirements


refAbstractLine:
of the NFDC scheme for the stabilisation of Hurst Spit. Proposals, justification, costs and funding for an


refAbstractLine:
integrated coast protection scheme are given together with an outline of the proposed programme.


refAbstractLine:
A classified inventory of 372 collections of black and white, and colour, oblique and vertical air photo coverage


refAbstractLine:
of the UK Information on referencing, copyright, potential information content and details of sources are given on a


refAbstractLine:
county basis. Indexing of coverage using postcodes facilities identification of cover.


refAbstractLine:
Historical background to Portsmouth Wastewater disposal Scheme (Eastney); uprating of control system; headworks,


refAbstractLine:
tank storage and outfall pipe construction. The latter has a length of 5700m and involved dredging to a depth of 4-5m.


refAbstractLine:
Taken together these three interim reports discuss the theoretical understanding of shingle movement under waves


refAbstractLine:
and currents; the development of sensor instrumentation for field measurements, and survey work carried out at two


refAbstractLine:
selected sites offshore of the SCOPAC coastline. Hydrodynamic conditions at both sites are described


refAbstractLine:
(Eastern Christchurch Bay and offshore Middleton-on-Sea)


refAbstractLine:
This paper addresses the main variable in the design of rock armoured coastal shoreline structures such as breakwaters,


refAbstractLine:
seawalls, or revetments: the size of the rock armour required for stability. It identifies a number of recent


refAbstractLine:
research studies on rock armoured coastal structures , and describes the methods available to calculate the size of


refAbstractLine:
rock armour required for stability on a wide range of such structures. The paper brings together for the first time


refAbstractLine:
results of recent research on the influences of variables that have not been addressed by previous work.


refAbstractLine:
Sea bed morphology and offshore wave climate seawards of the main axis of Hurst Castle Spit(based on existing knowledge)


refAbstractLine:
is used to model bathymetric and inshore wave climate change arising from proposed dredging in the vicinity of Shingles


refAbstractLine:
Bank as source of replenishment for Hurst Spit. Modelling uses INRAY and OUTRAY programs; coefficients for INRAY are given,


refAbstractLine:
with data analysis , interpretation, discussion and conclusions.


refAbstractLine:
Original charts, at 1:2500 scale for June 1981 and April 1982, with incomplete coverage for subsequent dates up to


refAbstractLine:
April 1993. Coverage for June 1993 is at the same scale, and extends to coverage of the Lymington Marshes mapped at 1/2m


refAbstractLine:
interval. The latter is based on specially commissioned air photo cover


refAbstractLine:
The low cliffs between Hamble Point and the seawall at the oil refinery are subject to periodic erosion induced by wave


refAbstractLine:
attack. It poses a threat to the coastal frontage of Hamble Common, an SSSI and designated Nature Reserve. This study


refAbstractLine:
reviews the geomorphological character, hydraulic regime and historical development of coastline change, and presents a


refAbstractLine:
feasibility study of alternative protection approaches, and their design. The three main options examined are a rock


refAbstractLine:
revetment; beach replenishment and a combination of the two. Costs are estimated, and recommendations given.


refAbstractLine:
The landslides of the West Dorset coast pose considerable restrictions to coastal development, and human occupance


refAbstractLine:
has played a role in promoting or renewing slope instability. These have been frequent events involving death


refAbstractLine:
or injury, and it has been calculated that an average of 2.5 million pounds expenditure each year is incurred as a result


refAbstractLine:
of coastal slope failures in Dorset. The nature and scale of the problem is illustrated with reference to the recent


refAbstractLine:
history of landsliding at Lyme Regis. Events between 1950 and 1980 are recounted, and possible causes are reviewed.


refAbstractLine:
These include toe erosion induced by coastal erosion, with the large scale removal of beach material through


refAbstractLine:
pier-groyne construction, and quarrying in the 19th century as a major cause. Numerous cut-and-fill operations for


refAbstractLine:
construction sites, and the discharge of waste water to recharge groundwater levels, are also held responsible for


refAbstractLine:
reactivating or triggering instability. Recommended procedures for managing instability problems through the


refAbstractLine:
application of national legislation are suggested, together with a practical guide for property owners. Integration of


refAbstractLine:
the planning process and geotechnical evacuation is through the compilation of hazard maps. Analogies with the


refAbstractLine:
Undercliff of the Isle of White are given


refAbstractLine:
The Black Ven landslide complex is one of the largest in Europe; its current morphology is a direct consequence of


refAbstractLine:
the local rock lithology, stratigraphical succession and geohydrological conditions. Two recent periods of


refAbstractLine:
accelerated activity are 1957-58 and 1968-69. The main morphological units, and their dynamic inter-relationships,


refAbstractLine:
from crest to toe are described in sequence. The upper cliff the result of multiple rotational slide failures and


refAbstractLine:
gullying. Benches coincide with more resistant units, across which mudslides are generated and flow with marked


refAbstractLine:
seasonal variation in rates. Slides, flows, pressure ridges and tension cracks are the consequence of water absorption &


refAbstractLine:
shear strength reduction in the overconsolidated in situ clays/shales. Black Ven illustrates the 'reservoir'


refAbstractLine:
principle of mass movement & also demonstrates the mechanism of undrained loading (lower mudslides shearing at low slope


refAbstractLine:
angles). Recent survey data is quoted in support though specific mechanisms inducing displacement are open to


refAbstractLine:
An environment impact assessment of the proposed recharge of Hurst Castle Spit. The beach, inshore & offshore


refAbstractLine:
morpho-dynamic conditions are reviewed, followed by an account of the main constituents of the replenishment programme and


refAbstractLine:
the results of the physical model testing. Evaluation is presented under the headings of shingle sources for


refAbstractLine:
recharge; wave climate; tidal regime; impacts of coastal and near/offshore morphology; marine habitats, fisheries,


refAbstractLine:
shipping, leisure and recreation, and marine archaeology


refAbstractLine:
A brief account of the joint NRA(S) and Arun D.C. project to build a series of offshore rock island and replenishment


refAbstractLine:
the gravel beach at Elmer, near Bognor Regis (written before completion of construction programme)


refAbstractLine:
A descriptive and partly an analytical review of defence and protection works recently completed or in progress along the


refAbstractLine:
West Sussex coastline involving the Southern Region of the NRA. Technicalities of construction are presented in the


refAbstractLine:
broader context of both need and justification. The sea defence programme at Elmer, involving offshore construction


refAbstractLine:
and beach nourishment is given prominence


refAbstractLine:
This paper reviews the history of sea defences and works that have been undertaken in the southern region of the NRA.


refAbstractLine:
It poses the question 'why defend?' and points out the need for improvements in coastal planning, especially as a


refAbstractLine:
consequence of sea-level rise. The coastal cell should be considered as an entity and there should be full


refAbstractLine:
co-operation with all cost authorities, co-ordinated by MAFF. The need for project appraisal is stressed as is the


refAbstractLine:
fact that all options should be evaluated.


refAbstractLine:
A review of the background rationale to the construction of a comprehensive & innovative approach to shoreline


refAbstractLine:
protection at Monk's Bay, SE Isle of Wight, together with a technical account of the development of options; model


refAbstractLine:
studies; construction of the preferred option of offshore breakwater groynes & beach renourishment. The work was


refAbstractLine:
carried out between October 1991 and December 1992, with subsequent monitoring of beach conditions at 3 monthly


refAbstractLine:
The Flood Protection Division of MAFF commissioned the South Coast Shingle Study in response to the impacts on defences


refAbstractLine:
and beaches of severe weather in the winter of 1989/90. It was composed of 3 main research studies; the joint


refAbstractLine:
probability of high tidal levels and severe waves; the shorter term (annual) variation of alongshore drift of


refAbstractLine:
shingle, and the short term response of shingle beach profiles in severe storm conditions. This paper summarises


refAbstractLine:
the results of each study, emphasising the implications for the design and management of shingle beaches as parts of


refAbstractLine:
coastal defence systems. There were suprising difficulties in obtaining satisfactory data on tidal residuals, surges


refAbstractLine:
and waves; data on longshore drift requires long-term measurement than is usually available, particularly for beach


refAbstractLine:
nourishment. Shingle beaches adjust very rapidly to changing wave conditions, & storm profiles are short lived. Large


refAbstractLine:
quantities of shingle may be needed in the medium term future to maintain and improve the integrity of beaches used


refAbstractLine:
as defences; these are doubts about sources of coarse seabed sediments specifically for recycling or beach feed programmes


refAbstractLine:
The function of the saltmarsh - stabilised intertidal mudflats ("salting" in this text) of the Lymington estuary


refAbstractLine:
is briefly reviewed, followed by a summary of historical change since 1924 (Geodata Unit, University of Southampton).


refAbstractLine:
Some 300m of retreat has occurred, for which numerous explanations have been advanced. Lymington Harbour


refAbstractLine:
Commissioners believe that the problems of the "die-back" & erosion require immediate attention, they propose to retain


refAbstractLine:
an area, initially of 55 ha, by improving site stability and habitat conditions for Spartina growth. "Fibre Rolls" will


refAbstractLine:
be used at the salting edging with other regenerative techniques to follows, starting in late 1993. Other


refAbstractLine:
management interventions may be necessary in the future. Diagrams and maps illustrate the proposals in detail. Public


refAbstractLine:
Landslides are a natural hazard in many countries & often affect civil engineering structures & projects. Three


refAbstractLine:
aspects in particular require examination on a geotechnical appraisal of a landslide's stability in engineering terms:


refAbstractLine:
(1) the definition of its three-dimensional shape with particular reference to shear surfaces and failure planes;


refAbstractLine:
(2) the definition of the hydrological regime with regard to water input to the landslide & its distribution within the


refAbstractLine:
slip mass; (3) the detection of movement by or with in the slip mass & the characteristics of such movement.


refAbstractLine:
The site investigation cost may be very high since landslides may be extremely large, structurally complex and


refAbstractLine:
topographically severe. It is therefore advantageous in suitable circumstances to carry out reconnaissance


refAbstractLine:
geophysical surveys to define the structure and to guide optimal siting of boreholes & pits and ultimately the


refAbstractLine:
installation of piezometers, inclinometers, etc. Standard surface geophysical techniques including seismic,


refAbstractLine:
electrical resistivity, acoustic emission & borehole methods have all been applied with varying success to look at a


refAbstractLine:
landslide before a major site investigation commences. In recent years electromagnetic methods have been the subject


refAbstractLine:
of considerable research in this field & significant advances have been made. In this


refAbstractLine:
paper, the application of the above geophysical methods at the reconnaissance stage in a landslide investigation has


refAbstractLine:
been reviewed & illustrated with several case histories taken from different geological settings.


refAbstractLine:
The coastline between Milford-on-Sea & Weymouth Bay is divided into six units. for each there is a brief survey of


refAbstractLine:
key ecosystems and species; habitat quality & designated status of inclusive sites, if any: prediction of the


refAbstractLine:
ecological effects of the scale of future sea-level rise discussed earlier in this report. In some cases, ecosystem


refAbstractLine:
characteristics of cliff-top sites, & areas immediately adjacent to the coastline, are covered.


refAbstractLine:
A review of the current physical condition of the seawall, & recommendation concerning repair & maintenance.


refAbstractLine:
A critical review of the planning and management of coastal defence systems, concluding that positive action is needed


refAbstractLine:
to assess the performance and current future adequacy of protection structure and their environmental impacts.


refAbstractLine:
Management requires co-ordination between authorities, especially with respect to rapidly eroding coasts, within


refAbstractLine:
strategic frameworks. MAFF review & monitoring procedures require improvements, especially where non-urban land is


refAbstractLine:
protected. District authorities must improve upon the present reactive, ad hoc approach to show impacts, the deterioration


refAbstractLine:
of structures, etc. Planning controls in areas at risk from flooding are permissive, & require better agency


refAbstractLine:
co-operation. Case examples are provided where sea defences have had negative impacts along adjacent coasts.


refAbstractLine:
Description of the drift & solid geology of the site; previous investigation; ground & groundwater condition;


refAbstractLine:
index properties, grading analyses, chemical tests; material properties of made ground, backfill, storm shingle deposits;


refAbstractLine:
alluvial terrace deposits & substrate (Brankstone Sand Formation). Sectioned & annotated drawings of eleven


refAbstractLine:
borehole logs; particle size distribution data: plasticity values; groundwater & tide levels, & permeability test


refAbstractLine:
A brief review of the existing condition of the seawall, & adjacent beach conditions. Recommendations on repair &


refAbstractLine:
A review of the existing condition of the seawall, & recommendations on repair, renovation & maintenance.


refAbstractLine:
Geological & geotechnical background to recent landslip at Widdick Chime, southern Totland Bay; details of landslip


refAbstractLine:
events & probable causative mechanisms; proposals for effective stability.


refAbstractLine:
The physical & biological landscapes, historical development & an overview of contemporary ownership & management provide


refAbstractLine:
a basis for the examination of existing statutory designations & planning policies. Objectives for the future


refAbstractLine:
are assessed with reference to the major resources, their current level of exploitation & use & future capacities.


refAbstractLine:
Consideration is given to gravel extraction immediately inland; surface water drainage; sea defences; dredging for


refAbstractLine:
navigational purposes; management of the saltmarsh environment; public access & recreation; refuse disposal;


refAbstractLine:
commercial fishing & agriculture. the report concludes with observations on wardening & (future) management structure.


refAbstractLine:
Summaries of the ad hoc sediment transport study commissioned for this study (R,P & T); hydraulic modelling


refAbstractLine:
and reports on model tests(R,P & T & HR); hydraulic modelling of jetty; beach contouring based on modelling;


refAbstractLine:
inshore current meter survey and Ventnor inshore wave climate assessment based on refraction analysis (the last 4


refAbstractLine:
studies in pre-report release format by HR)


refAbstractLine:
An analysis of the main natural and human resources and environmental characteristics with particular reference to


refAbstractLine:
habitat features. The major human activities are identified, together with historical development where it contributes


refAbstractLine:
to the contemporary landscape . Problems and conflicts are highlighted with a series of proposals for their future


refAbstractLine:
management. There are separate sections relating to drainage, sea defences and habitat management


refAbstractLine:
Background on historical processes, both natural and socio-economic, shaping the harbour is followed by an


refAbstractLine:
analysis of its contemporary landscape character. This is achieved partly by reference to discrete zones and habitats,


refAbstractLine:
with overall assessment of the ecological character. Perceptions of the harbour landscape are considered,


refAbstractLine:
followed by an overview of modern forces for landscape change and an evaluation of AONB status


refAbstractLine:
Report of the ad hoc working group with the brief to formulate coastal planning guidelines for local authorities


refAbstractLine:
in the SERPLAN area. It is drawn up in the context of "A New Strategy for the South East" (RPC 1987), and recent


refAbstractLine:
government, EC and other reports. The overall strategy consists of 3 policy guideline principles, followed by the


refAbstractLine:
reviews of the developed and underdeveloped coast; energy generation; the marine environment; marine and coastal


refAbstractLine:
resources and water quality. Specific guidance principles (36-39) relate to planning practice. The report concludes


refAbstractLine:
with observations on implementation, including a checklist.


refAbstractLine:
A documented and specific ecological baseline survey and statement covering the physical basis of the estuarine


refAbstractLine:
ecosystem as a whole; marine and terrestrial ecosystem characteristics; avifauna and the significance of Chichester


refAbstractLine:
Harbour in the context of ecosystem and habitat conservation. Overall, this is a digest of existing data in


refAbstractLine:
various formats and forms of ownership, but includes comments on recent and future potential changes that could


refAbstractLine:
be monitored to assess the integrity of the harbour environment.


refAbstractLine:
An assessment of the impacts of instability of cliff slopes and as part of the broader Undercliff landslide system on


refAbstractLine:
coastal protection. There has been rapid coastal retreat since 1990, necessitating geomorphological evaluation. A


refAbstractLine:
detailed stability analysis is required.


refAbstractLine:
A survey of the geological structure, rock lithology and stratigraphy; characteristic cliff profiles and


refAbstractLine:
degradational processes; measured cliffline recession rates and relation to marine erosion; development of Compton Bay;


refAbstractLine:
conclusions relating to instability of cliff top in vicinity of road at Compton Cliff


refAbstractLine:
PHASE 1: Database recording physical properties and condition details of defences owned and maintained by the


refAbstractLine:
NRA (Southern region). A series of reports on site specific field surveys and inspections and assessment of protection


refAbstractLine:
afforded. PHASE 2: As above, but embracing all defences not in the ownership or under the control of


refAbstractLine:
Report on the geological and geotechnical conditions; coastal morphology and hydraulic regime, and existing


refAbstractLine:
protection structures. The conditions and adequacy of the latter are assessed and several significant shortcomings are


refAbstractLine:
identified. Options for future comprehensive shoreline defence are outlined, accompanied by assessment of benefit


refAbstractLine:
An assessment of the possible morphological, hydrodynamic and sedimentological impacts of the implementation of a


refAbstractLine:
proposal to dredge an area offshore of the mouth of Bembridge Harbour in the vicinity of St. Helen's Fort.


refAbstractLine:
A report on the present conditions of the groynes, and an assessment of their recent performance. Recommendations for


refAbstractLine:
Data has been collected by Bournemouth Borough Council (1974-1991); BP(1990-1991); and Hydraulics Research (1988),


refAbstractLine:
and comprises a large number of beach profiles. Section-by-section interpretation relates to the impacts of


refAbstractLine:
4 successive beach replenishment projects; groyne construction and reconstruction; tidal surges and beach


refAbstractLine:
changes over time. The range of beach profile area; net beach volume , beach area standard deviation and littoral


refAbstractLine:
drift are calculated for the survey period. Salient beach geomorphic characteristics and data on particle size


refAbstractLine:
analysis are also interpreted. (NB: this is an incomplete report; it should be regarded as an interim and provisional


refAbstractLine:
(1) A baseline intertidal survey of 7 potential cable and pipeline landfall sites in Poole and Studland Bay during


refAbstractLine:
August 1991. (2) 6 cores were taken from middle and lower beach stations on each of the 7 transect lines during


refAbstractLine:
low water spring tide. 5 cores were used for enumeration and identification of fauna, the sixth for granulometric


refAbstractLine:
analysis.  (3) All the samples were dominated by the 3 Phi fraction, fine sand.


refAbstractLine:
Only at station SB1 was the proportion of 4 Phi greater than 10%.


refAbstractLine:
(4) The sediments of Studland Bay were better sorted than those of the Poole Bay beach stations.


refAbstractLine:
(5) The infauna was dominated by polycheate worms and crustaceans (6) All intertidal samples were much less


refAbstractLine:
diverse than similar offshore samples. (7) The species recorded by the survey are thought to be


refAbstractLine:
annuals in terms of their life history. Their life cycles are adaptive to the high stress environment in which these


refAbstractLine:
animals live. Most of the species recorded have been recorded previously and cannot be considered unique to the


refAbstractLine:
(1) The possible development of an artificial island in Poole bay to exploit offshore oil reserves would mean that


refAbstractLine:
transport of oil by pipeline to land sites would be required. Landfall sites and pipeline corridors have already


refAbstractLine:
been identified by BP Exploration. (2) A number of sites along potential overland pipeline routes from landfall


refAbstractLine:
sites in the vicinity of Studland to Wytch Farm Gathering Station have been examined as possibly being sensitive to


refAbstractLine:
pipeline construction.  (3) Sites were surveyed to determine whether pipeline


refAbstractLine:
routing would be likely to pose a threat to any rare species or communities, or pass through areas with particularly


refAbstractLine:
diverse fauna or flora. (4) Two main alternatives were examined;(A) a northern route running along Studland to


refAbstractLine:
Sandbanks Ferry road, then running across to the base of the Goathorn peninsula towards existing infield flowlines; (B) a


refAbstractLine:
southern route running towards Bushey via Dean Hill and Rempstone. Two alternative alignments for part of this route


refAbstractLine:
are included.  (5) At all main sites, vegetation types were defined and


refAbstractLine:
mapped. (6) Invertebrate surveys were conducted at five sites and preliminary observation on the distributions of


refAbstractLine:
reptiles and amphibians were made at three sites. (7) No plants species of special rarity value were recorded.


refAbstractLine:
(8) One national notable weevil was found in samples taken at Woodhouse Hill.


refAbstractLine:
(9) Herpetological surveys produced no sightings at sites examined.


refAbstractLine:
(10) Whilst southern routes would not cross known Dartford warbler territories, one section of the northern route


refAbstractLine:
crossed an area known to have 2 or 3 territories regularly over the past 10 years.


refAbstractLine:
(11) A landfall at Knoll car park was considered to be less damaging to species diversity and vegetation communities


refAbstractLine:
than at Harry Warren Cliffs.     (12) A southern route would be likely to disrupt fewer


refAbstractLine:
sensitive communities or species and would permit, by routing, minimal damage to those areas affected.


refAbstractLine:
An evaluation of the archaeological potential of Western Poole Bay, an area intended for the Hook island projects has


refAbstractLine:
been undertaken for BP Development. This report provides information on the following:


refAbstractLine:
(1) the archaeological potential of the area. (2) the bathymetry and distribution of the superficial


refAbstractLine:
sediments over the area, together with an assessment of their mobility on the basis of the analysis of echo-sounder


refAbstractLine:
and side-scan sonar data. (3) the geological structure of the area and the thickness of the superficial sediment


refAbstractLine:
cover.  (4) the distribution of targets over an area, identified for their


refAbstractLine:
archaeological potential.  The results show that the area is high in its archaeological


refAbstractLine:
potential, probably one of the highest along the south coast of England. 77 targets, needing further examination, were


refAbstractLine:
identified. Any engineering work or dredging activity over this sensitive area must be preceded, therefore, by a


refAbstractLine:
detailed examination of the seafloor and superficial sediment cover.


refAbstractLine:
An update of earlier reports (1976, 1977, 1984) assessing the integrity of East Head, based on desk study and field


refAbstractLine:
inspection. There have been significant fluctuations in the height and width of the foreshore and beach on the west side


refAbstractLine:
of the feature in recent years, with net widening and flattening in recent months. Sediment distribution in the


refAbstractLine:
mouth of the harbour is likely to have been affected by the beach replenishment on east Hayling. A series of


refAbstractLine:
recommendations on further studies of the sediment transport regime, and physical reinforcements of the rear of the spit


refAbstractLine:
A summary of the main conclusions and observations of the SCOPAC Sea-level Rise and Global Warming Report (1992),


refAbstractLine:
emphasising (1) the range of predictions of sea-level rise to 2050 for the SCOPAC coastline, and (2) the likely


refAbstractLine:
responses of gravel beaches and coastal wetlands. Hydrological impacts, particularly saline intrusion into


refAbstractLine:
coastal aquifers are also considered. The specific attributes of wetlands and gravel beaches in West Sussex are


refAbstractLine:
This report presents the results of a study commissioned by BP Exploration Operating Co. Ltd. and its partners. The aim


refAbstractLine:
was to identify evidence for the existence of archaeological material within the western part of Poole Bay, where the


refAbstractLine:
Hooke Island development was planned. The study considered two types of sites: those originating


refAbstractLine:
from the land and being lost to the sea by inundation or erosion, and those originating as ships or other craft. For


refAbstractLine:
the former, the study sought examples of seabed survey of the area undertaken for research and commercial activities.


refAbstractLine:
For the latter a broader range of evidence was identified for consideration. Interviews with


refAbstractLine:
divers and fishermen, and results from remote sensing surveys provide direct evidence in the form of observations


refAbstractLine:
of the seabed. Recorded losses of ships provide indirect evidence of the formation of archaeological sites.


refAbstractLine:
Examination of the shipping using Poole Harbour during prehistoric and historic periods is used to complement the


refAbstractLine:
other sources. This provides an indication that more ship losses will have occurred than have been documented. The


refAbstractLine:
report concludes that the predicted location of relict land surfaces and the high level of shipping activity, coupled


refAbstractLine:
with the opportunities for preservation, suggest that the study area has the potential to contain the archaeological


refAbstractLine:
material beyond that already located. This potential is of considerable importance to the development of maritime


refAbstractLine:
studies in Britain. Only by devising a suitable field survey can the actual, as opposed to the perceived, archaeological


refAbstractLine:
The rationale for comprehensive coastal zone management is given for European, national and local contexts, referring


refAbstractLine:
to legislative background and current debate on the need for reform of management practice. Strategic approaches to


refAbstractLine:
geology and topography; landscape character; maritime archaeology and heritage; ecology and wildlife; access and


refAbstractLine:
recreation; commercial activities and pollution are presented overall and in detail for 6 major sub-sections of


refAbstractLine:
the authority's coastal frontage. Policy and monitoring proposals for the conclusion and an assessment of the


refAbstractLine:
financial implications of implementing recommended policies


refAbstractLine:
This paper discusses the application of various marine geophysical techniques to engineering studies in coastal and


refAbstractLine:
estuarine environments. Seabed morphology can be examined using echo sounding and sidescan sonar whilst geological


refAbstractLine:
structure is investigated using continuous seismic profiling surveys based on sparker and boomer sources. Current


refAbstractLine:
geophysical equipment and methods are reviewed and illustrated by 3 case histories. By


refAbstractLine:
combining the results from marine seismic surveys and geological sampling programmes it is possible to achieve an


refAbstractLine:
accurate assessment of the sub-bottom geology in the near-shore zone


refAbstractLine:
Summary environmental impact statement, accompanying a proposal to build a jetty to partially enclose the harbour


refAbstractLine:
at Ventnor. Sections included cover geology and sediment transport and are based on detailed technical reports


refAbstractLine:
An evaluation of the potential of the eastern flank of Shingles Bank (Christchurch Bay), for the extraction of


refAbstractLine:
marine aggregate to be used for the replenishment of the adjacent Hurst Spit.


refAbstractLine:
Following the interpretation of bathymetric, geophysical, sedimentological and oceanographic data sets, a programme of


refAbstractLine:
close grid vibrocore sampling was undertaken over the eastern flank of Shingles Bank.


refAbstractLine:
A survey report for the length of the A3055 adjacent to the cliff top between Shipyard's and Small Chine. The


refAbstractLine:
stratigraphy, lithology and structure of the outcropping geology is described, followed by an account of superficial


refAbstractLine:
deposits; cliff top and face morphology and surface drainage; rock and sediment permeability, and an assessment


refAbstractLine:
of slope stability in the Small Chine area. Possibilities for remedial works are suggested.


refAbstractLine:
Comment on condition of seawall and groynes, and recommendation on repair and maintenance. A benefit: cost


refAbstractLine:
A review of the general station at the site in terms of coastal geology, beach and hydraulic regime, followed by a


refAbstractLine:
detailed assessment of the present condition of the seawall, revetment and groyne. Recommendations for repair and


refAbstractLine:
These two reports examine the existing defence structures, beach conditions and incident waves, and proceed to assess


refAbstractLine:
in more detail the physical conditions of seawall and groynes. Design characteristics, environmental impacts,


refAbstractLine:
estimated costs and scheme justification of recommended remedial work are given.


refAbstractLine:
Report on the current condition of the sea-wall at Yaverland, emphasising constructional and material


refAbstractLine:
integrity. Options and recommendations relating to repair and possible encasement of one section are given. There are


refAbstractLine:
brief comment on adjacent groynes and beach levels in inter-groyne compartments.


refAbstractLine:
A review of the existing condition of the sea-wall, with recommendation and renewal of defensive elements


refAbstractLine:
An assessment of the concepts and tasks of management, concluding with a series of recommendations on future


refAbstractLine:
A description of the stratigraphy of solid geology and regolith and an evaluation of slope stability. Evaluation is


refAbstractLine:
in the context of proposed insertion of defences and their contribution to cliff toe loading; subsequent conditions


refAbstractLine:
A comprehensive descriptive guide to the biophysical environment, landscape character and activities, facilities


refAbstractLine:
and management of Chichester Harbour, written from the perspective of residents, users, owners, and visitors.


refAbstractLine:
Includes maps and annotated chart diagrams.


refAbstractLine:
Original chart and manuscript provide a description of a specially commissioned survey of all harbours between


refAbstractLine:
Land's End and Dover with the potential for development. The account outlines the shape of the harbour and the navigation


refAbstractLine:
channels at and offshore the harbour exit. It concludes that shifting bars make it totally unsuitable as a dockyard site.


refAbstractLine:
Random wave physical model tests have been conducted to optimise the design of coast protection work at Bonchurch.


refAbstractLine:
Various layouts of an offshore breakwater and 2 groynes combined with beach replenishment have been tested under a


refAbstractLine:
range of wave conditions up to those with a probability of being exceeded once in 50 years. The layout of the scheme


refAbstractLine:
has been optimised to provide protection for an unstable area of cliffs. The primary protection is provided by a


refAbstractLine:
shingle beach, which is in itself maintained by the rock structures


refAbstractLine:
A detailed inspection of the internal and external construction conditions of Fort Albert, and an assessment of


refAbstractLine:
the stability of the structure in the context of the integrity of existing coast protection measures


refAbstractLine:
An evaluation of shoreline protection between the Foreland and Bembridge Point, providing a review of


refAbstractLine:
defence/protection work in recent years; a summary of the geomorphological characteristics, wave climate and sediment


refAbstractLine:
transport; recent changes affecting beach levels revealed by successive surveys, options for future protection and their


refAbstractLine:
An evaluation report relating to rainfall, groundwater levels and slope stability. There are recommendations


refAbstractLine:
concerning the installation and monitoring of piezometers and movement stakes, and the further development of the


refAbstractLine:
landslide management strategy previously activated.


refAbstractLine:
Site description covering land use, geology, coastal processes and existing defences, followed by an overview of


refAbstractLine:
Report on the recent conditions of seawall at Monks Bay, and the nature of beach and foreshore, together with detailed


refAbstractLine:
assessment of current position regarding physical condition of the seawall at all points. Recommendations relating to


refAbstractLine:
Report on the geological conditions, slopes and surface/sub-surface drainage at the site of Fort Albert and


refAbstractLine:
Background to previous analysis of options available for coast protection, and benefit; cost calculations; a


refAbstractLine:
re-assessment of benefits and options suggests that the former are small. There is an option for a limited scheme


refAbstractLine:
incorporating beach nourishment and groyne insertion.


refAbstractLine:
The coastline between Hurst Spit and Weymouth is divided into 6 units and an account is given, for each, of coastal


refAbstractLine:
planform in relation to geology, wave climate and Holocene sea-level rise.


refAbstractLine:
A study of the eastern and southern coastlines of the "Isle" of Purbeck which evaluates coastal landform development in


refAbstractLine:
terms of geological controls, contemporary geomorphological processes and the concept of landform evolution.


refAbstractLine:
A review of the physical site conditions, including contemporary protection structures and strategies, is


refAbstractLine:
followed by an detailed examination of the nature and extent of coastal defence problems and their perceived


refAbstractLine:
causes. A rock groyne scheme is recommended as the preferred option, and design parameters are specified.


refAbstractLine:
Physical model tests were undertaken in a random wave flume to optimise the design of coast protection works proposed


refAbstractLine:
for Elmer. During the study measurements were made of wave topping discharges for the existing and proposed


refAbstractLine:
defences, and also of beach profile changes. Schemes tested revolved around the provision of rock armouring to the


refAbstractLine:
existing sea defences, and also on the use of offshore breakwaters to minimise overtopping discharges


refAbstractLine:
Photographic record taken as part of programme of beach stability analysis, 1985-1990; sequence of 15 occasions.


refAbstractLine:
Presentation of results of three surveys of both beaches during the stated period, including a calculation of volume


refAbstractLine:
of sediment removed from Monmouth Beach to replenish the Marine Parade Beach (March 1992). This accords well with


refAbstractLine:
independent data. The background to, and reasons for, the establishment of a routine monitoring programme focusing on


refAbstractLine:
beach volumes and accretion patterns is given as an introduction.


refAbstractLine:
A review and digest of the literature is followed by a précis of the principal geological and geomorphological


refAbstractLine:
characteristics of Black Ven. The dynamics of movement are considered on the basis of evidence of instability over the


refAbstractLine:
past 80 years, using documentary evidence. Previously unpublished data on scales and frequencies of movement are


refAbstractLine:
used as a basis for an assessment of stability conditions.


refAbstractLine:
An account of the flooding of Chiswell on 13 March 1979, and its implications


refAbstractLine:
Engineering design parameters and some construction details of Ferry Bridge, at the Mouth of the Fleet


refAbstractLine:
A series of tables, figures and graphs presenting the results of geotechnical investigation prior to dredging the


refAbstractLine:
approach channel to Lymington. Data includes annotated profiles of 22 shallow borehole sections to the east of the


refAbstractLine:
river entrance, and data on moisture content; bulk and dry densities; plasticity; Atterberg limits and particle size


refAbstractLine:
This report comprises the first phase of a Tidal and Sea-Level research programme formulated by SCOPAC to meet


refAbstractLine:
future needs for improved basic information. It compiles details of available tidal, geological and archaeological


refAbstractLine:
data, and evaluates their use for applied studies of relative sea-level rise (SLR) and the occurrence frequency


refAbstractLine:
of extremely high sea-levels. The report concentrates on the following:


refAbstractLine:
the important parameters and present understanding of them with respect to the SCOPAC coast.


refAbstractLine:
the measurements, data and analyses upon which this knowledge is based.


refAbstractLine:
the information gaps that are not available. - A comprehensive inventory of the sources, nature and


refAbstractLine:
availability of tidal and sea-level data. - The most appropriate options for Phase 2 studies, having


refAbstractLine:
Photographic record of cliff form, obtained on 15 occasions, 1985-1990, as part of programme of stability monitoring.


refAbstractLine:
Documentary based account of the location and relative significance of salt-manufacturing sites in eastern Dorset;


refAbstractLine:
there are also some details of the contemporary technology and organisation of the industry. Reconstruction of coastal


refAbstractLine:
brine pools and boiling houses is largely confined to sites marginal to Poole harbour


refAbstractLine:
Geology and hydrogeology of the site and a summary of landslip history and geotechnical observation preface a


refAbstractLine:
report of investigations into recent slope instability. Detailed geological and morphological observations are


refAbstractLine:
supplemented by analysis of sub- surface conditions based on samples obtained from a mechanically excavated trench.


refAbstractLine:
Causes of current movement are suggested, together with some remedial measures.


refAbstractLine:
Calculations of volumes of erosion using existing archives of data included in previous reports and updated by recent


refAbstractLine:
Description of geology and geohydrology of site; recent slope movements; previous investigations and surveys. These


refAbstractLine:
are used to assess vulnerability of cliff top zone to further movement and to make recommendations for the


refAbstractLine:
regrading of the upper cliff slope; extensive additions to both deep and shallow drainage of upper cliff zone; and


refAbstractLine:
protection of lower cliff. Cost estimates are provided.


refAbstractLine:
A review of existing ground investigation reports is followed by an assessment of available geotechnical


refAbstractLine:
investigation data and recommendations for additional site investigation of unstable slopes and proposed sewage outfall


refAbstractLine:
Recent investigations of a sequence of small slip events; description of geotechnical characteristics and properties


refAbstractLine:
of existing slope; recommended further investigations and remedial works.


refAbstractLine:
Geotechnical report on ground conditions adjacent to cliff top and in vicinity of existing buildings at Standfast.


refAbstractLine:
Data covers trialhole and borehole logs, laboratory test results on shear strength. Discussion is peripheral to


refAbstractLine:
Flume test and outline design work give conclusions regarding the physical properties and stability of the sea


refAbstractLine:
wall. This is presented in the context of the background to proposed works; alternative options, design data and initial


refAbstractLine:
Geological and topographical description, emphasising factors promoting slope instability, followed by a


refAbstractLine:
consideration of triggers for the reactivation or regression of existing landslides; analysis of mechanisms promoting


refAbstractLine:
slides, and estimation of future slip activity based on geotechnical evaluation and historical patterns of


refAbstractLine:
An inventory and assessment of current sea defences along the coastal frontage falling to the responsibility of West


refAbstractLine:
An investigation of coastal problems at Ringstead Bay, instigated by the effects of storms between December 1989


refAbstractLine:
and February 1990. Available data is noted, together with a review of the morphology of the beach and the nature and


refAbstractLine:
condition of current defences. General geological and geomorphological conditions are summarised; an estimation of


refAbstractLine:
wave conditions during storms and factors promoting storm surge (in general, theoretical terms) prefaces a concluding


refAbstractLine:
discussion of possible options for future protection.


refAbstractLine:
A review of local geology and geomorphological literature provides baseline knowledge of landslide conditions at this


refAbstractLine:
site. This is followed by a report of a resistivity survey, highlighting the principle instability zones at the cliff


refAbstractLine:
top, enabling comparison with subsurface data. An acoustic transmission survey, using small boreholes, demonstrated the


refAbstractLine:
excessive variability of near-surface disturbed material. Larger boreholes and an inspection trench provided


refAbstractLine:
geophysical data on index parameters that revealed the landslip to be part of a fossil mudflow complex. This is


refAbstractLine:
confirmed by analysis of moisture distribution and comparison with an active mudflow at the cliff toe. Recent


refAbstractLine:
movement is interpreted as activation of the wettest part of the mudflow by coast erosion, perpendicular to the original


refAbstractLine:
direction of movement. Two optional remedial programmes are suggested as part of a more comprehensive stability system.


refAbstractLine:
These are: (i) exclusion of groundwater via deep cut-off trenches, and (ii) removal of groundwater in unstable area


refAbstractLine:
using close-spaced boreholes. Both approaches require regrading of the upper cliff.


refAbstractLine:
A general statement of the geological background to the need for coast protection, with a brief assessment of the recent


refAbstractLine:
condition of seawall structures. Much of the paper is a synopsis of the history of Lyme Regis, providing a backcloth


refAbstractLine:
to 2 further papers presented in sequence (abstracted separately).


refAbstractLine:
Abstract to accompany poster presentation


refAbstractLine:
Aerial views of the coastline and harbours, Anvil Point to Beachey Head, with commentary relating to natural landforms,


refAbstractLine:
natural history and historical contemporary settlements and development. Photographs include both vertical and oblique


refAbstractLine:
Particle size analysis of beach sediment samples obtained in 1974


refAbstractLine:
Since 1990, the RCHME has been charged with the creation and maintenance of a record of archaeological heritage in


refAbstractLine:
British territorial waters (up to 1945). A pilot project commenced in 1991, drawing heavily on the experience of the


refAbstractLine:
Isle of Wight Maritime Sites and Monuments Register, to create a data standard for national application. Test sites


refAbstractLine:
in the Solent and Poole Bay have been used to elaborate the format for recording the inventory. Emphasis is on wreck and


refAbstractLine:
submerged land sites, covering environmental data of the vicinity as well as artefactual data. Information is taken


refAbstractLine:
from existing data sources and from amateur divers, fishermen and other users of the nearshore/offshore zone. A


refAbstractLine:
Dive into History proforma has been created for their use.


refAbstractLine:
3 tracer experiments which provide estimates of the coefficient of proportionality (K) for the longshore


refAbstractLine:
sediment transport of pebbles in the CERC equation are reconsidered. The values are 7 to 100 times lower than on


refAbstractLine:
sandy beaches. The limitations of these results and practical problems of quantitative tracer studies on shingle


refAbstractLine:
Coverage of 1992 aerial photography is limited to coastline between White Nothe and Redcliff Point.


refAbstractLine:
An evaluation of the potential of eastern Christchurch Bay for the abstraction of marine aggregate is described. The


refAbstractLine:
report provides information on the following: (i) the geological setting of the area, to define the


refAbstractLine:
underlying geology;  (ii) the bathymetry and the distribution of the surficial


refAbstractLine:
sediments over the area, together with an assessment of the mobility of the material - on the basis of the analysis of


refAbstractLine:
side-scan sonar imagery; (iii) the thickness of the superficial sediment cover, determined on the basis of high


refAbstractLine:
resolution sub-bottom profiling; and (iv) limited information on the tidal currents over the area. The


refAbstractLine:
results show that a major coarse-grained sediment 'sink', the Shingles Bank, lies within the area under investigation.


refAbstractLine:
The deposit is of substantial thickness being more than 12m thick on the eastern side of the bank. `Ground truth' data


refAbstractLine:
(i.e. vibracoring) are needed before a final assessment can be presented. The estimated quantity of gravel (flint


refAbstractLine:
nodules) within the Shingles Bank area, based upon the interpretation of the geophysical data alone, is over


refAbstractLine:
Investigations have revealed a third / early fourth century Romano-British sandy layer, sealing an undated ditch


refAbstractLine:
containing 50mm of acid valley bog peat. The pottery assemblage suggests a nearby settlement; timber has survived


refAbstractLine:
in the anaerobic waterlogged conditions of the site. The level of the site at -1.01m is compared with the modern


refAbstractLine:
highest astronomical tide of +1.66m, thereby suggesting a relative sea-level rise since late Romano-British times.


refAbstractLine:
Particle size analysis of material dredged from the entrance and approach to Poole Harbour, and applied to beach


refAbstractLine:
replenishment along the Bournemouth frontage.


refAbstractLine:
An explanation of the methodology used in the particle-size analysis of beach sediment samples, reported in subsequent


refAbstractLine:
reports (separately entered on this Database). This is an interim or provisional report only: using data collected in


refAbstractLine:
Geological and geotechnical descriptions and interpretations of exposures at back scarp, mudslide and toe of landslide,


refAbstractLine:
above seawall. Comparison is made of plan of slip in June 1978. Samples and ground levels were obtained within four


refAbstractLine:
A survey of the bathymetry; tidal regime; salinity; pH; Cg/Mg concentrations; temperature of the water mass; bottom


refAbstractLine:
sediments and vegetation of the Fleet based on fieldwork carried out between 1967 and 1969.


refAbstractLine:
Account of the construction history of the major breakwater enclosing Portland Harbour, 1849-1872.


refAbstractLine:
3 plans at 1:1250, including cross-sections at Chesil Beach in immediate vicinity of Ferrybridge Channel (February and


refAbstractLine:
A draft statement outlining the principles of management policy; future policy and detailed proposals


refAbstractLine:
Chapter 7 ("Coast and Harbour") provides an introduction and background to the Solent coastline and Portsmouth Harbour;


refAbstractLine:
planning policy objectives, proposals and policies relating to water-related uses; public access; environmental


refAbstractLine:
improvements; reclamation; commercial fishing; marinas and moorings; slipways; flood defence and a statement (policy


refAbstractLine:
CH12) relating to Coastal Zone Policy Area (Stokes Bay)


refAbstractLine:
Chapter 1 (pp13-23) covers the countryside and coastline, and discusses planning policy objectives and conservation of


refAbstractLine:
SSSI and NRA sites between Lepe and Lymington River


refAbstractLine:
Chapter 3, Coast and Countryside, includes a brief review of the character of the borough coastline (to LWM), from the


refAbstractLine:
eastern side of Hamble River to Hill Head; and 3 miles of NW Portsmouth Harbour. Policy objectives for landscape


refAbstractLine:
management are stated including local SSS1 and Hook/Warsash LNR.


refAbstractLine:
Recent breaching and flooding; formation of the spit; hydrodynamic regime; offshore dredging; history of coast


refAbstractLine:
protection measures; short and long term remedial measures; recommended research


refAbstractLine:
Emphasis on the survey of subtidal communities, but environmental factors controlling community ecology were also


refAbstractLine:
sampled. These include; sediments, water salinity's and temperatures.


refAbstractLine:
Chapter 4 is concerned with the countryside and coast, and covers policy objectives applying to landscape and nature


refAbstractLine:
conservation; agriculture and minerals. An integrated policy for the designated Coast Green Belt (Highcliffe to


refAbstractLine:
Lymington River) is summarised. Coastline is mostly SSSI's (Highcliffe to Milford Cliffs, Hurst Castle; Keyhaven


refAbstractLine:
Introductory section covers nature conservation, which is partially related to coastal sites, and a proposed extension


refAbstractLine:
of the Chichester Harbour AONB. Chapter 4 discusses policy principles and objectives relating to conservation in


refAbstractLine:
Chichester and Langstone Harbours; Chapter 7 looks at future policies of both coastal and countryside conservation.


refAbstractLine:
Coastal management policy objectives are set out in Chapter 9 (General Development and Design Guidelines), particularly pp


refAbstractLine:
99-103. Includes AONB of Chichester Harbours, and Ramsar status of Chichester Harbour


refAbstractLine:
Includes reported and original survey data on bathymetry, bottom sediments, salinity gradients, tidal regime pH;


refAbstractLine:
seasonal vegetation ; Cg/Mg concentrations.


refAbstractLine:
A summary of the historical trends of coastline change (1870 - 1965); contemporary morpho-dynamic character and coastline


refAbstractLine:
defences. The latter emphasises sediment transport cells; erosion of clay cliffs; retreat of shingle beaches; urban


refAbstractLine:
sea walls and saltmarshes/muddy foreshores.


refAbstractLine:
A survey of the flora on Chesil, including sample data on substrate/including humus context, disturbance of surface


refAbstractLine:
Spatial and temporal variability of pH, conductivity, C, Mg, and K concentrations over a tidal cycle at 12 sampled sites


refAbstractLine:
An outline of the concept and design of a multi-functional sea wall, storm water storage tank, inlet sewer, and access


refAbstractLine:
bridge deck between Church Cliff jetty and Cobb Gate. Details are summarised in accompanying diagrams.


refAbstractLine:
Pre-contract planning discussions, particularity with reference to traffic management, and a note on funding, are


refAbstractLine:
This report provides a summary of a research project into the mobility, and transport, on sediment on the seabed of


refAbstractLine:
the south coast of England, east of the Isle of Wight. The objective of the study was to provide information in a form


refAbstractLine:
that was suitable for use by those wishing to ensure that the potential impacts of dredging the sand and gravel


refAbstractLine:
deposits in the area are understood, and also by those with responsibilities for coast protection and sea defence.


refAbstractLine:
The study involved a review of existing data, field surveys, laboratory tests, and numerical modelling. From this work, a


refAbstractLine:
considerable amount of information has been gathered together, concerning the distribution of seabed sediments


refAbstractLine:
and bed forms within the study region, and also on the tidal currents and the wave climate.


refAbstractLine:
This numerical modelling of the hydraulic regime has produced a considerable volume of useful information, which


refAbstractLine:
in itself will prove valuable to those managing the coasts or operating in near-shore waters along the central south


refAbstractLine:
coasts of England.  By drawing together results from the numerical calculations


refAbstractLine:
on the mobility of sediment, and from an analysis of the information on seabed forms and the distribution of


refAbstractLine:
sediments, it has been possible to indicate areas of the seabed where sediment is either immobile, or moving very


refAbstractLine:
rarely. In other parts of the region, where the seabed sediments are moved more frequently by the waves and


refAbstractLine:
currents, an interpretation of the likely transport paths is provided.


refAbstractLine:
Report on the hydrodynamic survey of the Fleet and the effects of the abstraction of cooling water from the Fleet.


refAbstractLine:
Includes description of bathymetry of Fleet, tidal regime (based partly on automatic tide gauge records from eight


refAbstractLine:
stations) and salinity values. No movement of silt was reported, but may be expected under severe wave/wind


refAbstractLine:
disturbance. Appendices include cross-sections of Chesil in vicinity of sites under investigation; and tidal height


refAbstractLine:
The section on General Survey summarises topographic, geological, pedological and climatic conditions. Section 3.1


refAbstractLine:
reviews ecological land types and habitats; 3.2 bathymetry, tides, tidal currents; salinity and pH; temperature of Fleet


refAbstractLine:
A comprehensive survey based on random sampling during mid summer with the objective of providing a detailed map of the


refAbstractLine:
distribution of both species, and thus provide a baseline to assess the stability of different dependent populations.


refAbstractLine:
An overview of the physiognomy, ecological status of zostera (Eel Grass), together with accounts of its recent


refAbstractLine:
distributional changes at various locations in England and their possible causes. Virtually everywhere Eel Grass has


refAbstractLine:
shown significant decline since the beginning of the century.


refAbstractLine:
Maps and plans of bathymetric survey at 1:1250; no accompanying Report. Update on earlier survey of 22-27 July


refAbstractLine:
Detailed review of the hydrodynamic and geological environments in the vicinity of the proposed `Alternative


refAbstractLine:
Scheme' of enhanced shore protection. These include replenishment of Marine Parade Beach by material taken from


refAbstractLine:
Monmouth Beach; records extending over 200 years indicate net accretion on Monmouth Beach and very little change in


refAbstractLine:
bed levels in Lyme Harbour. The removal of the post-1970 tombola behind the North Wall will be beneficial to sediment


refAbstractLine:
The relationships between major sediment inputs, transfers, outputs and stores for gravel beaches at Charmouth, Seatown


refAbstractLine:
and Eype is analysed in the framework of a littoral zone sediment budget. The main input of gravel derives from


refAbstractLine:
backscar degradation and the release of gravel to landslide debris, and its longer-term transfer to cliff-foot beaches.


refAbstractLine:
Cliff-toe erosion accelerates the rate of input. Documentary evidence permits calculation of cliff retreat rates and


refAbstractLine:
estimates of gravel volumes released to beaches, or currently in transit. Landslide systems resist change


refAbstractLine:
through complex negative feedbacks, with zones of active landsliding migrating in the direction of longshore drift.


refAbstractLine:
Shingle volume increases eastwards on each beach, suggesting net eastwards flow. Pebble roundness and sphericity also


refAbstractLine:
increases eastwards, indicating that the beaches were formerly connected. Littoral drift rates were measured


refAbstractLine:
experimentally and rates computed. Budgetary analysis reveals that the western part of the beach system has high


refAbstractLine:
sediment throughput. The possible evolution of the coastline east to Chesil suggests substantial supply from cliff


refAbstractLine:
erosion to the west, but the Chesil sink retains a volume of sediment that indicates that it developed as a barrier beach


refAbstractLine:
Illustration and analysis of a sequence of 15 sets of photographs, 1985-1990


refAbstractLine:
A documentary narrative of the sequential development of Hurst Castle, at the distal point of Hurst Castle Spit.


refAbstractLine:
These are incidental references to site conditions and shoreline change, with a brief acknowledgement of shore


refAbstractLine:
protection methods and strategies. Documentary sources are referenced.


refAbstractLine:
Scale drawings of 4 borehole logs to -30 ft. O.D.


refAbstractLine:
The changes which occurred on the Hampshire coastline in the period 1870-1965 are identified from a comparison of


refAbstractLine:
large-scale Ordnance Survey maps. The types of change are classified into 6 categories - erosion, accretion, lateral


refAbstractLine:
movement of spits, reclamation, loss of land and narrowing or widening of the intertidal zone. In addition to cliff and


refAbstractLine:
beach erosion, narrowing of the intertidal area emerges as a major change which has taken place on many parts of the


refAbstractLine:
Hampshire coast. Changes in the most dynamic sections of the coast are analysed for trends and patterns of variation and


refAbstractLine:
some rates of erosion are presented, derived from measurements on 1:2500 scale maps.


refAbstractLine:
The present study is concerned with the gravel transport in Eastern Christchurch Bay. The reasons of the selection of


refAbstractLine:
that area are the following:  -there are extensive (and thick in places) gravel deposits;


refAbstractLine:
-the area is highly dynamic, with very complex bottom topography and hydrodynamic regime; and,


refAbstractLine:
-any information derived for the sediment dynamics of the area will be of great importance to the local authorities;


refAbstractLine:
it may enhance our understanding of gravel movement. The following problems will be considered:


refAbstractLine:
(i) identification of the sedimentary environment and its evolution, on a long term basis;


refAbstractLine:
(ii) the collection of information on the net sediment transport, derived using conventional methods; and


refAbstractLine:
(iii) the study of the small-scale processes, which relate the instantaneous transport rates to superimposed flow


refAbstractLine:
characteristics. The methods which will be used are: -mapping the physical sedimentary environment and finding


refAbstractLine:
its evolution through recent history; -identification and interpretation of the spatial


refAbstractLine:
distribution of the surficial sediments; -study of the Holocene history of the area, through shallow


refAbstractLine:
seismic profiling;  -study of the sedimentary structures and their spatial and


refAbstractLine:
temporal distribution, relative to the flow characteristics; -study of the hydro-dynamic regime (tidal currents and the


refAbstractLine:
wind generated waves); and  -measurements of the instantaneous sediment transport rates,


refAbstractLine:
in selected areas.  This report is concerned with the following subjects:


refAbstractLine:
(i) an extensive review of previous studies on gravel transport under the influence of currents, waves and


refAbstractLine:
combined flow; this has been considered necessary, because it will define the method to be used in the study of


refAbstractLine:
small-scale short-term processes. Particular attention is given here to difficulties and the discrepancies between the


refAbstractLine:
theoretical or laboratory-derived expressions and the observed in-situ;    (ii) a


refAbstractLine:
review of the previous studies carried out in the Christchurch Bay area, to obtain an outline of the regional


refAbstractLine:
physical environment;      (iii) a description of the acquisition and processing of


refAbstractLine:
data obtained so far;      (iv) interpretation of the data obtained, relating to


refAbstractLine:
sediment transport patterns; and     (v) an outline of future research


refAbstractLine:
An introduction to the geology of the Gosport peninsula is followed by an analysis of those areas of the Borough under


refAbstractLine:
threat of flooding arising from scenarios for sea-level rise for 2050 AD and 2100 AD. An inventory of the existing


refAbstractLine:
coastal protection structures discusses their current condition and their vulnerability to projected sea-level


refAbstractLine:
rise. The last part of the study examines the possible impacts of given levels of sea-level rise on the storm water


refAbstractLine:
sewer system and three catchment areas. A concluding section makes certain recommendations on defence options.


refAbstractLine:
A detailed survey of the condition of defence and protection structures along 9kms of the coastline managed by Fareham


refAbstractLine:
Borough Council. Major informational elements include full description and photographic record; assessment of the state


refAbstractLine:
of repair of defences; cost estimates for repairs, improvements, maintenance and monitoring; recommendations


refAbstractLine:
for new defence provision, and a suggested priority programme for coast defence strategy and capital works


refAbstractLine:
expenditure over the next five years. Site-specific details under the above headings are provided in a sequence of


refAbstractLine:
appendices, relating to seven discrete frontages; five are within the NW part of Portsmouth Harbour; one at Hill Head


refAbstractLine:
Sediment transport patterns and equilibrium conditions of three tidal inlet systems (i.e. Christchurch, Langstone and


refAbstractLine:
Yangpu Harbours - China) are investigated. Various approaches to the study are adopted:(1) sediment transport


refAbstractLine:
rates are calculated on the basis of the empirical equations of Madsen and Grant (1976), Gadd et al.(1978) and Vincent et


refAbstractLine:
al. (1981); (2) an original model for grain size trend analysis (McLaren and Bowles 1985) is modified for use in


refAbstractLine:
shallow marine environments, based on identification of `transport vectors' and a `critical vector length'; (3) a


refAbstractLine:
mathematical model is developed to simulate movement of natural trace sediments, from the continental shelf to the


refAbstractLine:
tidal basin; and (4) an analytical approach to inlet equilibrium is developed, based upon mass conversion of


refAbstractLine:
water and sediment. Data sets for the application of these methods are derived from


refAbstractLine:
geophysical surveys, analyses of sediment samples, tidal cycle observations, and long-term monitoring of water levels


refAbstractLine:
and suspended sediment concentrations.  In the entrance to Christchurch Harbour,


refAbstractLine:
significant velocity asymmetry is present, which results in the seaward transport of sediment under the combined action


refAbstractLine:
of currents and waves (without considering longshore drift). Net sand transport is directed, however, to landward


refAbstractLine:
according to the trace sediment exchange model. Significant grain size trends exist in Christchurch and


refAbstractLine:
Yangpu Harbours. In the entrance to Christchurch, net transport is landward, in agreement with the pattern defined


refAbstractLine:
by the trace sediment exchange model. Within the harbour, the trends show seaward and landward transport in the south


refAbstractLine:
and north respectively. In Yangpu Harbour, landward transport in the inner part of the tidal basin, seaward


refAbstractLine:
transport in the entrance and clockwise circulation outside the harbour have been identified.  Equilibrium


refAbstractLine:
conditions of the three inlet systems indicate that Christchurch is wave-dominated and characterised by a small


refAbstractLine:
cross-section area, whilst Langstone and Yangpu show tidal dominance and larger cross-sectional areas. Thus, the degree


refAbstractLine:
of stability of Christchurch Harbour is lower than that of the other two inlets.


refAbstractLine:
It is concluded that: (i) application of the grain size trend analysis to marine environments requires sampling


refAbstractLine:
intervals large enough to reflect the real grain size trends resulting from sediment transport, but small compared with


refAbstractLine:
the dimensions of the sedimentary environment; (ii) the model for trace sediment exchange developed here can be used


refAbstractLine:
to identify net transport patterns in estuaries and tidal inlets, overcoming the difficulty of using the mere presence


refAbstractLine:
of the tracer as an indicator of net transport; and (iii) as a modification of the classical O'Brien (1969) and Bruun


refAbstractLine:
methods, inlet equilibrium and stability conditions should be related to sediment transport patterns and other factors


refAbstractLine:
(in addition to the tidal prism and, in the Bruun method, the longshore sediment transport rate).


refAbstractLine:
1) New Forest District Council, for their Hurst Spit Stabilisation Scheme, are considering options involving


refAbstractLine:
recycling shingle from Shingles Banks to Hurst Spit, and have already undertaken considerable research and


refAbstractLine:
consultation work. 2) Posford Duvivier were commissioned to undertake an engineering


refAbstractLine:
feasibility study of the shingle recycling options relating to four preferred extraction sites on the Shingles Bank, and


refAbstractLine:
subsequent placement along Hurst Spit, together with costing of the most practical option.


refAbstractLine:
3) The results of the feasibility study are summarised as- a) The replenishment operation is best undertaken by a


refAbstractLine:
hopper dredging vessel, pumping directly ashore by a pipeline. b) The dredging area should be that


refAbstractLine:
part of the preferred area adjacent to the buoyed navigational channel. c) The use of a


refAbstractLine:
medium size dredging vessel (nominal hopper capacity 2500 cum..) enables pumping positions to be located in the North


refAbstractLine:
Channel.  d) Such pumping positions adjacent to the replenishment length


refAbstractLine:
of Hurst Spit eliminates the need for further floating plant to provide additional pumping power.


refAbstractLine:
e) The replenishment operations are likely to take about two months if the work is undertaken in the Summer.


refAbstractLine:
f) For replenishment of Hurst Spit with 250,000 cum.. of shingle dredged from Shingles Bank, a budget price of 1.5


refAbstractLine:
million pounds, excluding royalties should be allowed.


refAbstractLine:
This investigation is concerned with: (i) understanding the historical development of saltmarsh


refAbstractLine:
systems (ii) establishing patterns of sediment and water movement, and (iii) examining present-day rates and causes


refAbstractLine:
of erosion and accretion.  The region is hydronomically active, in terms of tidal


refAbstractLine:
currents and waves. Ebb tide currents dominate the central channel of the West Solent and the saltmarsh edge coincides


refAbstractLine:
with strong easterly winds and ebb currents. There is, therefore, active exchange of fine-grained mud from the edge


refAbstractLine:
of the saltmarsh to the offshore. Coarse sand/gravels are moved offshore, from the central channel.


refAbstractLine:
Erosion along the edge of the saltmarsh and the inter-subtidal zones are around 4-5m/yr and 2-4m/yr


refAbstractLine:
respectively. In contrast, the surface of the saltmarsh is accumulating at a rate of 2-5mm/yr. Overall, the region is


refAbstractLine:
losing saltmarsh at a rate of 3600 sq. m/yr.: 68% by erosion along the West Solent and 32% due to the landward movement


refAbstractLine:
of Hurst Spit.  It is recommended that particular consideration should be


refAbstractLine:
given to erosion along the edge of the saltmarsh. A possible protection measure could be the installation of brushwood


refAbstractLine:
groynes on the inter-tidal zone, with backfill between them and the eroding edge of the marsh. A small-scale trial of


refAbstractLine:
this, and other remedial measures should be attempted.


refAbstractLine:
Recent research into The Fleet sediments has been prompted by the unique geomorphological relationship of the lagoon


refAbstractLine:
with Chesil Beach. The sediments which floor the Fleet represent a sediment trap implying an infill from the


refAbstractLine:
Portland Harbour area, and not from the west ahead of an advancing Chesil. Of 25 planned, some 23 boreholes were sunk


refAbstractLine:
(1990-1993) to a maximum depth of -5.62m OD, and 21 cores analysed for their stratigraphical composition. This


refAbstractLine:
includes petrology, mineralogy, geochemistry, magnetic susceptibility using techniques of laser granulometry,


refAbstractLine:
scanning electron microscopy and EDAX Analyses, mineral magnetic analyses, (molspin magnetometer, and pulse


refAbstractLine:
magnetiser), Calcimetry, and wet and dry bulk densities. Two cores have been analysed in greater detail, on which some


refAbstractLine:
radio carbon dating of peat and other organic remains has been done, together with the examination, classification and


refAbstractLine:
analyses of ostracods and diatoms. A pollen analysis has yet to be completed. Further radio carbon dating of cores over


refAbstractLine:
the longitudinal cross-section is also planned which should confirm the probable diachronous nature of sedimentary


refAbstractLine:
deposition. Stratigraphic horizons in the lateral and longitudinal cross-sections have been tentatively


refAbstractLine:
reconstructed and are offered herewith. Inferences are drawn on the sedimentary infill of the Fleet Lagoon and its


refAbstractLine:
evolutionary history related to Flandrian relative sea-level changes, and with that of Chesil Beach itself. This paper is


refAbstractLine:
a summary of research in progress for a D.Phil. at the School of Geography, University Of Oxford.


refAbstractLine:
Research carried out at various sites in England and Wales in the 1980's has contributed growing realisation that


refAbstractLine:
inter-tidal and inshore archaeological features can carry special chronological value for research and assessment of


refAbstractLine:
coastal erosion. Recent intertidal fieldwork in the Solent, notably at the mouth of Wootton Haven and the adjacent


refAbstractLine:
foreshore, is described, ranging from Mesolithic to medieval. Coastal authorities need to be charged with the


refAbstractLine:
duty of obtaining and assessing intertidal and offshore archaeological data as input to coastal planning and


refAbstractLine:
protection strategies. Examples from elsewhere in the SCOPAC region support this argument.


refAbstractLine:
The biophysical characteristics of the authority's coastline are outlined, inclusive of existing protection and defence


refAbstractLine:
structures. Human uses such as recreation and tourism; marine industries, the scale and impact of pollution and the


refAbstractLine:
functional roles of shoreline protection/conservation are considered separately and then collectively in the context


refAbstractLine:
of development and planning control. General issues and policy implementation form the concluding sections. Appendix


refAbstractLine:
A lists some site and issue specific considerations.


refAbstractLine:
A brief report on the feasibility of altering the beaches at Bognor Regis. A review of the present situation is followed


refAbstractLine:
by an evaluation of options, particularly the construction of sandy beaches at potentially suitable locations. The


refAbstractLine:
removal of shingle from amenity beaches is not recommended as a short-term measure.


refAbstractLine:
A summary of the background to 1993 coast protection programme involving sea wall reconstruction, a harbour


refAbstractLine:
management plan for The Cobb and an upgrading of sewage effluent discharge offshore. Technical meetings and


refAbstractLine:
extensive public consultation resulted in the eventual acceptance and approval of the scheme. Coast protection


refAbstractLine:
works involve new sea walls; a rock armour revetment; removal of a sand bar; shingle beach nourishment, and jetty


refAbstractLine:
A factual report of the nature and status of shoreline management plans currently in operation or under active


refAbstractLine:
preparation. Plans should be based on administrative units but authorities should seek to work together in groupings


refAbstractLine:
appropriate to the sediment circulation cells identified in the `Coastal Sediment Transport Study' (1991). Credible and


refAbstractLine:
viable plans will require detailed knowledge of natural environmental conditions.


refAbstractLine:
This report describes a wave climate study undertaken for Worthing Borough Council. Existing wave prediction models


refAbstractLine:
for the area were calibrated and validated against wave measurements off Goring. Firstly the offshore climate was


refAbstractLine:
derived using Shoreham wind data from 1980 to 1990. This was then transformed to three inshore points along the Worthing


refAbstractLine:
frontage, allowing for refraction and shoaling. It is important to consider combinations of high water levels and


refAbstractLine:
large waves when there is concern over overtopping or damage to coastal defences. Consequently a joint probability


refAbstractLine:
analysis was carried out linking measured high tide levels to the predicted waves. Extreme conditions were calculated


refAbstractLine:
for a range of return periods for use in the design of sea defences. Finally recent overtopping events occurring during


refAbstractLine:
The study area lies directly to the east of the inlet channel to Pagham Harbour. The erosion is thought to be


refAbstractLine:
linked to the presence of the inlet and its ebb tidal delta. The area of erosion is small, 1km of beach front, but the


refAbstractLine:
rate of erosion was found to be high, up to 3m/yr at the maximum point. A series of investigations were carried out


refAbstractLine:
in order to ascertain the causes and identify rates and patterns of erosion. Analysis of beach profile data was


refAbstractLine:
carried out together with hydrographic, sedimentological and bathymetric surveys; wave refraction modelling was also


refAbstractLine:
undertaken. The results of analyses showed a small area of rapid, but decreasing, rate of erosion.


refAbstractLine:
Statistical analysis showed the erosion rate to be decreasing as a second order polynomial reaching a minimum


refAbstractLine:
in approx. 1995, although the centre of erosion is thought to be shifting eastwards. The area of erosion is bound


refAbstractLine:
either side by areas of accretion. To the west periods of accretion are interspersed with periods of erosion and are


refAbstractLine:
thought to be due to the migration of ebb tidal delta deposits which eventually weld to the shoreline. Net trends


refAbstractLine:
are accretive. To the east the beach shows steady accretion. The erosion is considered the result of the beach tending


refAbstractLine:
toward an equilibrium profile, in response to wave refraction, induced by the ebb tidal delta. This wave


refAbstractLine:
refraction causes a localised reversal of drift, towards the inlet, which produces the observed erosion. The ebb tidal


refAbstractLine:
delta has a marked effect on the local hydrodynamics and bathymetry and provides the Pagham beach front with


refAbstractLine:
protection from severe storm damage by dissipating wave energy.


refAbstractLine:
A solution to the erosion problem is not immediately apparent and requires further investigation. It is thought


refAbstractLine:
that in time the beach will reach a state of dynamic equilibrium with the local wave climate and erosion will


refAbstractLine:
After a brief review of the physical setting of the Undercliff, the various landslide hazards which affect it


refAbstractLine:
are considered. Information on their nature, location and incidence is collected, chiefly from the literature and


refAbstractLine:
newspaper reports; from geomorphological mapping in conjunction with air photo interpretation; from sub-surface


refAbstractLine:
investigations and from observations of distress to roads and buildings. The available results of movement monitoring


refAbstractLine:
of survey datums, cracks and shears are also presented. From this database, a preliminary landslide hazard zonation map


refAbstractLine:
for the whole Undercliff is made. Some ways in which this can be improved are discussed.


refAbstractLine:
A geomorphological map is presented, dictating the nature and extent of the different landslide types at Ventnor, and


refAbstractLine:
their inter-relationships. The features are the product of a sequence of phases of landsliding, and provide an indication


refAbstractLine:
of the extent of contemporary landslide activity. Preliminary stability analyses are presented, together with


refAbstractLine:
a generalised evolutionary model; the latter needs to be clarified by sub-surface investigation.


refAbstractLine:
Summary and Review of the components and principal conclusions of (a) the SCOPAC Sedimentation Database; (b)


refAbstractLine:
the SCOPAC Sediment Transport Study, and (c) the SCOPAC Sea-Level Rise and Global Warming Study. Conclusions stress


refAbstractLine:
the main research findings and briefly evaluate the advantages of the SCOPAC research approach.


refAbstractLine:
The Undercliff is the local name for a system of coastal landslides on the south coast of the Isle of Wight. Within


refAbstractLine:
the Undercliff, the landslides at St.Catherine's Point are among the most striking and best developed, and least


refAbstractLine:
affected by human activity. An old, deep-seated compound landslide, exhibiting a rearward slip, a graben-like feature


refAbstractLine:
and a seaward translation slide block, is fronted by an extensive debris apron. Continuing marine erosion is causing


refAbstractLine:
renewed sliding in the seaward parts of this apron, and very slight movements of the slide generally. Mudslides are


refAbstractLine:
active on the seaward slope of the side block. The paper describes investigations into the geomorphology, Quaternary


refAbstractLine:
history, engineering geology and geotechnics of the slide complex. These indicate that the slides were initiated by


refAbstractLine:
marine erosion occurring as a result of the recovery of sea-level towards its present elevation during the Flandrian


refAbstractLine:
transgression. The subsurface investigations show that the slides involve not only the Lower Chalk, Upper Greensand and


refAbstractLine:
Gault, but also the upper part of the Lower Greensand, the basal slip surface being seated in a clayey bed towards the


refAbstractLine:
base of the sandrock, approaching 50m below the base of the Gault. Piezometers and inclinometers have been installed in


refAbstractLine:
a series of boreholes, and the results from these instruments are summarised, together with those from


refAbstractLine:
laboratory testing. Back analyses of the present slide configuration are carried out. The late Quaternary history,


refAbstractLine:
dating and development of the slide are discussed, and a model for its possible future cyclic development, based


refAbstractLine:
partly upon evidence from other parts of the Undercliff, is presented.


refAbstractLine:
8 papers addressing a wide range of physio-technical, socio-economic and management aspects of the West Sussex


refAbstractLine:
coastline. (Papers relevant to this Database are separately abstracted)


refAbstractLine:
A study has been carried out on the mechanisms of movement in a mudslide and the inter-relationships between the


refAbstractLine:
controlling variables. Detailed monitoring has been conducted on a mudslide developed in the Wealden Beds, a Cretaceous


refAbstractLine:
mudrock. The parameters which govern the mudslide instability have been continuously monitored using electronic


refAbstractLine:
data logging techniques. Slip can be divided into four components: small `multiple' (stick slip) movements which


refAbstractLine:
are grouped temporally; gradual or `graded' slip within defined temporal limits; rapid `surge' events which occur


refAbstractLine:
over a short time interval and involve large displacements, and unexplained `random' movements. Each of these four


refAbstractLine:
components occurs with varying frequency and at different times in the seasonal record. Slip is usually separated by


refAbstractLine:
periods of little or no change. Each component of mudslide movement displays characteristic patterns of pore water


refAbstractLine:
After describing the nature and physical setting of the large coastal landslides which form the Undercliff, the


refAbstractLine:
historical development of ideas on their mechanisms is reviewed. The slides are shown to be essentially the product


refAbstractLine:
of the interaction between marine erosion, and the synclinal, seaward-dipping structure and detailed lithology


refAbstractLine:
of the Cretaceous rocks involved. The geomorphology of the slides is used with available sub-surface information to


refAbstractLine:
define the distribution of the various landslide types. The degree of symmetry of these about the synclinal axis and


refAbstractLine:
their dating and long-term cyclically are discussed.


refAbstractLine:
The town of Ventnor has been built on an ancient landslide complex. A geomorphological map of Ventnor is presented,


refAbstractLine:
indicating the nature and extent of the different landslide types and their inter-relationships. The paper demonstrates


refAbstractLine:
that these features are the product of a sequence of phases of landsliding and provides an indication of the extent of


refAbstractLine:
contemporary landslide activity. Preliminary stability analyses are presented, together with a generalised


refAbstractLine:
evolutionary model which needs to be clarified by sub-surface investigation.


refAbstractLine:
In 1987-88, landslide movement occurred seaward of Luccombe village, resulting in damage to a number of properties. They


refAbstractLine:
resulted in a significant extension of activity. Geomorphological mapping and historical records indicate


refAbstractLine:
that the Village was sited on an ancient landslide complex, and that three major phases of ground movement have occurred


refAbstractLine:
This paper is based on a two year investigation into the effects of apparent ground movement at Ventnor. The


refAbstractLine:
principles of building construction in the Bonchurch/Ventnor/St. Lawrence area are considered together


refAbstractLine:
with precautionary and remedial works to existing property. Comparisons are made with other areas affected by


refAbstractLine:
South Wight Borough Council is responsible for two-thirds of the IoW by area and manages a coastline of 87km within soft


refAbstractLine:
rocks of Cretaceous and later periods. These rocks have been affected by varying degrees of compression, uplift and


refAbstractLine:
folding. They are subject to severe coastal erosion and weathering in exposed areas. The varied geology, which in


refAbstractLine:
certain areas is composed of poorly lithified rocks interbedded with stronger horizons, is prone to a


refAbstractLine:
considerable degree of instability along some sections of the coastline.


refAbstractLine:
Following a brief description of the geology and structure of the IoW, the paper reviews the history of instability


refAbstractLine:
along its southern coasts from the Needles to Culver Cliff. (Although the Borough coastline includes part of the


refAbstractLine:
northern coast of the Island, this is not being considered within the scope of the paper. Although there are features


refAbstractLine:
of instability but their significance is considerably less than those of the southern Wight). After a discussion


refAbstractLine:
of important landsliding events, coastal erosion problems and resulting instability, the paper describes the role of


refAbstractLine:
the Borough Surveyor's Department of South Wight in relation to coastal matters citing case studies where appropriate.


refAbstractLine:
The Undercliff between Blackgang and Luccombe on the south coast is renowned for its spectacular scenery and a better


refAbstractLine:
understanding of its geological complexity is gradually being developed. The town of Ventnor, which is situated


refAbstractLine:
within the Undercliff, requires particular attention and day to day involvement in landslide management.


refAbstractLine:
The question of development and building control policy within this hillside town poses particularly interesting


refAbstractLine:
questions for town planners, engineers, surveyors and indeed the legal profession. Progress by the Council in this


refAbstractLine:
The Shanklin cliffs are a fine example of soft rock cliffs protected from marine erosion but still subject to


refAbstractLine:
degradational activity, albeit at a slow rate. Past development in the area has discounted the long-term


refAbstractLine:
evolutionary consequences of the slope movements, especially in respect of the outgrowth of the talus slope. The


refAbstractLine:
resulting planning and engineering problems are relevant to other cases of protected soft rock cliffs in urban areas.


refAbstractLine:
The scale and complexity of the landslide complex at Ventnor dictate that conventional engineering solutions to the


refAbstractLine:
contemporary instability problems are unlikely to be cost-effective. However, there is a clear need for the local


refAbstractLine:
community to come to terms with the potential problems and learn to live with the landslide. To this end a number of


refAbstractLine:
strategies have been advanced which involve the participation of the whole community: the planning


refAbstractLine:
authority, developers, local builders, insurance companies, the statutory services and the general public.


refAbstractLine:
The assessment of landslide hazard at Ventnor has necessitated the development of a new method for assessing


refAbstractLine:
the ground behaviour of an existing landslide complex. The method includes a thorough review of available records,


refAbstractLine:
detailed geomorphological mapping, land use, geological and damage surveys, the assessment of past movement rates and a


refAbstractLine:
model of the mechanisms and causes of landsliding. This paper describes the methods used to produce a map of ground


refAbstractLine:
behaviour, which has been based on the past distribution of landslide events, measured movement rates and the nature and


refAbstractLine:
intensity of structural damage within separate geomorphological units.


refAbstractLine:
The paper presents case studies of two notable storm surges in the English Channel, one propagating from the west and


refAbstractLine:
the other a North Sea surge penetrating the Channel from the east. Tide gauge data were analysed for various channel


refAbstractLine:
ports (Dover, Devenport, Newlyn) and residuals determined between predicted and observed levels. Residuals were


refAbstractLine:
filtered using a low-pass numerical method to remove most of the tidal modulation


refAbstractLine:
Storm surges in the English Channel are associated with the passage of intense depressions; they may propagate as free


refAbstractLine:
long waves at a speed similar to that of the astronomical tide, or the speed of the generative system.


refAbstractLine:
Externally-generated forms are the more substantial, propagating from west to east, reaching a maximum in


refAbstractLine:
mid-channel, and dying out rapidly eastwards. Channel surges do not appear to favour any particular part of the tidal


refAbstractLine:
A review of the factors influencing coastal instability, between Worthing and Christchurch, restricted to frontages


refAbstractLine:
managed by selected local authorities. Geology; wind, tidal and wave action, and sediment transport are very briefly


refAbstractLine:
reviewed in the context of factors causing past and contemporary erosion/ accretion.


refAbstractLine:
The paper is a discussion of the article by Jennings and Smyth (1990-Proc. Geol. Assoc. 101, 213-224). It proposes


refAbstractLine:
that littoral drift of shingle from West Sussex is a more likely source for the shingle accretion forms of East Sussex


refAbstractLine:
than the onshore transport model postulated by Jennings and Smyth (1990). A `master' sediment cell between Selsey Bill


refAbstractLine:
and Dungeness is proposed. Beachy Head is regarded as an episodic sub-cell boundary and the growth and erosion of the


refAbstractLine:
Crumbles shingle foreland is related to intermittent pulses of littoral drift input around this headland. The approach


refAbstractLine:
of the paper is theoretical and based upon existing information.


refAbstractLine:
The purpose of the study was to compose 3 years of tide gauge data from Bournemouth pier with the Admiralty


refAbstractLine:
predictions for the standard port (Portsmouth) deriving fresh differences as well as monitoring the fluctuations


refAbstractLine:
which are known to exist. Some observations are made on the spring/neap cycle, the quoted height differences, the effect


refAbstractLine:
of meteorological changes and the more unusual phenomena recorded during the study.


refAbstractLine:
Rising groundwater levels have been noted in several regions of the world, including a number of urban areas of the U.K.


refAbstractLine:
Brassington (1990) documents many of these cases, including that occurring at Fawley in Hampshire. Fawley is the site of


refAbstractLine:
the UK's largest oil refinery which, between 1951 and 1981, abstracted groundwater from the Whitecliff


refAbstractLine:
Sand(Bracklesham Group) confined aquifer via a number of deep boreholes. Groundwater abstraction of up to 6Ml/day


refAbstractLine:
between 1951 and 1971 lowered the groundwater level by around 50m, although the subsequent decline and cessation of


refAbstractLine:
pumping in the late 1970's and early 1980's has since lead to a substantial recovery. The main problems associated with


refAbstractLine:
rising groundwater levels in urban areas are: (i) flooding of basements and tunnels (ii) corrosion of buried concrete


refAbstractLine:
by aggressive groundwater (iii) Expansion of clays, resulting in ground surface heave (iv) reduction in shear


refAbstractLine:
strength of clays. None of these problems appears to have occurred at the Fawley refinery, however, and five hypotheses


refAbstractLine:
have been developed to attempt to explain this `lack' of problems. This presentation introduces these hypotheses and


refAbstractLine:
describes how they can be tested, as well as discussing the general geology, hydrogeology and pumping history at the


refAbstractLine:
The Undercliff on the southern coast of the Isle of Wight forms an extensive ancient landslide complex upon which the


refAbstractLine:
town of Ventnor is situated. Historical and contemporary ground movements within the area have been recorded although


refAbstractLine:
the distribution, frequency and magnitude of events is difficult to reconstruct. Intermittent movements in urban


refAbstractLine:
Ventnor are generally slight although the cumulative damage to roads, buildings and services is considerable. The


refAbstractLine:
retrospective analysis of past movements was therefore an important task in the geomorphological assessment of


refAbstractLine:
contemporary landslide hazard and behaviour.


refAbstractLine:
Annual statistical tables and commentary, covering pressure, wind direction, humidity, rainfall, temperature, sunshine


refAbstractLine:
The landslide of 1978 which led to the destruction of four properties at Gore Cliff was the latest in a series of


refAbstractLine:
movements which have affected this stretch of the Isle of Wight coastline between Blackgang Chine and Rocken End over


refAbstractLine:
at least the last two centuries. Investigations into the landslide showed that it was the reactivation of earlier


refAbstractLine:
slides with a basal slip surface controlled by bedding, and occurring at approximately 18m above the base of the


refAbstractLine:
Gault. Most of the slide debris comprised materials derived from the Upper Greensand, with the uppermost part of the


refAbstractLine:
Gault removed by previous slide movements. The paper describes the investigations into the geomorphology,


refAbstractLine:
history, engineering geology and geotechnics of the slide complex. Geotechnical investigations have included boreholes


refAbstractLine:
and piezometers, together with a laboratory test programme. Results of back analyses of the slide are compared with


refAbstractLine:
laboratory measured ring shear test results, and on the basis of this and other data, the cause of the landslide is


refAbstractLine:
inferred. The implications of the findings at Gore Cliff to the Undercliff generally are explored.


refAbstractLine:
Using combined current meter and acoustic measurements, detailed concurrent time series of instantaneous bedload


refAbstractLine:
transport rates and flow turbulence have been obtained. The duration, interval and magnitude of significant bedload


refAbstractLine:
transport events identified in the time series records are found to have non-standard probability density functions.


refAbstractLine:
The bedload time series are analysed statistically in two ways, each providing a method of simulating a series with


refAbstractLine:
characteristics similar to the observed data and each capable of estimating instantaneous and total bedload


refAbstractLine:
transport rates at the present study site.


refAbstractLine:
A review of the factors regulating global sea-level change addresses both long-term and recent historical trends and


refAbstractLine:
predictions for the next century. Various scenarios involving different assumptions concerning the greenhouse


refAbstractLine:
effect are summarised. Specific impacts on coastal processes and morphodynamics are considered with respect to open, wave


refAbstractLine:
dominated coasts (beaches, cliffs) and estuarine wetlands. The effects of shoreline protection structures -past,


refAbstractLine:
present and future- are also evaluated. A globally-based review of management and policy options is presented under


refAbstractLine:
the headings of retreat, accommodation and protection. Throughout the study, applications of theory, models and


refAbstractLine:
other argument to the specific conditions of the SCOPAC coastline are developed, although overall this study is


refAbstractLine:
Output from a hydrodynamic numerical model (Salomon & Breton 1991a, b) has been combined with various empirical formulae


refAbstractLine:
to derive sediment transport rates and directions. The predictions are compared with radioactive sand tracer


refAbstractLine:
experiments, demonstrating the applicability of Gadd et al's (1978) expression. The derived bedload transport pattern for


refAbstractLine:
the area is consistent with sedimentological and geomorphological evidence, but provides improved resolution.


refAbstractLine:
A `bedload parting zone' is identified for the central English Channel; this is well defined for sand movement, but


refAbstractLine:
seabed material present over this area (gravel) is not predicted to move significantly. The area is `non-erosive',


refAbstractLine:
over which fine-grained sediments are being transported. A bedload convergence is located to the south-west of the Dover


refAbstractLine:
Strait, not in the Strait itself as proposed previously. A transport pathway, bypassing the convergence, along the


refAbstractLine:
French coastline (which is supported by radioactive tracer experiments) could be responsible for sand transfer from the


refAbstractLine:
English Channel to the southern North Sea.


refAbstractLine:
Statistical tabulation of data for rainfall, temperature, humidity, wind strength and direction and sunshine presented


refAbstractLine:
Cobb Road crosses the coastal Lias Clay landslip zone of Dorset. Constructed by the 19th Century, it has a history of


refAbstractLine:
instability and despite various remedial measures further movement occurred in 1987. This paper reports the findings


refAbstractLine:
of an investigation into the nature of the geology and ground water conditions. The lower end of the road is on


refAbstractLine:
landslip material overlying an old beach while a fault has been shown to exist through the other main area of


refAbstractLine:
Rationale behind, and identification of, 11 major regional cells of England and Wales defining the transport pathways


refAbstractLine:
of non-cohesive sediments. Major boundaries coincide with prominent headlands or estuary mouths; the characteristics


refAbstractLine:
of each adjacent cell are distinct. Within each Regional Cells are several semi-independent cell-like circulation


refAbstractLine:
patterns. There is little coincidence between cell and management boundaries. For south-central England, two cells


refAbstractLine:
are identified, bounded by Selsey Bill and Portland Bill.


refAbstractLine:
12 hand drawn charts at 1:1250 illustrating the direction and velocity of the principal surface tidal streams in Cowes


refAbstractLine:
Harbour and immediately adjacent waters. The charts show successive positions through an average tidal cycle.


refAbstractLine:
Chapter 1, An Outline of the Geology, pp1-35 (G.W. Colenntt);Meteorology, pp 542-560 (J.Dover)


refAbstractLine:
A series of short articles and summary tables concerned with rainfall, temperature and sunshine statistics; and seasonal


refAbstractLine:
weather characteristics, 1918-1987. Data on wind direction is given on p.46


refAbstractLine:
Local tidal streams; differences of water level at the breakwater; beach conditions; seaweed deposition and wind


refAbstractLine:
data for 1969; recommended improvements survey is largely confined to the Shrape Mud area.


refAbstractLine:
An account of the natural history of the two countries, including aspects of contemporary management. Includes a


refAbstractLine:
chapter `Down the Coast' pp 101-109, and several references to the Isle of Wight coastline, pp 140-151


refAbstractLine:
A largely descriptive account of the Solent and its margins from the perspective of the yachtsman and small boat sailor.


refAbstractLine:
There are specific details on tidal regime, tidal streams, banks, shoals, bars, wave climate and navigation channels.


refAbstractLine:
Chapter 15- Saltmarshes, Estuaries and Rivers Chapter 16- Cliffs and Chines


refAbstractLine:
A sequence of photographs taken in the last 20 years of the 19th Century and the first decade of the present century of


refAbstractLine:
various coastal localities. Many show existing/contemporary beach and cliff conditions, protection structures


refAbstractLine:
A comprehensive overview and assessment of historical and recent data (back to 1870) relating to beach movements,


refAbstractLine:
cliff erosion and intertidal change. Spatial variation in net trends is associated with patterns of sediment supply


refAbstractLine:
and storage; the LWM has retreated rapidly between Hill Head and Browndown, and an accelerated rate of retreat of HWM has


refAbstractLine:
occurred since 1932. The causes of historical beach movements combine natural change and the impacts of protection


refAbstractLine:
policies. Their implications for future protection receive brief concluding comments, together with an assessment of


refAbstractLine:
A summary and review of research commissioned by SCOPAC, 1988-1992, and carried out by Department of Geography,


refAbstractLine:
Portsmouth Polytechnic (RACER). The compilation of the Sediment Transport Database identifies the variety of


refAbstractLine:
sources and content; The Sediment Transport Study examines the methodology of construction and compilation of the map


refAbstractLine:
portfolio, and accompanying text which evaluates the information presented. A summary of the regional synthesis


refAbstractLine:
on sediment transport pathways, circulation cells and impacts of coast protection is given. The Sea-Level Rise and


refAbstractLine:
Global Warming Study is global in its overall approach, but identifies impacts more specific to the SCOPAC coastline.


refAbstractLine:
Physical impacts and scenarios are summarised, together with the main policy options; issues for SCOPAC are highlighted.


refAbstractLine:
A description of the main morpho-dynamic zones present on the seaward slope of Stonebarrow Hill, and their functional and


refAbstractLine:
evolutionary significance. The model presented by Brunsden and Jones (1980) relates to historical data, field


refAbstractLine:
observation and surveying and understanding of the mutual relations of back-scar; landslide units; mudslides and


refAbstractLine:
seacliffs. The work carried out in the 1960's and 1970's is now being extended using modern monitoring equipment and


refAbstractLine:
will be used to evaluate the development model proposed. Data on rates of change are presented, indicating the


refAbstractLine:
importance of higher magnitude, lower frequency events. There are brief comments on the mass movement forms and processes


refAbstractLine:
between Stonebarrow and Golden Cap (visible from summit of former)


refAbstractLine:
An important feature that needs to be determined for the Hayling Island offshore area is the wave climate, since many


refAbstractLine:
of the features of the beach and nearshore zones are the result of wave activity. This study includes the analysis of


refAbstractLine:
the wave recorder data deployed for the six-month winter period of October 1988 to March 1989; hindcasted wave data


refAbstractLine:
from long term wind records from Thorney Island, and the use of a wave refraction model, `RCPWAVE'. Results include a


refAbstractLine:
series of tables predicting wave heights and periods from hindcast wind data, a scatter diagram of wave height versus


refAbstractLine:
wave period, and various time series plots of the wave data. An attempt is also made to predict extreme wave conditions.


refAbstractLine:
The mudslides at Higher Sea Lane, Charmouth, occupy an area approximately 150m wide and 50m long. They have been


refAbstractLine:
receding rapidly throughout this century, with failure events and other features diagnostic of failure apparent in


refAbstractLine:
the 1920's, 1930's and late 1960's. The cause of these mudslides is connected with the presence of an ancient


refAbstractLine:
mudflow; the intersection of the cliff top with this mudflow debris has introduced surface and seepage water. A


refAbstractLine:
comprehensive study (1975) recommended stabilisation through grading of the upper cliff and artificial drainage of the


refAbstractLine:
ancient landslide material. The success of attempts at stabilisation is not easily evaluated; nearby properties


refAbstractLine:
A brief critical review of the deployment of low, softwood groynes along the coastal frontage of the North Solent NNR.


refAbstractLine:
Groyne length and spacing need to be adjusted to mean fetch and direction/volume of beach drift; as well as beach height


refAbstractLine:
(in relation to HWM and observed sediment mobility downslope) and length.


refAbstractLine:
A functional and morphological description of the major types of mass movement operating along the West Dorset coast,


refAbstractLine:
concerned with diagnostic general characteristics relating to dynamic behaviour and morphological types; site-specific


refAbstractLine:
detail is not included. Particular attention given to mudslides-their zonation, shear/stress characteristics and


refAbstractLine:
their debris products. Several mass movement types may interact or superimpose, so that differentiation is not


refAbstractLine:
always straightforward. The role of discontinuities in "in situ" rocks as a cause or trigger of mass movement is


refAbstractLine:
Preliminary report of a range of both general and site specific considerations relating to the protection of the


refAbstractLine:
coastal frontage of Arun District Council. Recommendations are based on site visits; analysis of NRA beach profile data


refAbstractLine:
for 1990, and a series of runs of the ADC in-house OUTRAY wave refraction package to determine nearshore wave


refAbstractLine:
conditions. Specific recommendations cover suitable means of future measurement and monitoring of wave climate and


refAbstractLine:
A joint probability analysis of wave and water levels along the coastal frontage of Arun D.C., using existing wave


refAbstractLine:
climate and tide gauge data. the means and maximum values for waves, tides and surges are tabulated, with extended


refAbstractLine:
surge incidence computed on the basis of statistical probability. Significant wave height data are specifically


refAbstractLine:
analysed , and all derivations are compared with recent extreme events.


refAbstractLine:
A review of the historical development of the coastline in the vicinity of Elmer, emphasising coast protection problems


refAbstractLine:
and their perceived causes, is followed by economic and environmental assessment of 4 remedial options. The


refAbstractLine:
preferred option involves offshore breakwaters, new groynes and beach nourishment. It is recommended that a physical


refAbstractLine:
mobile bed model be tested to determine the extent of reduction of wave overtopping, suitable beach profiles and


refAbstractLine:
nourishment qualities. This should be accompanied by offshore wave measurements and beach monitoring.


refAbstractLine:
A zonation of slide hazard, with particular reference to development on the lower cliff slopes, is presented. This is


refAbstractLine:
based on morphological attributes, historical behaviour of the site and documented structural damage; the assumption


refAbstractLine:
is made that Monmouth Beach will not be significantly depleted, either naturally or artificially. Specific


refAbstractLine:
preliminary assessment of hazard exposure at given locations and for types of occupance are provided, together with


refAbstractLine:
comments on the implications of various remedial strategies.


refAbstractLine:
Background review of site condition, existing sea-defences and historical shoreline changes and coastal protection


refAbstractLine:
measures. Proposed protection schemes are based on the application of a wind wave hindcasting model (PHEW) and a


refAbstractLine:
beach plan shape model (BPSM). Part 2 of the study covers cost-benefit analysis.


refAbstractLine:
Specifications of tidal gauges and data, Priory Quay, Christchurch (and note of other tide gauges in close


refAbstractLine:
Evaluation of historical reasons for dam across Backwater, and characteristic siltation rates following damming.


refAbstractLine:
Analysis of bathymetric charts, 1983-1991 carried to assist with assessment of proposed marina layout, recommends a


refAbstractLine:
design with minimum impact on erosion, siltation and position of deepest channel leading into Weymouth Harbour.


refAbstractLine:
Chapter 5 reports on suspended sedimentation values for River Wey and Radipole Lake; tidal current; bed sediments;


refAbstractLine:
backwater sedimentation and freshwater flows.


refAbstractLine:
A module written for teachers and students relating the case study of Hayling Island to the key concepts and objectives


refAbstractLine:
of `A'-Level 16-19 (London Univ.) Geography Module on Managing Landforms. Brief background on coastal processes is


refAbstractLine:
followed by a review of management strategies, past and present. Most emphasis is given to beach erosion and the


refAbstractLine:
replenishment programme in the early 1980's designed to exclude flooding of coastal properties. The text contains


refAbstractLine:
questions for follow up and reflection- it is not a detailed narrative.


refAbstractLine:
The HWTMA co-ordinates and promotes research/excavation of sites of archaeological significance on the seabed of the


refAbstractLine:
Solent. Wreck sites are of particular interest. Data includes observational details on morphological conditions in


refAbstractLine:
site vicinities and both observations and samples of sediment within and adjoining sites. Database of


refAbstractLine:
A database of diver-acquired records of substrate geology, morphology and superficial sediment character; biota,


refAbstractLine:
habitats and communities; sediment mobility and evidence of human use in sampled areas within the nearshore/offshore


refAbstractLine:
environment (out to 6kms of the shoreline) of West Sussex. Data held on Dive and Site Recording Forms, using


refAbstractLine:
standardised format. Phase 1 is dedicated to the collection of baseline data, Phase 2 to the integration of site detail,


refAbstractLine:
with focus on ecological conditions. 1992-94 confined to coastal area between Chichester Harbour mouth and


refAbstractLine:
Littlehampton; to be extended east to Rye by 1997. Sponsored by English Nature, SCOPAC, West Sussex County Council,


refAbstractLine:
Chichester Harbour Conservancy, Arun District Council and The National Rivers Authority, organised by the Marine


refAbstractLine:
Presentation of survey data on accretion rates and volumes of shingle on Monmouth Beach, and shingle transport on


refAbstractLine:
Marine Parade Beach over the stated period. In March 1993 approx. 2400t (1500 cu. m..) of shingle was taken from


refAbstractLine:
Monmouth Bay to replenish the beach constituting the town frontage. Easterly longshore drift of 1516 cum.. p.a. was


refAbstractLine:
computed for Monmouth Beach, thus balancing the volume removed. Analysis reveals a net stability of shingle


refAbstractLine:
retention on Marine Parade beach although there are localised patterns of gain and loss in groyne compartments.


refAbstractLine:
No significant siltation appears to have occurred in the lee of the North Wall of Lyme harbour, where a channel had been


refAbstractLine:
previously excavated to re-establish a sediment transport path between the harbour and the town frontage.


refAbstractLine:
An evaluation of the potential of the Shingles Bank (Christchurch Bay), for the extraction of marine aggregate


refAbstractLine:
to be used for the replenishment of the adjacent Hurst Spit, is described. Following interpretation of bathymetric,


refAbstractLine:
geophysical and sedimentological data (Velegrakis and Collins 1991) a programme of vibrocoring and hydraulic grab


refAbstractLine:
sampling was undertaken. This study provided `ground truth' data and defined the thickness of the gravel deposits over


refAbstractLine:
the area. This report describes the following: (i) geological and oceanographic setting of the area (ii)


refAbstractLine:
bathymetric and topographic changes which have occurred during recent years, through the analysis of echo-sounder


refAbstractLine:
data and comparison with bathymetric data collected during the U.K. Admiralty surveys in 1979 and 1988 (iii)


refAbstractLine:
distribution of surficial sediments, studied through the analysis of side-scan sonar images and sediment sampling


refAbstractLine:
(iv) geological structure of the area, together with the thickness of superficial sediment cover, determined on the


refAbstractLine:
basis of high resolution sub-bottom profiling and vibrocores (v) an assessment of the mobility of coarse-grained


refAbstractLine:
material, studied through the analysis of bathymetric, sedimentological and oceanographical data. The results of


refAbstractLine:
the study show that Shingles Bank is the major sink of the coarse-grained sediment of the region. The deposit is of


refAbstractLine:
substantial thickness, being in excess of 10m over the eastern side of the bank. The quality of the material is as


refAbstractLine:
a marine aggregate, as no contamination due to fine-grained material or biogenic material has been identified. The


refAbstractLine:
quality of the material (gravel and sandy gravel) is estimated at 41000000 cu.m. The material is very mobile and


refAbstractLine:
three bedload transport cells have been identified. There is probably some interaction between the bank and the adjacent


refAbstractLine:
Hurst Spit. Three parts of the Shingles Bank have been evaluated as possible marine aggregate extraction areas. All


refAbstractLine:
of these could serve this purpose, but the final decision requires an examination of the dredging upon the area.


refAbstractLine:
Since the early 1980's, a subtle but significant change in the incident wave climate has resulted in a reversal of the


refAbstractLine:
net longshore drift, to a west to east direction. This gave rise to beach recession, leading to a deterioration in the


refAbstractLine:
protection against flooding provided by East Beach by 1990; several small scale replenishments were carried out by the


refAbstractLine:
NRA. Survey data presented here is limited to that collected by the West Dorset District Council, with the aim of


refAbstractLine:
quantifying beach volume changes over the stated period, and its short-term dynamic response to changes in incident


refAbstractLine:
A site plan of the mouth of the River Lymington at 1:1250, with a sequence of cross-sections at 1:200 (There is no


refAbstractLine:
The landslide failure at Blackgang of mid- January 1994 is placed in the context of earlier movements and intervening


refAbstractLine:
periods of stability. Geological and climatic regulations of Undercliff failure are summarised


refAbstractLine:
A sequence of 5 kW charts at 1:90000 covers the inshore, nearshore and offshore areas of the SCOPAC coastline with


refAbstractLine:
further sheet coverage of the rest of the English Channel.


refAbstractLine:
Statement of the policy objectives and guidelines relation to the Hamble estuary upstream to its navigable limit at


refAbstractLine:
Botley and Curbridge. Includes Local Nature Reserve (Hook and Warsash) and several SSSI's


refAbstractLine:
Policy objectives, criteria and ideals relating to coastal areas accessible to public, including parts within NFHA,


refAbstractLine:
AONB status. About two- thirds of coastal frontage is covered by SSSI's, North Solent NNR and Calshot Local Nature


refAbstractLine:
Reserve. Relevant policy is covered in pp 70-71, and Chapters 8 and 11.


refAbstractLine:
Chapter 5 reviews principles and objectives for the management of both coast and countryside; this includes SSSI


refAbstractLine:
sites on estuarine waterfronts of Southampton Water and Hamble Estuary. This is a non-statutory plan, to be


refAbstractLine:
superseded by an Eastleigh District Local Plan.


refAbstractLine:
A detailed review of environmental problems arising from recreational usage superimposed on the historical legacy of


refAbstractLine:
usage. Marginal reference to defence/protection structures.


refAbstractLine:
Examination of dynamic relationship between chine morphometry, cliff retreat, chine stream power and catchment


refAbstractLine:
Vol. 1 consists of text, Vol. 2 is a sequence of map and diagrammatic Appendices. Contents cover baseline data on


refAbstractLine:
coastal processes, specifically longshore transport and beach stability; the environmental implications of the


refAbstractLine:
preferred options, and environmental safeguards/enhancements.


refAbstractLine:
Two methods of measuring the direction and volume of beach material movement occurring along a section of the frontage


refAbstractLine:
at Lee on the Solent are described. 20 beach profiles perpendicular to the coastline were surveyed on five


refAbstractLine:
occasions between 05.03.94 and 09.05.94 over an area previously reported to be undergoing considerable erosion.


refAbstractLine:
The profiles were plotted enabling a direct comparison of the changes that had occurred. Volumetric changes for each


refAbstractLine:
profile were calculated and plotted. The second study involved the release of two tracers, Rhodamine B and Uvitex


refAbstractLine:
OB, coated on 10 and 5mm aggregates respectively. The tracers were to give a direct measure of the general trend


refAbstractLine:
of beach movement at the site as well as differentiating between the movement of different size beach material and


refAbstractLine:
the natural sorting that occurs in the surf zone. After the injection of the tracers, their progress was recorded a week


refAbstractLine:
later at night using a hand held, battery powered ultra violet light source. The movement of 10mm and 5mm beach


refAbstractLine:
material in the region of MHW was measured over a period of one week using the fluorescent tracers, Rhodamine B and


refAbstractLine:
Uvitex OB respectively. Results were inconclusive; only a small percentage of the released tracer being found.


refAbstractLine:
However, there was clearly an indication of a south easterly drift. The tracer study and profile study indicated that


refAbstractLine:
the major process affecting the shoreline changes at the Lee on the Solent site is littoral drift in a south easterly


refAbstractLine:
direction. Wind data collected over the period of the study showed that the majority of the winds were from the south


refAbstractLine:
westerly quadrant, and would generate fetch limited waves incident at the site from this direction. A correlation


refAbstractLine:
between large movements of beach material and the incidence of storms was indicated. The findings were largely in


refAbstractLine:
A digest of four years of sublittoral dives investigating submarine topography, sea bed sediments and marina flora and


refAbstractLine:
fauna at over 350 sites between Chichester Harbour and Beach Head. Background to the Project; pre-fieldwork Information


refAbstractLine:
gathering; training dives; and project management are outlined, followed by an account of output. These include a


refAbstractLine:
Habitat Manual; Database of Marine Species and their Habitats; and a Species ID Guide for divers. Physical


refAbstractLine:
factors influencing habitat types and species distribution are reviewed, followed by a descriptive account of seabed


refAbstractLine:
substrate types and sediment veneers. A regional synthesis of seabed types for the entire Sussex coast is provided.


refAbstractLine:
Other sections deal with major species; the impacts of human activities; the use and value of the project, and project


refAbstractLine:
A 4 part study of the nature and condition of defence and protection structures (and provision) for the entire


refAbstractLine:
perimeter of Chichester Harbour. Part I covers primary levelling tied to the 'master' tide gauge at Itchenor;


refAbstractLine:
observations and photographs; all bank and seawall elevations; the extent and condition of all types of shore


refAbstractLine:
boundary, and identification of locations in "imminent danger of flooding" without treatment (given prevailing


refAbstractLine:
rates of erosion). Part II is concerned with still water surface level; wave characteristics and revetment design;


refAbstractLine:
revetment maintenance, and the behaviour of different types of embankment under wave attack. Part III addresses wave


refAbstractLine:
characteristics and armour layer dimensions for threatened locations, and the design and construction of riprap


refAbstractLine:
revetments. Part IV is a user's guide to embankment protection, primarily intended for privately-owned


refAbstractLine:
This report supplements EX3083, and describes the potential impact of removing the proposed groyne between Haven Hotel


refAbstractLine:
and Midway Path. It would largely negate the beneficial effects on sandbanks beach of the original scheme embracing


refAbstractLine:
four groynes. This conclusion is justified by tidal modelling applied to calculations of beach accretion.


refAbstractLine:
Beach erosion towards the south-western end of Sandbanks in Poole Bay has persisted for several years. Falling beach


refAbstractLine:
levels in front of the sheet pile walls near Midway Path now threaten to destabilise these structures which protect


refAbstractLine:
valuable properties immediately inland. The complex coastal processes at work near Poole Harbour entrance have been


refAbstractLine:
examined using field data, computational models and historical analysis. Coastal processes near the Harbour


refAbstractLine:
entrance are dominated by tidal flows, whereas towards the north-east in front of the Pavilion there are practically no


refAbstractLine:
tidal currents and waves are the main beach-shaping force. Analysis of historic charts and more recent Bathymetric


refAbstractLine:
surveys has shown that the East Looe Channel has been naturally deepening during at least the course of this


refAbstractLine:
century. Between 1990 and 1994 the channel deepened by up to 0.6 m. Flood-dominated nearshore tidal flows in the East


refAbstractLine:
Looe Channel sweep sand from Sandbanks' beaches towards the Swash Channel. Deepening of the East Looe Channel is also


refAbstractLine:
inhibiting onshore movement of sand driven by waves breaking on Hook Sand. Several options for protecting the coast at


refAbstractLine:
Sandbanks have been examined, not only to determine their potential effectiveness as a cost-effective response to


refAbstractLine:
coastal erosion, but also to identify potentially negative impacts on amenity, ecology, down-drift beaches or


refAbstractLine:
navigation. A tidal flow model demonstrated that the most efficient means of reducing nearshore tidal flows was a


refAbstractLine:
scheme comprising one new rock groyne to the west of the existing Y rock groyne and three new rock groynes to the


refAbstractLine:
east. A revetment is also required to resist scour at the toe of the sheet pile walls during severe storms.


refAbstractLine:
Recommendations are made on how Poole Borough Council's current monitoring programme should be intensified and how,


refAbstractLine:
based on monitoring of the impact of the groynes, the downdrift beaches should be managed with sand nourishment to


refAbstractLine:
compensate for shortfall in the natural supply of sand while the groyne bays fill. Works to manage the beaches between


refAbstractLine:
the Pavilion and Poole Head are also recommended. If necessary, enhancements to the presently proposed rock


refAbstractLine:
groyne system and supplementary sand beach nourishment should also be implemented as a later phase of the Sandbanks


refAbstractLine:
A summary of a coast protection scheme at the western end of the Sandbanks peninsula, which was undertaken to hold


refAbstractLine:
offshore a deep water channel that was the cause of serious beach erosion. The scheme involve 4 new rock armoured


refAbstractLine:
groynes, one with a 'y' shaped extension; a rock faced revetment, and backshore dune restoration. The


refAbstractLine:
consideration of several options prior to the selection of the accepted scheme is outlined, with reasons for their


refAbstractLine:
rejection. The scheme is detailed from initial inception to final implementation. Its success, and the need for


refAbstractLine:
A detailed survey of saltmarsh erosion at Northney, using benchmarks, for three distinct zones where erosion rates


refAbstractLine:
appear to be different. Findings are related to vegetation cover, the presence of nearby man-made structures, water


refAbstractLine:
quality and background sea-level rise. Results confirm that the saltmarsh continues to erode, and the adjacent Marina


refAbstractLine:
and Langstone bridge may exacerbate the problem. A central area of marsh has suffered relatively less erosion, but is


refAbstractLine:
A sequence of maps, and textural commentary, based on aerial photography for 1946, 1967, 1978 and 1994.


refAbstractLine:
Portfolio of maps and plans. The Itchenor data is based on air photo analysis.


refAbstractLine:
An assessment of the effect of erosion north of groyne C24, where a significant embayment has been created, with


refAbstractLine:
proposals for protection to prevent break through into Snowhill Creek. A riprap revetment is recommended with


refAbstractLine:
design characteristics and alignment outlined, based on theoretical calculations of wave breaking parameters and a


refAbstractLine:
detailed topographical re-survey of the site.


refAbstractLine:
A small area of saltmarsh on the east coast of Hayling Island - between Verner Common and Gutner Point, is used as


refAbstractLine:
a baseline study to determine the likely sequence of events resulting from the breaching of embankments protecting


refAbstractLine:
saltmarsh. The vegetation was classified, soil samples analysed, and comparisons made with an area of managed


refAbstractLine:
retreat in Essex; 44 cms of sea-level rise up to 2070 was allowed for. The conclusion is that managed retreat at this


refAbstractLine:
site is viable, and will act as an effective form of protection for land behind the saltmarsh.


refAbstractLine:
Description of the nature and scale of seismic activity planned by Elf Enterprise Caledonia Ltd in a licensed block


refAbstractLine:
south of Christchurch Bay. Most of the report addresses environmental and sea use activities that may be impacted by


refAbstractLine:
the survey, but describes the physical environment. Reference is made to the survey results of exploratory


refAbstractLine:
seismic work in adjacent licensed blocks, extending to the east and west, previously completed.


refAbstractLine:
Hurst Spit is a barrier beach which provides protection to an extensive area of low-lying land in the Western Solent.


refAbstractLine:
It is susceptible to breaching during severe storm events and has declined in volume over a number of years. The


refAbstractLine:
decline in volume of the Spit is due largely to the reduced shingle supply from the west, resulting from coast


refAbstractLine:
protection works, and to the increasing frequency of wave overtopping which results in the loss of large volumes of


refAbstractLine:
material from the system. The declining volume of the Spit has resulted in overtopping under more frequently occurring


refAbstractLine:
events than previously. This trend will continue without appropriate remedial works and will result in extensive


refAbstractLine:
damage to property and land in the lee of the Spit. A long term stabilisation strategy has been developed for Hurst


refAbstractLine:
Spit, in parallel with development of the Shoreline Management Plan for Poole and Christchurch Bays. The


refAbstractLine:
proposals presented in this report will prevent the breaching of the Spit under severe storm action and will


refAbstractLine:
provide the standard of service necessary to protect the extensive area of low lying land which lies in its lee from


refAbstractLine:
damage during the 1:100 year return period storm. A large scale coast protection scheme, comprising shingle


refAbstractLine:
renourishment, a rock breakwater, and rock revetments, has been designed. A programme of maintenance, which includes


refAbstractLine:
shingle recycling and maintenance of the rock structures, and a monitoring programme are planned to follow the main


refAbstractLine:
phase of works. The works will extend from the Marine Cafe at Milford-on-Sea to Hurst Castle, a distance of


refAbstractLine:
approximately 3 km. The works will essentially be divided into two types of construction: (a) Shingle renourishment,


refAbstractLine:
(b) Rock structures. It is anticipated that both the rock armour and the shingle will be brought to the site by sea.


refAbstractLine:
The shingle will be provided by an offshore dredging source and will be discharged by pumping onto the beach. However,


refAbstractLine:
there is clear evidence that current licensed dredging areas are unable to provide shingle of the appropriate grade and


refAbstractLine:
quality in the quantity required. A marine aggregate production licence application has been made for the Shingle


refAbstractLine:
Banks area, which can supply beach recharge material of the correct grade, quality and quantity. A third source of


refAbstractLine:
shingle, from inland gravel pits, has been considered but has the disadvantages that a suitable size grading cannot be


refAbstractLine:
achieved, and that transport of the material by road is environmentally unacceptable. The average benefit cost


refAbstractLine:
ratio for the preferred option, using the Shingles Banks as a source, is 1.38, whilst the average benefit cost ratio for


refAbstractLine:
the same scheme but using commercial licensed areas is 1.25.


refAbstractLine:
Stereo vertical air photography and photogrammetric derivation of 68 perpendicular and 4 parallel beach


refAbstractLine:
profiles, Middleton on Sea to Ahterington, 04/02/94-14/05/95 (5 surveys). Air Photos at contact scale of 1:3000.


refAbstractLine:
Beach Profile Sections based on EA. air photo cover (181 profiles, East Beach, Selsey to Sea Lane, Goring).


refAbstractLine:
Additional Cross Shore Profiles for Pagham (17); Felpham (16); Shore Parallel Profiles, Littlehampton; East Beach (4)


refAbstractLine:
and Littlehampton West Beach; 23/09/95-22/09/97 (8 surveys)


refAbstractLine:
A detailed description of sea bed topography, sedimentology and local hydrography, together with biological communities


refAbstractLine:
present. The area is of low significance for commercial and recreational fishing, but accommodates navigational and


refAbstractLine:
dumping activities, and also has some marine archaeological potential. Impact Assessment of the physical effects of


refAbstractLine:
dredging indicate that the coarse fraction of rejected material will be deposited on site, whilst fine material


refAbstractLine:
will be dumped away from Area 45l. There will be some impacts, from both suction dredging and spoil deposition on


refAbstractLine:
the benthic community, but these will not persist after dredging ceases. There will be some impacts on shipping,


refAbstractLine:
yachting, existing fishing and waste disposal, but they are considered minimal. Problems arise because of poor baseline


refAbstractLine:
data on existing physical and biological conditions. A range of measures to monitor and mitigate both probable and


refAbstractLine:
A short account of the geomorphological forms and processes operative on the Christchurch Bay coastline, followed by


refAbstractLine:
succinct accounts of the effects of intervention in the "geomorphological cycle". The main case studies covered are


refAbstractLine:
the evolution of coast protection works at Barton-on-Sea, particularly developments in the 1990s; the unprotected


refAbstractLine:
frontage of Naish Farm; "hard" defences at Hordle and Milford, and the problems of protecting Hurst Spit. There


refAbstractLine:
are concluding comments on the recent development of an integrated strategic approach to the protection and defence


refAbstractLine:
A factual statement covering OS Triangulation stations; control network; co-ordinate schedule of permanent markers,


refAbstractLine:
existing survey plates at Elmer Beach and Rear Hydrographic Transit Markers at Pagham Beach; OS Bench Mark Lists;


refAbstractLine:
Levelling Network; Height and Distance Comparisons between conventional and GPS derivation; GPS Quality Assurance and


refAbstractLine:
other data relating to GPS technical specifications.


refAbstractLine:
A booklet outlining the background justification and design characteristics of the scheme, which was completed in August


refAbstractLine:
1996. It consists of a shingle recharge, redesigned seawall and terminal rock groyne. The components of the two phases,


refAbstractLine:
including amenity and environmental treatments, are outlines. (A 10 minute video, "Turning the Tide", provides


refAbstractLine:
an accompanying visual summary; made by Video South West and available from Weymouth and Portland Borough Council).


refAbstractLine:
HR Wallingford has been commissioned to undertake computational and physical modelling of proposed


refAbstractLine:
improvements to the Preston Beach Road sea defences. These improvements entail: (i) a re-designed sea wall


refAbstractLine:
cross-section; (ii) replenishment of the existing shingle beach; (iii) the provision of a terminal groyne to prevent


refAbstractLine:
shingle encroaching onto the sand beach at Weymouth and to facilitate maintenance of the replenishment scheme. In


refAbstractLine:
order to establish the optimum design for the new works two computational and two physical models have been applied on


refAbstractLine:
an interactive basis. The computational models were used to determine wave climates and extreme storm conditions along


refAbstractLine:
the study frontage, and to predict longshore sediment transport and consequence long term beach planshape


refAbstractLine:
development. The physical models considered the cross-shore response of the replenished beach and the design of a


refAbstractLine:
terminal groyne at the Greenhill end of the scheme. It was demonstrated that longshore shingle transport rates for both


refAbstractLine:
the existing and replenished beaches were very low, and that sufficient width of beach to prevent waves and shingle


refAbstractLine:
overtopping the new sea wall could be maintained by the provision of a single terminal groyne provided the


refAbstractLine:
recommended maintenance regime was followed. For the preferred groyne design, major beach recycling is likely to


refAbstractLine:
be required, on average, once every 8-10 years. Descriptions of the models used, their calibration and the


refAbstractLine:
results obtained are given within the report. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations made as to the most


refAbstractLine:
appropriate scheme for the Preston Beach Road sea defence.


refAbstractLine:
Volume 1 is a scoping study, summarised below. Volume 2 consists of maps, plans, diagrams, photographs and


refAbstractLine:
descriptive text of the physical condition of breakwaters, jetties, sea walls and rip rap/rock armour making the


refAbstractLine:
maritime defence structures of HM Naval Base at Portland, and Portland Harbour. The loss of any of these breakwaters


refAbstractLine:
will create more severe wave conditions within the harbour area. This will accelerate cliff erosion on the west shore


refAbstractLine:
of the harbour. Destabilisation of the clay cliffs between Bincleaves and Ferry Bridge will put some cliff top


refAbstractLine:
properties at risk, particularly in the area between Bincleaves and Sandsfoot Castle. The Southwest shore of


refAbstractLine:
Portland Harbour will also be affected, and some erosion of the grassland will take place on the "harbour side" of the


refAbstractLine:
road linking the Isle of Portland to the Mainland. The loss of breakwaters 2, 3 or 4 could also lead to interference


refAbstractLine:
A strategic study of the future of Portland Harbour following the closure of the Royal Navy base. Assets,


refAbstractLine:
constraints and opportunities; Environmental effects; Development strategy and implementation are examined in


refAbstractLine:
context of existing uses and the potential range of alternatives. There is a brief consideration of the harbour


refAbstractLine:
breakwaters (p 32; p 64), and of Ground Stability (Appendix VI).


refAbstractLine:
An assessment of the impacts of a proposal to dredge the entrance approaches to Littlehampton Harbour seaward of the


refAbstractLine:
harbour limit (and including the bar). Topics covered include littoral drift and the local sediment budget (based


refAbstractLine:
on South Downs SMP), dredging options, construction impacts and general effects on fauna and flora; landscape and


refAbstractLine:
socio-economic activity. Further detail is given of the sediment composition and changing configuration of the inner


refAbstractLine:
This report covers two phases of the study. In the first phase a physical hydraulic model was used to evaluate the


refAbstractLine:
relative differences between two basic proposed groyne designs. Tests were carried out at a scale of 1;30 on a


refAbstractLine:
timber groyne structure and compared with the performance of a rock groyne design. Mobile beach material was used in the


refAbstractLine:
model to simulate the shingle found on the beach at Goring. The model reproduced wave climates typical of those to which


refAbstractLine:
the Goring frontage is subjected, allowing the morphology of the beach to be studied under various wave conditions.


refAbstractLine:
After testing, the beach profiles were recorded and the response to wave and water level conditions was analysed. A


refAbstractLine:
total of four groyne designs were tested, a timber design and three variations of a rock groyne. The tests showed


refAbstractLine:
that while overall the two basic designs are comparable when considering the amount of beach material retained in a


refAbstractLine:
groyne bay, there are certain amenity benefits to be realised by the use of a rock groyne scheme. In addition,


refAbstractLine:
the rock schemes afford slightly more protection to the beach under extreme or 'storm' wave conditions. Based on


refAbstractLine:
the results obtained from this first series of tests, recommendations were made for the rock groyne design to be


refAbstractLine:
tested further in the second phase of the study. This second phase of work looked at the performance of the


refAbstractLine:
frontage as a whole. A 1:60 scale mobile material model of the actual beach was constructed and tests were carried out


refAbstractLine:
over a range of wave heights and water levels. Beach surveys were again used to compare beach forms between tests


refAbstractLine:
and overtopping volumes were also recorded under extreme conditions. Tests were also carried out to establish the


refAbstractLine:
effect of tidal currents on beach morphology. The results of the second phase showed that for water level/wave height


refAbstractLine:
events with combined probability return periods up to 350 years, the overtopping rate for the development as a whole


refAbstractLine:
just reached the threshold value for the onset of damage to the beach crest and backslope. Overtopping conditions were


refAbstractLine:
worst at the western end of the development and some adjustments to the scheme may help to ameliorate the rate of


refAbstractLine:
overtopping under extreme conditions, if this is considered necessary. The shingle ridge or crest of the beach was not


refAbstractLine:
breached during the course of the study, even though the combined probability return period of some test conditions


refAbstractLine:
exceeded 1000 years. The tests also showed that tidal currents have little effect on each morphology at Goring but


refAbstractLine:
that careful consideration should be given to the outlet of the Sea Lane outfall to ensure efficient plume dispersion at


refAbstractLine:
certain tidal states. Finally tests were conducted to examine the effect of the proposed development on the


refAbstractLine:
deposition of seaweed along the Goring frontage. Whilst the small number of tests undertaken did not produce conclusive


refAbstractLine:
results, comparison of the results from the whole study with known prototype conditions suggest that improvements may be


refAbstractLine:
South Coast Shipping Co Ltd have applied to the Crown Estate for a marine aggregate production licence for a site known


refAbstractLine:
as Area 407 St Catherine's, located 19 km south of St Catherine's Point on the Isle of Wight, and occupies a total


refAbstractLine:
sea area of 40.7 km2. The material to be extracted comprises gravel and sand with a variable chalk component.


refAbstractLine:
Dredging will be carried out by suction dredger, extracting aggregate at a proposed maximum rate of 1 million tonnes


refAbstractLine:
(approximately 560,000 m3) per annum, for a minimum of 10 years. On-board screening may be employed, which would


refAbstractLine:
result in the deposition of variable quantities of fines and oversized material into the water column. A description of


refAbstractLine:
the sea bed, topography, the nature and depth of gravel resources, seabed stability and the local hydrography is


refAbstractLine:
provided. A benthic survey indicates that the region contains a diverse and rich community including the presence


refAbstractLine:
of Sabellaria spinulosa reefs. The commercial fish species of the region are listed with notes on their biology, life


refAbstractLine:
history and behaviour. The main fisheries in Area 407 are lobster, edible crab, spider crab and bass. These are


refAbstractLine:
dependent on the benthic community for their food. An assessment is made of the significance and economic


refAbstractLine:
importance of fisheries and shell fisheries in the overall region and more specifically Area 407. No impacts on these


refAbstractLine:
are expected as a result of dredging in Area 407. Consultation with local shipping companies, port authorities


refAbstractLine:
and the MOD has indicated that the proposed dredging will not interfere with shipping, leisure boating and MOD


refAbstractLine:
exercise areas. Area 407 is not considered to be a major sea angling or recreational diving site.


refAbstractLine:
Experience gained in determining the detailed parameters required to study coarse clastic sediment transport, through


refAbstractLine:
participation in the South Coast Mobility Study, is described. Specifically, a method for in-situ monitoring of


refAbstractLine:
flow structure and sediment movement is presented. This involves the deployment of TOSCA, an underwater tripod


refAbstractLine:
equipped with electromagnetic current meters measuring wave-induced pressures, horizontal and vertical currents,


refAbstractLine:
and sediment transport rates (using Self-Generated Noise) TOSCA has contributed to an improved formulation of the


refAbstractLine:
This report examines the effectiveness of the existing sea defences, reviews the historical changes of the beach and


refAbstractLine:
coastline, assesses the present and future beach movement and presents options available to stabilise and improve the


refAbstractLine:
beach. The appraisal of the coastal process involved examination of the existing defences, review of historical


refAbstractLine:
maps, aerial photographs, reports, geological data, beach surveys and collection and interpretation of data to


refAbstractLine:
establish wave climates and water levels. The historical review of beach changes revealed a process of lowering of


refAbstractLine:
foreshore attributed to the natural changes such as rise in sea level as well as sediment shortage caused by coastal


refAbstractLine:
protection measures along the coast. It was considered that the increase in water depth near the sea wall would result


refAbstractLine:
in enhancement of wave energy on the upper beach and reflection of waves from the vertical faces of the sea wall.


refAbstractLine:
This action would cause turbulence and scour at the base of the wall with subsequent removal of the entrained beach


refAbstractLine:
material offshore, exposure of the sea wall toe protection and erosion of Bracklesham Beds beneath. An inspection of


refAbstractLine:
the existing sea wall and groyne system indicate that the existing sea defences are in good condition, but due to low


refAbstractLine:
rate of sediment transport the groynes are unable to be fully effective. Using a numerical model and on the basis


refAbstractLine:
of the historical trends, the beach movement along a section of the coastline under study was simulated. It was


refAbstractLine:
concluded that erosion of the beach would continue in the future with subsequent failure of the sea wall and


refAbstractLine:
progressive erosion of the hinterland. A number of study options were developed which would provide protection to the


refAbstractLine:
sea wall and encourage build-up of beach material. These options were: (i) filling the existing groyne bays with


refAbstractLine:
shingle; (ii) shingle beach nourishment scheme; (iii) sand beach nourishment scheme; (iv) Rock revetment to the sea


refAbstractLine:
wall; (v) Long rock groynes combined with beach nourishment. Of the above options, shingle beach nourishment and long


refAbstractLine:
rock groynes combined with beach nourishment were considered to be the most suitable engineering solutions.


refAbstractLine:
Presentation of current metering and float tracking data, together with tidal levels, constituting a hydrographic


refAbstractLine:
survey offshore Felpham Beach. The purpose was to assist with the problem of disposing of seaweed from the foreshore.


refAbstractLine:
An attempt to correlate the incidence of seaweed deposition with wind and wave directional data, and tidal currents.


refAbstractLine:
There are concluding recommendations for improving the management of this perceived problem.


refAbstractLine:
A report on the existing condition of the seawall, based on site inspection and previous videotape records. Beach


refAbstractLine:
height and width details are given, together with general estimates of tidal range and incident wave heights.


refAbstractLine:
Detailed proposals for seawall repairs are given, with an attached cost: benefit calculation.


refAbstractLine:
This report is a further study of the causes and mechanisms of marine flooding within the area of Goring bounded by


refAbstractLine:
George V Avenue to the east and Sea Lane to the west. The basis of this study comprises the following: (i) a detailed


refAbstractLine:
examination of the perceived flow paths through and beneath the bund; (ii) a more detailed examination of meteorological


refAbstractLine:
conditions over the period 1992 to 1997 to validate or otherwise the hypothesis of threshold parameters previously


refAbstractLine:
identified; (iii) the acquisition and review of rainfall, groundwater and tidal data in conjunction with the above.


refAbstractLine:
Six new boreholes were drilled and each borehole was equipped with a piezometer instrument and an individual


refAbstractLine:
data-logger. Three piezometers were installed within the "Head" material beneath the bund and three were installed in


refAbstractLine:
the underlying chalk. One of these was installed inland of the bund to provide a measure of the attenuation of sea


refAbstractLine:
level influence within the chalk due to distances from the sea. During this study further reports of flooding were


refAbstractLine:
provided to Posford Duvivier and reviewed in conjunction with the previously identified events. Further evaluation


refAbstractLine:
in conjunction with rainfall records and other flooding studies and reports prepared by Posford Duvivier identified


refAbstractLine:
two of the previous events as most likely to be due to surface water flooding. From the further work carried out


refAbstractLine:
it may be concluded that seepage through the bund and hence marine flooding is most likely to occur in conjunction with


refAbstractLine:
the threshold conditions previously identified, namely: (i) sea level in excess +3.0 m OD; (ii) resultant offshore wave


refAbstractLine:
height in excess of 3.2 m; (iii) resultant offshore wave period in excess of 7.0 seconds. Further consideration has


refAbstractLine:
been given to the methods and costs involved in preventing seepage through the bund occurring. These include the


refAbstractLine:
following: (i) rehabilitation of the existing bund; (ii) widening the bund on the landward side; (iii) installation


refAbstractLine:
of a watertight membrane within the bund including options for a vertical grout curtain or sheet piles and an inclined


refAbstractLine:
flexible or clay membrane; (iv) bunding around and filling of the Greensward; (v) bunding only around the Greensward.


refAbstractLine:
The most attractive schemes with respect to cost and east of construction are outlined. With regard to the marine


refAbstractLine:
flooding it is recommended that monitoring and reporting of storm and flooding events continues utilising the borehold


refAbstractLine:
Factors controlling tidal inlet stability are analysed and the general dynamic behaviour of an inlet in response to


refAbstractLine:
hydrodynamic and sediment dynamic conditions are discussed, using an example from Christchurch Harbour (southern


refAbstractLine:
England). A technique is developed for the estimation of current speeds within the entrance channel, on the basis of


refAbstractLine:
the definition of the "apparent" basin area. The results show that: (1) the /M ratio as one of stability criteria


refAbstractLine:
can be extended to include the influences of the characteristics of tides and freshwater discharges; (2) for


refAbstractLine:
inlet systems characterised by small flood and ebb tidal deltas and a pattern of by-passing of sediments due to tidal


refAbstractLine:
currents, the equilibrium cross-sectional area can be determined analytically; (3) the ratio of the difference


refAbstractLine:
between flood and ebb sediment discharges within the entrance to longshore sediment flux (i.e. the parameter k


refAbstractLine:
defined in the present study) can be used as a stability criterion; and (4) the evolution of an inlet system in


refAbstractLine:
response to an increase in longshore sediment flux appears to be characterised by a decrease in AE and a constant k


refAbstractLine:
value in early stages, but by a slow change in AE and a decrease in k in later stages (hence, these two stability


refAbstractLine:
criteria can be combined to describe the inlet behaviours in response to sediment movement, for different stages of


refAbstractLine:
A simple approach to the estimate of long-term sediment discharge through an entrance to a tidal basin is described.


refAbstractLine:
Using the method, cross-sectional mean current speeds are derived, on the basis of the definition of an 'apparent


refAbstractLine:
tidal basin area', from records of water level data from a single tide gauge. The obtained time-series of current


refAbstractLine:
speeds are then used to define 'local' current speeds, through the use of a sectional distribution function for the


refAbstractLine:
currents. Sediment transport formulae are then applied, using the obtained speed data and other relevant parameters


refAbstractLine:
contained within the formulae and frequency distribution functions with regard to wave and tidal current


refAbstractLine:
characteristics, to estimate sediment discharge through the entrance. Analytical procedures of the method are described


refAbstractLine:
in detail, in an example from Christchurch Harbour (southern England).


refAbstractLine:
The main physiographic features and plant communities of the saltmarshes adjacent to the Wytch Farm Outfall have been


refAbstractLine:
mapped and surveyed using the methods described in the 1985 baseline survey (Gray and Benham 1986). Comparisons of the


refAbstractLine:
vegetation maps (1985 and 1991) show that there have been no major changes in the total area of saltmarsh but indicate


refAbstractLine:
changes in the areas of some of the communities within it. Flowering density and plant height were recorded for


refAbstractLine:
Spartina anglica (hereafter Spartina) and Phragmites australis (hereafter Phragmites) to give an indication of


refAbstractLine:
the health of the marshes. The figures for Spartina showed little change, but the Phragmites beds were taller and


refAbstractLine:
flowering much more densely than they had been in 1985. General observations indicated that the saltmarsh was


refAbstractLine:
apparently in good condition and that the changes recorded since 1985 could largely be attributed to natural


refAbstractLine:
succession. There were no observable effects of the outfall pipe.


refAbstractLine:
Analysis of cartographic evidence for coastal landform development around Poole Bay, from sixteenth century, to


refAbstractLine:
present. Topographic cadastral and other maps are supplemented by routinely-revised navigation charts. There


refAbstractLine:
is contextual reference to geomorphological processes presumed to be responsible for measured rates of erosion and


refAbstractLine:
accretion. Changes in net directions of longshore sediment transport are apparent, especially near sandbanks. There is


refAbstractLine:
no clear evidence for any breaching of a spit at the entrance to Poole Harbour.


refAbstractLine:
The hydraulic regime and hydrographic characteristics of Cowes Harbour and the upper Medina Estuary are described,


refAbstractLine:
together with the principal characteristics of the short frontage of open coast within the Plan area. Over several


refAbstractLine:
millennia, there has been a net input of sediment, but low rates of accretion and small-scale changes of Estuary bed


refAbstractLine:
relief have prevailed during recent decades. Scour is promoted by tidal currents within Cowes Harbour,


refAbstractLine:
necessitating only limited maintenance dredging. Most of the Harbour frontage is protected by walls, wharves and


refAbstractLine:
other structures, in particular the Shrape Breakwater. Waves generated by winds from due north, north-east and


refAbstractLine:
north-west may combine with high tide levels to create surge conditions for which there is currently no protection; the


refAbstractLine:
existing breakwater may even increase wave heights within the outer area of Cowes Harbour. The recurrence interval of


refAbstractLine:
exceptional surge events may increase with the predicted acceleration of relative sea-level rise. The latter factor


refAbstractLine:
may also increase the frequency of flooding, in areas of West and East Cowes associated with peak tidal heights.


refAbstractLine:
Above the urbanised waterfront, the Estuary has discontinuous defences; accelerated bankside erosion has


refAbstractLine:
been a feature of the past 30 to 40 years in some locations. Identifying the cause, or causes, has not been the subject


refAbstractLine:
of serious research. Much of the information on physical processes is contained in unpublished reports, except for


refAbstractLine:
data collected through routine hydrographic surveys and dredging operations. Knowledge of sediment transport


refAbstractLine:
processes; the sedimentary environment and local rates of relatively sea-level rise is either poor or absent. This


refAbstractLine:
will need to be improved if there is to be reliable evaluation of development proposals with potential impacts


refAbstractLine:
on the physical properties and hydraulic regime of the estuary.


refAbstractLine:
Existing wave prediction models for the area were calibrated and validated against wave measurements off Goring. Firstly


refAbstractLine:
the offshore climate was derived using Shoreham wind data from 1980 to 1990. This was then transformed to three


refAbstractLine:
inshore points along the Worthing frontage, allowing for refraction and shoaling. It is important to consider


refAbstractLine:
combinations of high water levels and large waves when there is concern over overtopping or damage to coastal defences.


refAbstractLine:
Consequently a joint probability analysis was carried out linking measured high tide levels to the predicted waves.


refAbstractLine:
Extreme conditions were calculated for a range of return periods for use in the design of sea defences. Finally


refAbstractLine:
recent overtopping events occurring during the winter of 1989/90 were analysed.


refAbstractLine:
Addresses flooding problem between Sea Lane, Goring and George V Avenue, West Worthing, which arises from excess


refAbstractLine:
surface run off and/or seawater seepage. The surface water drainage network is sub-optimal, and part of the area is


refAbstractLine:
below High Spring tide levels. The earth bund behind the shingle beach has proved to be permeable at times of extreme


refAbstractLine:
water levels and when accessed by wave action. There may be some contribution from phreatic groundwater. Any reduction


refAbstractLine:
in beach levels would encourage a higher frequency of overtopping. Given that the existing defence standard is


refAbstractLine:
1:50, all policy options should be examined. These, and the available solutions, are briefly outlined, though no


refAbstractLine:
Comprehensive documentation of coastal dynamics and other elements of the coastal environment, followed by in-depth


refAbstractLine:
analysis and recommendation of strategic shoreline management approach for defined subdivisions of the two


refAbstractLine:
regional sub-cells. Stage 1 Report contains reviews of contemporary processes; wave and tidal regimes; joint


refAbstractLine:
probabilities of extreme wave and water levels; sediment transport pathways; future sea-level rise and evolution of


refAbstractLine:
the coastline, and hazard zonation. Also included is an inventory of existing data and an evaluation of survey


refAbstractLine:
requirements. The human and natural environments are summarised with specific reference to land/sea use patterns


refAbstractLine:
and the existing of a range of statutory and informal designations. This is combined with the foregoing content


refAbstractLine:
to present a concluding discussion of coast defence issues, in particular a Retreat/Advance classification; Definitions


refAbstractLine:
of Process and Resource Units, and the construction of Combined Units. Resource Units are based on the combination


refAbstractLine:
of defining features and criteria, in particular existing development and other investments, infrastructure and hazard


refAbstractLine:
areas. Stage 2 Report defines and details strategic Management Units, with accompanying coastal defence options,


refAbstractLine:
for a long sequence of sub-divisions of the entire frontage. Preferred options are given, together with timescales for


refAbstractLine:
their implementation and conclusions on the 'Defence Line'. Concluding sections cover Sea-Level Rise, Sustainable


refAbstractLine:
Shoreline Management concepts and a definition of Strategic Management Units and Coast Defence options from a regional


refAbstractLine:
(sub-cell) perspective. Coastal Defence Strategies are further discussed in terms of the objectives for, and


refAbstractLine:
implementation, of the Shoreline Management Plan; Scheme Strategy Plan preparation; and the relationship between


refAbstractLine:
Shoreline Management Plans and Development Plans. This section concludes with a discussion of the response to


refAbstractLine:
consultation documents. Both Stage Reports are accompanied by maps, tables and diagrams. The Appendices include an


refAbstractLine:
inventory of existing coastal defences (essentially via a map sequence); tabulation of previous dredging and


refAbstractLine:
renourishments; and an explanation of the conceptual sediment model. This is a regionalised summary of tidal regime and


refAbstractLine:
tidal currents; wave climate; the coastal cell concept; beach mining and renourishment; sediment distribution and


refAbstractLine:
bedforms; sediment input; inshore sediment transport pathways; littoral drift, and sediment transport in the


refAbstractLine:
This paper illustrates a budget approach to investigate and manage littoral sediment for coastal defence within an


refAbstractLine:
integrated process system in west Dorset, England. The budget is quantified in terms of inputs, transfers, storage


refAbstractLine:
and outputs of sediment within a littoral cell. Complex, long established links are demonstrated between eroding


refAbstractLine:
cliff sediment sources and a sequence of pocket shingle beaches that they supply. Sediment inputs and subsequent


refAbstractLine:
transfers are found to be episodic so that the beaches naturally alternate between open and closed system states


refAbstractLine:
according to prevailing transport conditions. Interestingly, the major storm barrier of Chesil Beach is


refAbstractLine:
identified as the ultimate shingle sink. These results suggest that the beach did not simply develop as a product


refAbstractLine:
of the Holocene transgression as often envisioned, but until recently, it formed part of a larger natural process system


refAbstractLine:
with the periodic input of additional shingle from the west, derived from the erosion of massive unstable cliffs.


refAbstractLine:
However, several interventions have dislocated these natural linkages, unwittingly reinforcing the closed system states.


refAbstractLine:
In the absence of natural replenishment, the modified beaches are becoming increasingly sensitive to the


refAbstractLine:
continuing relative sea-level rise and storm activity that characterises this region. Attention is drawn to the need


refAbstractLine:
to establish such understanding prior to undertaking additional interventions. Details are provided of the ways


refAbstractLine:
in which this information has assisted in the control of beach mining and future management policies are suggested


refAbstractLine:
A presentation of the format, and the style and content of presentation, of Shoreline Management Plans prepared (to


refAbstractLine:
date) by Sir William Halcrow and Partners. Discussion concerns the assimilation and integration of data, through


refAbstractLine:
GIS systems and the preferred structure of presentation. Volume 1 covers Data Collation and objective setting, Volume


refAbstractLine:
2, Management Strategy. Process Units defined in Volume 1 are utilised to generate Process Unit Management Strategies


refAbstractLine:
The East Solent Shoreline Management Plan, produced by HR Wallingford, is discussed in detail as an exemplar of a


refAbstractLine:
study that emphasises the need to understand physical processes as a preliminary to the adoption of management


refAbstractLine:
strategies. Specific attention is paid to the computational models used to predict water levels and wave-induced


refAbstractLine:
currents. The study was able to identify areas at risk from erosion, flooding or surge-generated overtopping, based on


refAbstractLine:
input on existing defences. Estimates of the economic costs of storm damage for the entire frontage were possible.


refAbstractLine:
A summary of the Shoreline Management Plan (SMP) study report for the South Downs Sub-Cell, prefaced by a resume of


refAbstractLine:
the principal physical and socio-economic characteristics of the coastline. The SMP study recommends co-ordination of


refAbstractLine:
regional studies with the preparation of scheme strategy plans. There is a need for research to develop longer-term


refAbstractLine:
sustainable defences, visualising defence options for each locality.


refAbstractLine:
The coastal zone is increasingly being used for a diverse array of often conflicting uses. Recent approaches to


refAbstractLine:
coastal management have highlighted the need to base management practices on a detailed understanding of the


refAbstractLine:
processes at work within the coastal zone. This article discusses some of the methods available which coastal


refAbstractLine:
managers can use to examine the historical evolution and behaviour of areas of the coastline. It is suggested that


refAbstractLine:
an understanding of such changes can help the understanding of the effects of past management practices and help to plan


refAbstractLine:
future strategies. The use of cartographic and photogrammetric analysis is exemplified through a case study


refAbstractLine:
A collection of papers that address the successive stages of Shoreline Management Plan formulation, drawing specifically


refAbstractLine:
on the experience and critical opinions of individuals working for both SCOPAC member authorities and other


refAbstractLine:
agencies. The main issues and topics covered include SMP design; consultation and scoping; information gathering and


refAbstractLine:
data collation; format; presentation and funding arrangements. Discussion at the conclusion of the seminar


refAbstractLine:
An account of the consultation and implementation phases, 1991-1996, of the renewal of defence and protection along


refAbstractLine:
the Preston Beach Road frontage. The scheme was promoted by deterioration of the existing defences in the context of


refAbstractLine:
renewed flooding, and involved beach recharge, a terminal groyne and a new sloped seawall at the back of the beach


refAbstractLine:
(Phases 1 and 2); and a buried rock armour revetment behind the main defence line (Final Phase). Technical detail is


refAbstractLine:
given, along with comments on difficulties experienced. Amenity considerations are also covered.


refAbstractLine:
A review and summary of the hydraulic regime, sediment transport processes and geomorphological evolution of the


refAbstractLine:
coastline between Durlston Head of the "Isle" of Portland, Dorset. Specific attention is directed to the condition and


refAbstractLine:
effectiveness of the defences of Portland Harbour, and of the resources they protect; coastal zone, and specifically


refAbstractLine:
shoreline, management issues are identified with respect to the sediment cell of Weymouth Bay, and those adjacent to it.


refAbstractLine:
A very brief overview of the causes of landsliding on the coast of the "Isle" of Portland, particularly on the


refAbstractLine:
north-facing sector within the former Naval Base. Brief mention is made of an early warning system installed to


refAbstractLine:
monitor ground movement and trigger appropriate response measures.


refAbstractLine:
The Holocene sea-level change records provides important information about crustal movements, which must be accounted


refAbstractLine:
for when estimating future relative sea-level rise along the coasts of south-east and central-southern England. However,


refAbstractLine:
equating the past with the future estimated trends is made complex by critical differences between contemporary and


refAbstractLine:
past coastal environmental conditions. This paper is primarily concerned with the Thames Estuary, Dungeness and


refAbstractLine:
A systems approach to the management of littoral sediments for coastal defence characteristics changes in terms of


refAbstractLine:
inputs, transfers, storage and outputs within process units, or littoral cells. Appropriate methods of investigation,


refAbstractLine:
data analysis and element coupling, needed for the quantification of sediment budgets, are identified. In the


refAbstractLine:
study area there are complex links between eroding cliff sediment sources and the beaches they supply. Chesil Beach


refAbstractLine:
is re-examined, with assessment of past human impacts and possible future interventions.


refAbstractLine:
Sea-level rise and its possible implications for shoreline management are explored in a case study of the south coast


refAbstractLine:
of England. Scientific understanding of the significance of likely physical changes for local environments is discussed.


refAbstractLine:
Appropriate management reactions are identified from an analysis of available policy options. Results illustrate


refAbstractLine:
how scientific information may be translated by geographers from global to local scales and made accessible for


refAbstractLine:
policy-makers, environmental managers and public discussion. Local factors are more important than commonly perceived,


refAbstractLine:
not only in terms of understanding impacts upon physical systems but also in formulating mitigating policies that are


refAbstractLine:
Reliable estimates of future cliff recession are needed to assess coastal vulnerability and evaluate management


refAbstractLine:
policies with regard to the widespread sea-level rise thought likely to result from global warming. A research


refAbstractLine:
gap is identified in providing appropriate predictive methods. This paper reviews the possible effects of


refAbstractLine:
sea-level rise upon soft-rock cliffs over a 50-100 year planning time scale. It evaluates different methods of


refAbstractLine:
analysing historical recession and highlights the main assumptions and rules governing future extrapolation of


refAbstractLine:
retreat rates. Simple predictive models including a modification of the Bruun Rule are developed and applied to


refAbstractLine:
estimate cliff sensitivity to sea-level rise in southern England. The complexity of factors interacting over


refAbstractLine:
variable spatial and temporal scales is identified as a major problem. Irrespective of sea-level rise, recession


refAbstractLine:
assessments need to accommodate episodic cliff failures occurring within regular erosion cycles and differentiate


refAbstractLine:
instances of runaway systems change. Predictions must rely upon methods of extrapolating historical retreat. Different


refAbstractLine:
methods are applicable according to the presence or absence of shoreface sediments. The modified Bruun Rule appears the


refAbstractLine:
most appropriate for situations where cliff sediments accumulate on the shore profile. Results obtained using


refAbstractLine:
this model indicated that recession could increase by between 22% and 133% by 2050 according to site. Cliffs on


refAbstractLine:
exposed coasts and those containing high proportions of clay appear the most sensitive to change. Attention is drawn to


refAbstractLine:
some of the inherent uncertainties including those caused by different landslide types, lags in response and the effect


refAbstractLine:
A digest and directory of the biophysical characteristics and human use and management of the coastal zone of


refAbstractLine:
central-southern England. The emphasis is on ecological habitats and communities. Geology, hydrography, sediment


refAbstractLine:
transport, sea-level rise and coastal defence and protection are covered briefly. Each of the 10 chapters concludes with


refAbstractLine:
selected reference lists and the names and addresses of helpful contacts. Throughout the text there are tables that


refAbstractLine:
compile salient factual data. The Appendix features commonly cited contact names and addresses; local authority


refAbstractLine:
and port/harbour authorities and a core reading list.


refAbstractLine:
An analysis of vertical air photo cover held by Arun District Council used to generate data on beach plan shapes;


refAbstractLine:
beach volumes and patterns of erosion and accretion for selected profiles in the vicinity of the breakwaters.


refAbstractLine:
A broad review of current research and monitoring practice; forthcoming research programmes, and future developments.


refAbstractLine:
Topics covered include wave climates, coastal defences, applications of computer modelling, beach stability,


refAbstractLine:
Edited transcript of a lecture covering the nature and origin of south coast beaches; sediment transport; methods


refAbstractLine:
of measuring sediment transport; analysis of data and implications for coastal defence. Discussion questions and


refAbstractLine:
answers refer specifically to Selsey, Elmer and discharge of sediment from Arun.


refAbstractLine:
The Ventnor Undercliff, located on the south coast of the Isle of Wight, is one of the largest urban landslides in


refAbstractLine:
north-western Europe. The area has been studied extensively by the Department of the Environment (DOE) as part of its


refAbstractLine:
Planning Research Programme. This research resulted in the publication of a technical report and detailed ground


refAbstractLine:
behaviour, geomorphological and planning guidance maps of the Ventnor Undercliff in 1991. The DOE report made a


refAbstractLine:
number of recommendations including the development of a Landslide Management Strategy for the area. South Wight


refAbstractLine:
Borough Council, which is the responsible local authority, commissioned a further report on the development of such a


refAbstractLine:
Strategy in June 1991. Since then the Council has been supervising day to day landslide management within the


refAbstractLine:
Undercliff. The paper describes the practical ways in which this is being undertaken, it reviews progress and describes


refAbstractLine:
The Isle of Wight, situated off the south coast of England, is an area of outstanding interest to the geologist and


refAbstractLine:
compression. Sub-aerial and in particular coast erosion has encouraged instability and land slippage in a number of


refAbstractLine:
locations. South Wight Borough Council is the local authority responsible for some 88 km of cliffs of general


refAbstractLine:
weak and often poorly lithified rocks. As coastal protection authority, it is involved in a major ongoing


refAbstractLine:
programme of civil engineering works. An area of particular interest is the Undercliff along the south coast between


refAbstractLine:
Blackgang in the west and Bonchurch in the east which includes the town of Ventnor. This area of coastal


refAbstractLine:
instability has recently been the subject of detailed study by the Department of the Environment as part of their


refAbstractLine:
planning research programme developing improved methods of landslide hazard and risk assessment. The Council has been


refAbstractLine:
closely involved with this project and has produced a landslide management strategy for the Ventnor Undercliff.


refAbstractLine:
This paper describes the development and implementation of this strategy and some of the questions it has posed for the


refAbstractLine:
This study provides the foundation from which strategic management policies for the coastline between Pagham and


refAbstractLine:
Portsmouth Harbours can be developed. Within the study emphasis was placed on developing an understanding of future


refAbstractLine:
coastline response under both a continuation of present day conditions and management policies, and under a range of


refAbstractLine:
future scenarios. These scenarios included: (i) Natural climate changes: sea level rise; variations in mean annual


refAbstractLine:
wave direction; increases in offshore wave heights; (ii) Natural and enforced coastal change: breaching at East Head,


refAbstractLine:
Chichester Harbour; managed set-back at Bracklesham; loss of Kirk Arrow Spit off Selsey Bill. The study made use of HR


refAbstractLine:
Wallingford's TELEMAC and TELURAY finite element models to establish the wave, tide and current conditions in the


refAbstractLine:
eastern Solent and within the natural harbours of Pagham, Chichester, Langstone and Portsmouth. Further computational


refAbstractLine:
models were then used to calculate longshore sediment transport rates, offshore sediment transport patterns and to


refAbstractLine:
quantify the standard of the present day defences. In parallel with the modelling studies HR Wallingford also


refAbstractLine:
undertook a preliminary environmental assessment and benefit appraisal, and a limited amount of field survey work to


refAbstractLine:
provide input and calibration data for the modelling process. The studies have demonstrated the complexity of


refAbstractLine:
coastal processes within the eastern Solent and their sensitivity to changes in both the tidal curve and the


refAbstractLine:
prevailing wave climate. The potential impact of the coastal change scenarios investigated has been shown to be


refAbstractLine:
localised, though ultimately the loss of the sediment feed from Kirk Arrow Spit would be felt more widely along the


refAbstractLine:
West Wittering to Selsey frontage. It is recommended that consideration is given to re-aligning the shoreline at


refAbstractLine:
Bracklesham, by up to 100 metres landwards, in order to reduce present maintenance commitments. It is also


refAbstractLine:
recommended that any future strategy for the strategic management of this coastline recognises its sensitivity to


refAbstractLine:
climatic conditions and the extent to which changes in these conditions may modify shoreline processes and hence its


refAbstractLine:
An original photogrammetric analysis of recent air photo cover of East Head, identifying changes in dune


refAbstractLine:
physiography. The study incorporates a digest of the evolution and recent development of both the spit and its


refAbstractLine:
dunes; the latter are descried both morphologically and ecologically. Results are used to assess current and


refAbstractLine:
The reconstruction of 8.1 km of dilapidated sea wall protecting the Hampshire coast of the Western Solent, near


refAbstractLine:
Lymington, presented the National Rivers Authority (Southern Region) with particular problems and substantial extra costs


refAbstractLine:
in coping with the needs of conservation. The resulting scheme, however, can be seen not only to have preserved but


refAbstractLine:
also enhanced the conservation value of its immediate surroundings in addition to the wider area of protected


refAbstractLine:
The excavation of a mound on the cliff edge at Golden Cap, West Dorset has provided pollen samples from an old land


refAbstractLine:
surface which has shown that the hill top vegetation was dominated by oak woodland in the Early Bronze Age. A


refAbstractLine:
radiocarbon date from charcoal in the buried soil provided two dates in the range 2,100-1,900 BC. A cutting into the


refAbstractLine:
east side of the mound was associated with pottery of the late 18th- early 19th century. Documentary evidence


refAbstractLine:
suggests that this is the site of the Napoleonic signal station in use from 1798-1814.


refAbstractLine:
Detrimental effects of engineering works on the coast and a wish to conserve parts of the coastline have increased


refAbstractLine:
realisation among coastal managers of the need to examine shoreline problems and proposals for protection in a wider


refAbstractLine:
spatial context than the site itself and over a longer time scale than the past few years. This paper outlines the


refAbstractLine:
approach taken in one region of the United Kingdom, the central south coast of England, to provide that wider


refAbstractLine:
perspective. Authorities responsible for coastal protection and sea defences formed a Coastal Group which, amongst other


refAbstractLine:
activities, commissioned research aimed to provide a greater understanding on which to base shoreline management


refAbstractLine:
decisions. A major project undertaken was a Sediment Transport Study in which all existing information relating


refAbstractLine:
to coastal sediment processes in the region was collated and analysed. All inputs, flows and outputs of sediment were


refAbstractLine:
documented. Links between processes were examined for each part of the region. Finally, nine littoral cells of


refAbstractLine:
sediment circulation were identified and were suggested as forming a framework for shoreline management. The methods


refAbstractLine:
of compilation and analysis are outlined here and are exemplified for one area in the region. The approach is


refAbstractLine:
commended as a cost-effective basis for strategic management of the coast in developed regions.


refAbstractLine:
A brief review of the objectives of the SEASEARCH project, and preliminary results of diver surveys in 1992 and 1993 in


refAbstractLine:
the nearshore/offshore environment between the mouth of Chichester Harbour and Littlehampton. SEASEARCH involves


refAbstractLine:
volunteer dives in a systematic programme of observation and recording of the physical characteristics of the seabed,


refAbstractLine:
and plant/animal communities encountered. Data is entered onto the JNCCs Marine Nature Conservation Review database.


refAbstractLine:
Work thus far has helped determine the extent of sandstone reefs offshore Bognor and the presence of additional reefs


refAbstractLine:
in deeper water along the West Sussex coast.


refAbstractLine:
A review of the demand for marine aggregates nationally and in the Southeast Region, providing data on production and


refAbstractLine:
demand since 1989. Official (D of E) statements encouraging, offshore aggregate production are quoted,


refAbstractLine:
including its supply for beach nourishment. Impacts of marine aggregate removal on coastlines (beaches); commercial


refAbstractLine:
fishing, marine benthos and other activities, and the role of the D of E regulatory and monitoring system, are briefly


refAbstractLine:
summarised. Crown Estate data on aggregate landings at South Coast ports in 1991 and 1992 are given.


refAbstractLine:
Dredging and deepening of the Swash channel in 1988, the main navigational approach to Poole Harbour, provided a


refAbstractLine:
large quantity of sand which was used by Bournemouth Borough Council to replenish some of its beaches. The details of


refAbstractLine:
the main stages of the work are given, together with the negotiations and consultations needed to realise this


refAbstractLine:
project, between 1988 and 1989. Its successful conclusion reflected effective co-operation and co-ordination between


refAbstractLine:
During this study the HINDWAVE model was used to compare and adjust Met office wave model results for a location offshore


refAbstractLine:
of the Arun DC frontage to provide a realistic estimate of the offshore wave climate. The OUTRAY model was then used


refAbstractLine:
to convert this offshore climate to corresponding climates at three locations closer to the coast. A probability


refAbstractLine:
distribution was then fitted to the inshore wave climate results to provide "long-term" estimates of wave height (H2)


refAbstractLine:
exceedence. The distribution of H2 was presented in terms of the percentage of time that a given H2 is exceeded, and


refAbstractLine:
the number of half-day periods in which a given H2 is exceeded in at least one three-hourly record for each month,


refAbstractLine:
season and annually. This report describes how the calculations were made and how they could be repeated, if


refAbstractLine:
necessary, to hindcast conditions during any particular period.


refAbstractLine:
Consultation process; Management objectives and Units; Management Unit Plans and Option Selection; Future studies


refAbstractLine:
and Shoreline Management Plan Review. Figures and textural appendices describe existing defences, and preferred


refAbstractLine:
strategies for 14 units along the entire frontage. Consultees are also listed and their input itemised.


refAbstractLine:
Consultation; Coastal processes; Existing Shoreline Management; The Natural Environment; Land Use and the Human


refAbstractLine:
Environment. The above structure is developed through integrated text and maps, tables, etc. Appendix 2 provides


refAbstractLine:
a spatial sequence of the contemporary pattern and structure of shoreline defence and protection, including


refAbstractLine:
An outline of the range of approaches available for managing landslide and landslide hazard problems throughout the


refAbstractLine:
Undercliff area; this report includes the findings of the St Lawrence extension study and provides an update on


refAbstractLine:
management initiatives implemented by SWBC since 1991 Ventnor Study (separately abstracted). A suite of detailed


refAbstractLine:
1:2500 maps of Geomorphology, Ground Behaviour and Planning Guidance support the report text. 5 sheets also cover the


refAbstractLine:
Undercliff area (not separately published). The major components addressed are: the scale of the problem;


refAbstractLine:
evolution of the Undercliff; causes of ground movement; defining landslide hazard; and landslide hazard management.


refAbstractLine:
The clay mineral composition of the fine fraction (<2 um) of surface sediments from the Solent Estuarine System was


refAbstractLine:
determined by X-ray diffraction, in order to understand the origin, distribution and transport pathways of fine-grained


refAbstractLine:
sediments within this environment. The spatial distribution of clay minerals in the region is shown to be due to


refAbstractLine:
estuarine mixing processes. Riverine input from the rivers Itchen, Test, and Hamble is characterised by high smectite


refAbstractLine:
content and a low kaolinite + chlorite to illite ratio. This input is believed to contain a substantial contribution


refAbstractLine:
of clay minerals derived from the Chalk. These fluvially derived clay minerals are mixed with a second clay mineral


refAbstractLine:
suite of marine origin, containing lower smectite and a higher kaolinite + chlorite to illite ratio. The clay


refAbstractLine:
minerals in the marine suite are believed to be derived mainly from Tertiary and/or Recent sediments by the


refAbstractLine:
reworking of bed material within the estuaries, or by tidal current and wave erosion of coastal outcrops. Mixing


refAbstractLine:
between these two sources occurs as a result of estuarine circulation dynamics.


refAbstractLine:
An introduction to the project and experimental design is followed by objective details of daily beach profiles


refAbstractLine:
(volume per unit width; plan shape); 3-D Surveying; Bedload Sediment Trapping; and Fluorescent and Aluminium Pebble


refAbstractLine:
Tracing Experiments. There is some preliminary analysis and summary of results.


refAbstractLine:
The background, field measurement programme and database are outlined, followed by analysis of data on beach surveys and


refAbstractLine:
wave refraction, and evaluations of the mild slope, geometric and shoreline evolution models. Future research


refAbstractLine:
A 40 year sequence of oblique and vertical aerial photography of the Black Ven mudslide has been analysed


refAbstractLine:
photogrammetrically to provide accurate digital elevation models. The methods are described and the 1995 data is used


refAbstractLine:
to refine previous analysis of morphodynamic behaviour, in particular episodic landform change.


refAbstractLine:
The main activities of the second season of fieldwork are described, followed by more detailed accounts of


refAbstractLine:
archaeological walkover and excavation work on the harbour islands, and Sinah Lake stake structure survey. There is a


refAbstractLine:
preliminary assessment of the prehistoric landscape of the islands, notably Long and North Binness Islands, including


refAbstractLine:
inference of subsequent relative sea-level rise.


refAbstractLine:
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from


refAbstractLine:
open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two


refAbstractLine:
first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport


refAbstractLine:
directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared


refAbstractLine:
against a 'critical level'. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk


refAbstractLine:
sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than


refAbstractLine:
the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied


refAbstractLine:
to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England.


refAbstractLine:
In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal


refAbstractLine:
basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable


refAbstractLine:
critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2)


refAbstractLine:
magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4)


refAbstractLine:
the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that


refAbstractLine:
the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for


refAbstractLine:
representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within


refAbstractLine:
the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance.


refAbstractLine:
A strategic management review of current and future uses and activities of the Medina estuary upstream to Newport.


refAbstractLine:
General background precedes a sequence of topic chapters, which are then concluded by a discussion of implementation


refAbstractLine:
frameworks, mechanisms and financial resources. Topic chapters include, amongst others, Physical Processes; Water


refAbstractLine:
In recent years, artificial beach replenishment has become an established method in helping to restore a deteriorating


refAbstractLine:
beach. However, there has been a relative lack of information regarding the post-replenishment behaviour of


refAbstractLine:
many artificially renourished beaches. Results of a study of a replenished beach at Hayling Island suggest that the


refAbstractLine:
apparent depositional and erosional trends measured along a typical beach profile can be due to the longshore movement


refAbstractLine:
of a single, trapezium-shaped, mass of shingle, at a constant rate, rather than variations in the longshore


refAbstractLine:
Previous research on Holocene sea-level changes in Hampshire has been limited, and this has hindered efforts (a) to


refAbstractLine:
establish the pattern of Holocene sea-level and crustal movements in Southeast England, and (b) to compare recent


refAbstractLine:
tide gauge data with the longer-term Holocene sea-level record from this region. In this paper litho-, bio- and


refAbstractLine:
chronostratigraphic data collected from Stansore Point, Hampshire, are used to reconstruct past local depositional


refAbstractLine:
conditions at this site. These results are combined with published sea-level data from other sites in Southeast


refAbstractLine:
England, to study the evidence for regional sea-level and crustal movements, and to evaluate the recent tide gauge


refAbstractLine:
data from this area. The oldest sea-level index points from Hampshire date from c6000-6800 calibrated years before


refAbstractLine:
present (cal yr. BP) and are recorded 2-3 m above similar aged index points from other sites in Southeast England.


refAbstractLine:
This difference confirms a previous conclusion of a west to east gradient in the altitude of sea-level index points in


refAbstractLine:
Southeast England, which may reflect enhanced crustal subsidence of the Southern North Sea Basin. After c5000 cal


refAbstractLine:
yr. BP, the altitude of sea-level records from Romney Marsh, Sussex and Hampshire are similar, but differ significantly


refAbstractLine:
from those recorded in the Thames Estuary and the East Kent Fens. It is suggested that these differences may record two


refAbstractLine:
episodes of differential crustal movements between these areas, which occurred between c5000-4000 and 2000-0 cal yr.


refAbstractLine:
BP. These differences may reflect land movements associated with the Variscan Front; a major structural feature in the


refAbstractLine:
eastern English Channel. During the last 2000 cal yr. BP, relative mean sea-level has risen by c2.5 m (1-1.5 mm a -1)


refAbstractLine:
in Hampshire, Sussex and Romney Marsh. This is in marked contrast to the recent tide gauge data from Portsmouth,


refAbstractLine:
which suggest a rate of sea-level rise since 1962 of at least 4.5 mm a -1.


refAbstractLine:
Part of the water supply for Lyme Regis is abstracted from a spring at Pinhay in the zone of coastal landslides


refAbstractLine:
(undercliff) to the west of the town. This source is at risk from movements of the landslide and the supply was


refAbstractLine:
interrupted during the winter of 1993-94. Further landslide activity of similar scale occurred during the 1994-95


refAbstractLine:
winter, again after abnormally high winter rainfall. A high level of groundwater in a nearby borehole was reported and


refAbstractLine:
it later became clear that the main landslide displacements had both occurred at times when the groundwater level in the


refAbstractLine:
borehole was rising at its most rapid rate.


refAbstractLine:
A factual account of the lithostratigraphy of the substrate and physical properties of beach deposits, alluvium and made


refAbstractLine:
ground. Properties tested include Standard Penetration; Plasticity; Total and Effective Shear Strength; Sulphates


refAbstractLine:
and pH. An Engineering Assessment of the substrate conditions in the area identified for enhanced shoreline


refAbstractLine:
An analytical account of data obtained for a sequence of beach monitoring stations along the Bournemouth Poole and


refAbstractLine:
Studland frontages between 1974 and 1993. Data on beach profiling, Particle Size Distribution and littoral drift


refAbstractLine:
directions are analysed and reasons for changes are given. The data covers a succession of beach replenishment


refAbstractLine:
programmes, and it is used to predict future changes and the need for further beach feeding.


refAbstractLine:
A report of a series of field experiments undertaken with the aim of developing and testing more definitive methods of


refAbstractLine:
measurement of transport on shingle beaches. The measurement techniques, using traps and tracers, are


refAbstractLine:
described, and data obtained for low, intermediate and high wave energy conditions are compared and contrasted. Results


refAbstractLine:
are applied to estimate the littoral drift efficiency constant used to predict drift rates from measures of wave


refAbstractLine:
energy. There is a concluding evaluation of previous inconsistencies of the drift efficiency constant in the


refAbstractLine:
A brief account of the geological conditions promoting slope instability at Furzy Cliff, North-east of Weymouth. The


refAbstractLine:
main mass movement processes are described, and rates of cliff recession computed. Almost a century of piecemeal


refAbstractLine:
attempts at stabilisation have concluded with a comprehensive scheme involving slope regrading, surface


refAbstractLine:
drainage, terracing and a sheet-piled seawall. Various defensive measures have been undertaken at adjacent


refAbstractLine:
Bow-leaze Cove, but do not amount to long-term cessation of mass movement.


refAbstractLine:
A review and summary of the physical environment; wildlife habitats; historical and contemporary land and resource


refAbstractLine:
uses, and potential threats. The area embraces the cliff line and adjacent seabed and water mass. A resume of


refAbstractLine:
research and management recommendations concludes this report. Details are given of the development and functions


refAbstractLine:
of the Durlston Coast Watch and Purbeck SEASEARCH projects, together with a summary of achievements and ongoing work.


refAbstractLine:
A survey of the geology and geomorphology of the Isle of Wight, covering structural evolution, stratigraphical


refAbstractLine:
succession, and landform evolution. Major coastal features covered are cliffs, landslides, shore platforms and beaches.


refAbstractLine:
The penultimate section consists of a sectionalised traverse around the entire coastline of the island, emphasising


refAbstractLine:
geological: landform relationships, fossil localities and human impacts on coastal processes.


refAbstractLine:
A review of the rationale and design philosophy behind the reconstruction of Mudeford Quay, at the entrance to


refAbstractLine:
Christchurch Harbour. Measures taken to minimise the environmental impact of both the construction phase and the


refAbstractLine:
completed realignment of the quay are outlined and commented on. Numerous recreation, conservation and


refAbstractLine:
working/residential interests needed to be addressed. The whole project proved a success for public consultation.


refAbstractLine:
The Dorset Coast includes some of the finest landslides in Britain. They occur at the southern end of the landslide


refAbstractLine:
prone strata associated with the Jurassic outcrop. These materials provide many examples where a permeable 'caprock'


refAbstractLine:
overlies a clay aquiclude. Because of the structural relationships of these beds along the Dorset coast there is


refAbstractLine:
a range of landslide generators each with different properties and styles of failure. This paper describes the


refAbstractLine:
individual sites and summarises the existing state of research. The outstanding problems are then outlined.


refAbstractLine:
First, there are many sites and materials which have never received adequate research. Secondly there are technical


refAbstractLine:
difficulties. More fundamental, however, are the problems which have only become apparent after intensive study and


refAbstractLine:
which must be solved if geotechnical science itself is to advance. These include understanding of the mechanisms of


refAbstractLine:
the processes of lateral spreading and ductile clay extrusion, the phenomenon of running sand, Geochemical


refAbstractLine:
controls of material behaviour and the relationship between pore water pressure, shear strength and landslide movement.


refAbstractLine:
Comprehensive sediment budgets are compiled for a series of pocket shingle beaches in West Dorset backed by massive,


refAbstractLine:
soft cliffs that degrade in a rapid and complex manner. Studies involve the identification and quantification of


refAbstractLine:
sediment (primarily shingle) inputs, transfers, storage and outputs within terrestrial and marine subsystem components.


refAbstractLine:
Results are unified within budget and flow models and applied to tackle questions of coastal evolution and


refAbstractLine:
management. Research involved mapping and sampling of the ground forming materials in terms of their beach forming


refAbstractLine:
potential. Cliff landsliding and recession are analysed using comparisons of historical maps, aerial photos and


refAbstractLine:
documentary evidence. A method of quantifying the release, throughput and supply to the beaches of various sediment


refAbstractLine:
grades from the eroding cliffs is presented. The volumes and types of sediment at the beach and in the inshore zone


refAbstractLine:
are investigated by various profile, intertidal, and offshore surveys. Detailed sampling and sediment analysis


refAbstractLine:
of the beaches is undertaken to elucidate beach drift and for attrition assessments through comparisons with cliff


refAbstractLine:
inputs. Shingle tracing experiments using aluminium tracers are conducted to study transport and sorting at two


refAbstractLine:
contrasting sites over a full spectrum of wave energy conditions. Validated littoral drift volumes and original


refAbstractLine:
wave power relationships are developed. Information is compiled to produce budget models for the main beaches.


refAbstractLine:
Complex long established links are demonstrated between eroding cliff sources and the shingle beaches that they


refAbstractLine:
supply. Chesil Beach is identified as the ultimate shingle sink suggesting that it is not entirely a product of the


refAbstractLine:
Holocene transgression as often envisioned, but a component of a Lyme Bay process system and open periodically to inputs


refAbstractLine:
of shingle from the west. Adverse impacts arising from various human interventions are highlighted using the


refAbstractLine:
An objective summary of land tenure, data sources and the management plan is followed by a sequence of sub-sections


refAbstractLine:
under "Environmental Information". Geology and Geomorphology are included under 'Physical'; the History of


refAbstractLine:
the Harbour, Archaeology, Drainage and Sea Defences are considered under 'Cultural'. There is an intervening


refAbstractLine:
Biological sub-section covering habitats, flora and fauna.


refAbstractLine:
The need for coastal protection at the site is outlined, followed by the relevant planning policy framework. The


refAbstractLine:
protection options, and preferred scheme, are evaluated, with particular reference to slope zones, ground movements


refAbstractLine:
and habitat characteristics. The report concludes with a critique of environmental constraints and benefits, and


refAbstractLine:
A specification of contract document for carrying out limited dredging and slipway construction in connection with


refAbstractLine:
the construction in connection with the construction of an oil well site. Data includes computation of tidal levels,


refAbstractLine:
tidal currents and wind vectors for the site; and physical analysis of material to be dredged from beach and nearshore


refAbstractLine:
zone. Construction works to protect structures include steel pilings, earthworks and revetments.


refAbstractLine:
A review of approaches to the estimation of sediment yield from relatively erodible coastal cliffs, based on


refAbstractLine:
extrapolations of recession rates derived from historical data and predictive process-based models. The latter are


refAbstractLine:
particularly pertinent to forecasting sediment yield under future conditions of accelerating sea-level rise. Models


refAbstractLine:
reviewed include those based on the Bruun "rule"; sediment budgets, and numerical approaches. The several assumptions


refAbstractLine:
and shortcomings are critically reviewed and the difficulties of identifying response timescales are


refAbstractLine:
emphasised. Discussion is applied to 8 contrasting cliff environments along the SCOPAC coastline.


refAbstractLine:
In the eastern extremity of the Isle of Wight, near Bembridge, marine interglacial deposits occur at a variety


refAbstractLine:
of different elevations. The highest of these, the Steyne Wood Clay, is an estuarine deposit that lies between 38 and


refAbstractLine:
40 m OD, and rests on Bembridge Marls (Lower Oligocene). The Steyne Wood Clay, which had previously been assigned to


refAbstractLine:
the post-temperate substage of a Middle Pleistocene interglacial, has now yielded a diverse coccolith assemblage


refAbstractLine:
dominated by Gephyrocapsa oceanica and G caribbeanica. The absence of both Pseudoemiliania lacunosa, with a last


refAbstractLine:
occurrence datum at ca 0.475 Ma BP and Emiliania huxleyi, with a first occurrence datum at ca 0.275 Ma BP, suggests


refAbstractLine:
deposition during this time interval. The dating of the Steyne Wood Clay is further constrained by palaeomagnetic


refAbstractLine:
data, indicating normal geomagnetic polarity, and by amino acid ratios consistent with an early Middle Pleistocene age.


refAbstractLine:
An extended and revised list of Foraminifera and Ostracoda is given, including the description of Leptocythere


refAbstractLine:
steynewoodensis sp nov. The low-level interglacial deposits make up the Bembridge Raised Beach, here formally defined as


refAbstractLine:
consisting of high-energy beach gravels, intertidal sands and organic muds, which represent a single fining-upwards


refAbstractLine:
sequence. Pollen analysis of the organic muds indicates that these accumulated during the early and late-temperate


refAbstractLine:
substages of the Ipswichian interglacial (Ip IIb-III). Thermo-luminiscence dates of ca 115 Ka BP have been obtained


refAbstractLine:
from sand lenses within the Raised Beach itself, which also support correlation with the Ipswichian. The Bembridge


refAbstractLine:
Raised Beach occupies an altitudinal range of 5-18 m OD and thickens rapidly in a westerly direction where it abuts a


refAbstractLine:
cliff cut into the Bembridge Marls. Details are given of the composition, morphology and sedimentology of the gravels


refAbstractLine:
constituting the Beach, and similarities to recent cuspate forland and split accumulations are highlighted. A similar


refAbstractLine:
origin is proposed for this feature. The upper surface of the Beach has been soliflucted and deposits of


refAbstractLine:
matrix-supported gravel, rich in clay, thicken downslope in an easterly direction. This solifluction has been disturbed


refAbstractLine:
by cryoturbation. Both the in situ and soliflucted beach are mantled by brickearth, a reworked aeolian silt, which


refAbstractLine:
reaches a maximum thickness of 10 m. A Late Devonian age for this unit has been established by thermoluminiscence


refAbstractLine:
dates in the range 16.0+1.5 to 21.5+2 Ka BP. Near Lane End, a sedge-peat rich in plant macrofossils and insects occurs


refAbstractLine:
between two gravel units. These appear to post-date the Raised Beach and are interpreted as of fluvial origin. The


refAbstractLine:
gravel capping the cliffs at Priory Bay, the richest source of Palaeolithic artefacts on the Isle of Wight, occurs


refAbstractLine:
between 29 and 33 m OD and is also thought to be a fluvial aggradation unrelated to the Raised Beach. The relationship


refAbstractLine:
of these marine deposits to those occurring on the adjacent mainland are considered. The Steyne Wood Clay is correlated


refAbstractLine:
with the Slindon Sands at Boxgrove, part of the Goodwood-Slindon Raised Beach, which occur at an identical


refAbstractLine:
elevation and have produced a similarly diverse coccolith assemblage. Additional palaeontological evidence from


refAbstractLine:
Boxgrove suggests that the interglacial deposits should be assigned to a temperate stage falling in the latter part of


refAbstractLine:
the 'Cromerian Complex'. Correlation of the Steyne Wood Clay and Slindon Sands with oxygen isotope stage 9, 11 or 13


refAbstractLine:
seems very probable. Reasons for the occurrence of marine deposits of this age at ca 40 m OD are considered and it is


refAbstractLine:
thought that Neotectonic activity is at least partly responsible. Mean rates of uplift of between 5.3 and 15.5 mm


refAbstractLine:
ka -1 have been calculated from age estimates for stages 9, 11 and 13 derived from the deep-sea record. However, it is


refAbstractLine:
unlikely that the uplift was uniform in either rate or direction. The diverse coccolith assemblages preserved in


refAbstractLine:
the Steyne Wood Clay and in the Slindon Sands indicate a full open connection with the marine waters of the central


refAbstractLine:
English Channel, and suggests that a thermocline was then present in the Channel at a time when the Straits of Dover


refAbstractLine:
were probably closed. The interglacial channel deposits on the modern foreshore of Bracklesham Bay near Earnley have


refAbstractLine:
produced a limited coccolith assemblage. Because the altitudinal and palynological differences between these


refAbstractLine:
deposits and the Steyne Wood Clay are so great, they are thought to belong to different interglacial stages. The


refAbstractLine:
Bembridge Raised Beach is thought to equate with similar deposits on the northern shore of the Solent at Selsey,


refAbstractLine:
Stone and West Wittering, which has also now yielded pollen, reported here.


refAbstractLine:
An account of rubble structures used on UK beaches to retain sand or shingle, together with the results of recent


refAbstractLine:
research designed to improve the performance of rock armoured control approaches. The analysis of profile


refAbstractLine:
measurements on a rock revetment on Hurst Spit is used to illustrate levels of damage that may be sustained above


refAbstractLine:
those predicted by "standard" formulae. Beach slopes may change breaking wave forms to an extent that substantially


refAbstractLine:
This paper is a critical analysis of the rational model in planning. As political science and theory have contributed


refAbstractLine:
little to the environmental debate, natural resources problems have often been misunderstood as technical instead


refAbstractLine:
of political in every sense. The 'implementation gap', or the failure of plans and policies to produce intended


refAbstractLine:
outcomes, is blamed on problems of process. Solutions are sought in improved institutional arrangements and rational


refAbstractLine:
techniques. Yet there are significant political, administrative and technical/scientific constraints to


refAbstractLine:
rational planning and implementation. This is illustrated by an assessment of the British planning system in


refAbstractLine:
regulating mineral development in coastal areas. A brief case study examines the 30-year attempt of Dorset County


refAbstractLine:
officials to phase out beach gravel extractions from the internationally significant Chesil Beach coast. The


refAbstractLine:
analysis reveals that a decision which is 'rational' from a planning point of view has been influenced by the exercise


refAbstractLine:
of political desecration, scientific uncertainty and an administrative legacy of multiple and overlapping


refAbstractLine:
A summary account of the evolution of the Lyme Regis Environmental Improvement Programme, 1989-94, involving the


refAbstractLine:
construction of a multi-functional seawall structure. The original problems of providing adequate sea defence; local


refAbstractLine:
geological conditions and sewage disposal problems are given. This is followed by an outline of original


refAbstractLine:
proposals, following physical modelling; the amended scheme; design options and pre contract planning, and some


refAbstractLine:
concluding reflections on public consultation and public relations. Maps and sections illustrate the details of


refAbstractLine:
Graphical presentation of grain size distribution of fractions > 63 p from nearshore and offshore samples in


refAbstractLine:
Analysis of Particle Size Distribution of six cores taken from middle and lower beach/nearshore sampling stations


refAbstractLine:
across seven transect lines. Studland Bay samples were better sorted than those from Poole Bay, but all were


refAbstractLine:
dominated by the 3 PHI fraction. Poole Bay beach sites had a much thinner surface layer of sand, and contained a


refAbstractLine:
greater proportion of coarse clastic material. Infauna analysis revealed dominance by Polychaete worms and


refAbstractLine:
crustaceans; Poole Bay infauna had fewer taxa and lower faunal diversity.


refAbstractLine:
A report on the assessment of aerial photography as a management tool for monitoring change in the range of


refAbstractLine:
habitats in the harbour. Sample studies of changes in the distribution of vegetation communities, mostly intertidal


refAbstractLine:
saltmarsh, are given. The results are based on aerial photography flown in 1994; there is a comparison with the


refAbstractLine:
air photo record of intertidal habitat condition and spatial plan for the late 1970s.


refAbstractLine:
Two dredging companies wish to dredge for aggregate (a mixture of sand and gravel) from an area to the south-west


refAbstractLine:
of Selsey Bill (known as Area 395). As part of the informal consultation stage of the Government View Procedure for


refAbstractLine:
determining production licence applications the Department of the Environment (Minerals Planning Division) require


refAbstractLine:
advice on whether the dredging could have adverse effects on the shorelines nearest to the dredging area. Before the


refAbstractLine:
production licence can be awarded, it must be demonstrated that the proposed dredging would have no detrimental effect


refAbstractLine:
on the surrounding coastlines. In this case, the areas most likely to be affected are the Isle of Wight, Hayling Island


refAbstractLine:
and from West Wittering round to Selsey Bill. This report describes the numerical model study which was carried out by


refAbstractLine:
HR to determine whether the proposed dredging to the south-west of Selsey Bill could be undertaken without


refAbstractLine:
altering the wave climate in the region. The study showed that the proposed dredging would not have a significant


refAbstractLine:
impact on the height of waves reaching the coast. The study also included the calculation of the wave climate in the


refAbstractLine:
dredging area. Such information can be used in any later sediment mobility study of the region to assess whether the


refAbstractLine:
dredging would interrupt any possible supply of beach material. A seabed mobility study is recommended before a


refAbstractLine:
A case study of the coast from Portsmouth to Poole Harbour examined from the point of view of integrated coastal zone


refAbstractLine:
management. Economic activities, management institutions, and apparent conflicts provide the basis for evaluating


refAbstractLine:
integrated planning and decision implementation. Specific coastal zone developments included are oilfield development


refAbstractLine:
in Poole Harbour; coastal protection at Hengistbury Head and Christchurch Harbour and water quality in the Solent.


refAbstractLine:
Outline of proposals for a sea defence. Management Plan, identifying options, environmental issues and economic


refAbstractLine:
A device for measuring shoreline directional wave spectra is described which has successfully measured shoreline waves


refAbstractLine:
over a three-month period, including some major storm events. The directional energy densities have been


refAbstractLine:
determined using the maximum likelihood method (MLM). All of the derived wave parameters have been entered in a


refAbstractLine:
temporary database, which will eventually form part of a much larger permanent computer database. This database will


refAbstractLine:
comprise a unique set of high quality directional wave data which may be used for evaluating computational models of


refAbstractLine:
wave transformations and the effects of offshore breakwaters on beach evolution. Deployment of the device configuration


refAbstractLine:
was at Elmer, West Sussex. Context details are provided.


refAbstractLine:
Previous work has shown that the type of clay mineral, the valency state of absorbed cations and the salt concentration


refAbstractLine:
of pore-water influences the residual strength of clays. Residual strength can therefore be modified through


refAbstractLine:
weathering reactions, clay mineral alterations and fluctuations in groundwater chemistry. This has


refAbstractLine:
implications for studies of the seasonal and long-term behaviour of clay slopes. The paper presents results from


refAbstractLine:
an investigation of a shallow coastal mudslide on the south coast of England (Warbarrow Bay, Dorset) which attempts to


refAbstractLine:
isolate the influence of physico-chemical processes on mudslides behaviour. Fluctuations in groundwater chemistry


refAbstractLine:
coincided with temporal movement patterns. low pore-water ion concentrations were apparent immediately before seasonal


refAbstractLine:
mudslide reactivation or periods of high activity. Laboratory tests showed that low pore-water ion


refAbstractLine:
concentrations resulted in low residual shear strength; higher concentrations observed after movement events led to


refAbstractLine:
A summary of beach monitoring within the Poole Bay sub-cell, between 1974 and 1994. There are three sections, concerned


refAbstractLine:
with beach profiling; particle size distribution sampling and observations on littoral drift directions. This report


refAbstractLine:
reviews the existing archive of appropriate data; identifies trends, and attempts brief explanations for apparent


refAbstractLine:
changes. An attempt is made to predict future changes, together with recommendations on management inputs needed to


refAbstractLine:
15 articles the address the issues involved in replenishing sand and shingle beaches with sediment located in the


refAbstractLine:
inshore/nearshore environment. The intrinsic properties of potential sediment sources, the practical difficulties of


refAbstractLine:
achieving sustainable replenishment, impacts on habitats and resources, and overall feasibility's are reviewed. The


refAbstractLine:
views of the DOE and the marine aggregate industry are represented. (Case studies drawn from the SCOPAC area are


refAbstractLine:
A personal introduction and critique (D Brewerton) followed by a summary of the South Coast seabed Mobility Study


refAbstractLine:
(Hydraulics Research Report EX2795); observations and comments based on ongoing and past research by David Davies


refAbstractLine:
and Hume Wallace; and a critical review of the study and its conclusions by Michael Owen. Shortcomings of the study with


refAbstractLine:
respect to sand and weed-raffed gravel in areas of complex seabed topography are the focus of discussion.


refAbstractLine:
Précis of lecture on uncertainties of coastal defence, followed by questions and answers on aspects of Sussex


refAbstractLine:
Coastal defence measures completed recently, or in progress. Selsey is discussed (pp 14-16) in the general context of


refAbstractLine:
Managed Retreat; this forms a transcript of a Radio Solent discussion involving Richard Leafe and Derek Brewerton,


refAbstractLine:
followed by comments by David Martin at the featured lecture.


refAbstractLine:
Background to, and assessment of landslide movements at Blackgang in January 1994. Geology and geomorphology of the


refAbstractLine:
location are described, with particular reference to the local variation of landslide features (subdivided into four


refAbstractLine:
systems). Much of the detail is given on a series of accompanying maps and sections. The events in question are


refAbstractLine:
put in context by an account of the history of landsliding and coast erosion at Blackgang; coastal erosion rates,


refAbstractLine:
1862-1994 are calculated, causes of past and recent landsliding are explained by reference to preparatory and


refAbstractLine:
triggering mechanisms. The potential extension of land instability and management options (including monitoring the


refAbstractLine:
An assessment of the nature and extent of recent landsliding, and the specific causes and impacts of a large


refAbstractLine:
landslide at 'The landslip', near Bonchurch, in early February 1995. An historical review of documented landslip


refAbstractLine:
events is followed by descriptive accounts of the local geology and geomorphology; the morphological impacts of the


refAbstractLine:
event; probable causes and mechanism; impacts on land uses; potential for further slope instability; conclusions and


refAbstractLine:
recommendations of remedial measures. A series of maps and sections, and photographs, accompany the report.


refAbstractLine:
An account of the geomorphology of the Undercliff between Woody Point and Sugar Loaf; documented landslide events and


refAbstractLine:
analysis of cliff retreat at Woody Bay using 1:2500 topographical maps. In light of probable failure


refAbstractLine:
mechanisms, and their relationship to loss of passive support provided by lower coastal slope, a sequence of


refAbstractLine:
landslide management options are proposed. It is concluded that coast protection at Woody Bay would reduce


refAbstractLine:
toe-unloading and thereby increase margins of safety.


refAbstractLine:
Background summary of the nature of Hurst (Castle) shingle spit, and the causes and consequences of recent erosion.


refAbstractLine:
Diminution of sediment supply has caused a series of overwash events, but a major breach occurred in 1989. This


refAbstractLine:
provoked an ambitious plan by New Forest District Council to stabilise the spit. This various options available are


refAbstractLine:
described, culminating in the specific proposal to recharge Hurst spit with sediment derived from the Shingles Bank.


refAbstractLine:
The processes of design, consultation and further review and evaluation of project viability are described. (At the time


refAbstractLine:
of writing, the project had not been given final approval).


refAbstractLine:
A letter outlining qualifications over the context of Volume 2, relating specifically to: (i) westward movement of sand


refAbstractLine:
along beaches between Brighton and Portsmouth; (ii) seabed sand movement offshore Selsey; (iii) artificial


refAbstractLine:
replenishment at Medmerry, and its input into sediment transport to the west.


refAbstractLine:
An approach to grain size trend analysis is developed on the basis of a semi-quantitative filtering technique. Using


refAbstractLine:
this technique, grain size trends identified from a grid of surficial sediment samples are transformed into a "residual


refAbstractLine:
pattern" representing net sediment transport paths. The method assumes that the grain size trends used for the


refAbstractLine:
analysis have a higher frequency of occurrence in sediment transport directions than in the opposite directions, but


refAbstractLine:
such dominance does not exist if there is no exchange of material between the sampling sites. The proposed method is


refAbstractLine:
applied to the analysis of grain size trends over the Christchurch Bay area, southern England. Mean grain size,


refAbstractLine:
sorting and skewness are used to form eight possible grain size trends; two of these are used to derive a residual


refAbstractLine:
pattern. The pattern obtained shows general agreement with transport patterns derived from other sediment dynamics


refAbstractLine:
investigations undertaken for the region. Further, a residual pattern similar to that of transport paths on the


refAbstractLine:
basis of estimates of longshore transport rates, for the Rhone Delta, is derived. The present investigation


refAbstractLine:
indicates that the feasibility of grain size trend analysis depends upon the selection of appropriate grain size trends


refAbstractLine:
From an archaeological perspective Langstone Harbour is an area of considerable potential importance. Limited field


refAbstractLine:
investigations in the past around the northern shoreline and within the intertidal zone have indicated the presence of


refAbstractLine:
archaeological sites and finds of all periods beginning with, at least, the later Mesolithic (7th-6th millennia BC),


refAbstractLine:
and those of recent historical interest. No systematic survey of the archaeological remains has been undertaken.


refAbstractLine:
Similarly, no systematic study has been made of the sedimentation history and physical development of the


refAbstractLine:
Harbour. This project is intended to be an integrated and seamless study of the archaeological resources of the


refAbstractLine:
intertidal and underwater zones of the Harbour and a limited dry hinterland in relation to its physical and environmental


refAbstractLine:
development. The archaeological aims of the project are to: provide a full database of known archaeological sites within


refAbstractLine:
Langstone Harbour; map known archaeological resources by period; record the real and predicted biases in the


refAbstractLine:
database; develop a computer based Geographical Information System (GIS) to hold, display, map and manipulate the


refAbstractLine:
archaeological database; develop predictive models for the position and potential for future recovery of archaeological


refAbstractLine:
data for each period; provide a methodological statement for the future study and management of intertidal archaeological


refAbstractLine:
A topical summary of the major issues identified in a study of the potential impact of Sealink's proposal to introduce


refAbstractLine:
larger ferries to the Lymington estuary. The uses; conservation status; planning, regulation and control inputs


refAbstractLine:
are reviewed prior to a summary of the morphological changes of Lymington estuary since the early nineteenth century.


refAbstractLine:
Results of a river traffic study provided qualitative evidence of the effects of wash, drawdown and return currents


refAbstractLine:
on saltmarsh edge erosion. Discussion considers the difficulties presented by the absence of an agreed estuary


refAbstractLine:
management plan and deficiencies in the database inter-agency co-operation, and co-ordination of planning and


refAbstractLine:
This study addressed the following issues: (i) Spartina die-back between Ella Nore and Chalkdock Point appears to be


refAbstractLine:
leading to increased rates of erosion of mud from the intertidal mudflat areas. Although tidal currents


refAbstractLine:
inevitably disturb low density surface mud layers in the intertidal areas to some extent, it is unlikely that erosion


refAbstractLine:
from these areas is caused exclusively by tidal currents, as the current speeds in these areas are relatively low.


refAbstractLine:
However, tidal currents probably dominate the transport and deposition of suspended mud released in the intertidal areas


refAbstractLine:
by other factors. (ii) The effects that a future breach of the hinge at East Head would have on the fate of mud eroded


refAbstractLine:
from the intertidal areas between Ella Nore and Chalkdock Point. (iii) The effects that a future breach of the hinge


refAbstractLine:
at East Head would have on sand transport patterns near the harbour mouth. The field data collection exercise obtained


refAbstractLine:
a set of hydraulic observations which were used to derive input data for a TELEMAC-2D model of spring and neap tidal


refAbstractLine:
flows in Chichester Harbour under existing conditions. The flow model results were validated using some of the results


refAbstractLine:
of the field exercise, and other published data. Following the validation, the tidal flow model was used to assess the


refAbstractLine:
effects of the East Head breach on tidal currents in the harbour. The likely fate of mud eroded from the intertidal


refAbstractLine:
areas denuded of Spartina was predicted using the SEDPLUME-RW suspended mud plume model. A second sediment


refAbstractLine:
movement model, SANDFLOW-2D, was applied to predict the effect that the East Head breach would have on sand


refAbstractLine:
transport patterns. The results of the model studies indicated that, for the range of tidal and wind conditions


refAbstractLine:
studied, 45-60% of the mud eroded from the intertidal areas between Ella Nore and Chalkdock Point would be permanently


refAbstractLine:
flushed from Chichester Harbour. The mud remaining would probably be deposited in the shallowest areas of most of the


refAbstractLine:
harbour reaches. Much of the eroded mud will probably be subsequently re-deposited in the areas from which it was


refAbstractLine:
eroded. Localised mud deposits may form in the channel near the confluence of the Bosham Channel and Itchenor Reach, but


refAbstractLine:
throughout most of the harbour, the navigable channels are probably unaffected by deposition of mud originating in the


refAbstractLine:
intertidal areas between Ella Nore and Chalkdock Point. For the range of tidal and wind conditions studied, a breach at


refAbstractLine:
East Head is unlikely to affect significantly the fate of mud eroded from the intertidal areas between Ella Nore and


refAbstractLine:
Chalkdock Point. Existing patterns of bed surface sand deposits would probably not be affected significantly by a


refAbstractLine:
The study is in two main elements. Firstly, an assessment of joint extreme wave and water level conditions was carried


refAbstractLine:
out at a number of locations along the study frontage. This information was then used to calculate 1:200 year return


refAbstractLine:
period overtopping discharges and a prediction made of the crest levels required to withstand this event. Secondly,


refAbstractLine:
current fields in the western half of Chichester Harbour were assessed. This information was then used to assess the


refAbstractLine:
effect of combined wave-current bed shear stresses from which deposition and erosion patterns can be deduced and


refAbstractLine:
subsequently mapped against patterns of coastal erosion. This will allow an estimate to be made of the future


refAbstractLine:
development of the coast within the study area. The results of this study indicate that the existing defences are


refAbstractLine:
inadequate to defend against sea conditions with return periods of l:200 years. Recommendations have been made for


refAbstractLine:
increased crest levels to protect against these conditions. Analysis of the bed shear stresses suggest that there is


refAbstractLine:
little erosion or deposition of the sea bed in the study area. This agrees with strong visual evidence from the site


refAbstractLine:
Internally maintained database of (i) beach levels on both sides of groynes, from Borough boundary to Shore Road; and


refAbstractLine:
along Hamworthy Beach, Poole Harbour. Recorded every 2 months since mid 1991. (ii) 3 monthly surveys of beach


refAbstractLine:
cross-sections east of Sandbanks rock groynes. Recorded on Excel spreadsheet format.


refAbstractLine:
A comparative review of processes of sediment motion on beaches and tracer techniques (including fluorescent


refAbstractLine:
tracers), is followed by an experiment at Hill Head. This uses tracers both pre-constructed and prepared on site,


refAbstractLine:
though recovery rates were low. Large particles moved the greatest net distances, though smaller clasts exhibited the


refAbstractLine:
more rapid rates of displacement up and down the beach face. Results only apply to coarse clastic material.


refAbstractLine:
The Isle of Portland, southern England, is composed of gently folded Upper Jurassic Beds ranging from the


refAbstractLine:
Kimmeridge Clay through the Portland Group to the Lower Purbeck Group which are gently folded to form part of the


refAbstractLine:
northern end of the Shambles Syncline. The essential arrangement of the beds is for hard, jointed well-bedded and


refAbstractLine:
permeable Purbeck and Portland limestones to overlie the Kimmeridge Clay members. The jointing along NW-SE, NE-SW,


refAbstractLine:
N-S and E-W master and conjugate sets closely parallels the axis of the syncline and the NNE-SSW fault pattern of the


refAbstractLine:
Purbeck Anticline and is a major regional landform control at all scales from the occurrence and form of individual


refAbstractLine:
rock falls to the shape of the island itself. Portland has a large number of landslips, which have been mapped from


refAbstractLine:
colour air photography. Their spatial pattern is spectacularly related to the geological conditions of the


refAbstractLine:
island and varies in size and type in a systematic manner as the thickness of clay and the orientation of the dip changes


refAbstractLine:
with respect to the coastline orientation. The slips, which occur predominantly in the winter months after heavy


refAbstractLine:
rainfall, are of frequent occurrence and pose major hazards to engineering structures. The landslide pattern and the


refAbstractLine:
overall morphology of the island is used to suggest a tentative model of landscape evolution which emphasises the


refAbstractLine:
process of lateral spreading, loading, clay extrusion and erosional unloading.


refAbstractLine:
Differentiation of natural process units is promoted as a means of better understanding the interconnected nature of


refAbstractLine:
coastal systems at various scales. This paper presents a new holistic methodology for the identification of littoral


refAbstractLine:
cells. Testing is undertaken through application to an extensive region of central southern England. Diverse


refAbstractLine:
sources of information are compiled to map a detailed series of local sediment circulations both at the shoreline and in


refAbstractLine:
the offshore zone. Cells and sub-cells are subsequently defined by thorough examination of the continuity of


refAbstractLine:
sediment transport pathways and by identification of boundaries where there are discontinuities. Important


refAbstractLine:
distinctions are made between the nature and stability of different boundaries and a classification of types is


refAbstractLine:
devised. Application of sediment budget analysis to major process units helps to clarify the regional significance of


refAbstractLine:
different sediment sources, stores and sinks. Within the study area, it is shown that sediments circulate from


refAbstractLine:
distinct eroding cliff sources to well defined sinks. Natural beaches are transient and dependent upon the


refAbstractLine:
continued functioning of supply pathways from cliff sources. Relict cells with residual circulations are identified as a


refAbstractLine:
consequence of interference. Littoral cell boundaries separate independent coastal units from those that are


refAbstractLine:
partially, or totally dependent so the spatial impacts of various processes and practices can be discerned. They


refAbstractLine:
identify appropriate units for management, from which new co-operative groupings of local authorities can develop.


refAbstractLine:
A tracer experiment was undertaken, using painted and aluminium pebbles, at two sites located to the either sides


refAbstractLine:
of the drift divide previously. This was combined with the collection of 6 beach sediment samples, short-term


refAbstractLine:
measurements of wave heights and current velocities (at 2 stations), and surveys along 7 beach profiles. The


refAbstractLine:
observations should not be interpreted as representing the annually-averaged conditions. During the experiment, the


refAbstractLine:
waves were relatively low in height (with maximum heights around 0.2 m), with a zero crossing period of 1 to 3 s. The


refAbstractLine:
currents were also weak. This pattern is as expected, because the observations relate to neap tidal and calm


refAbstractLine:
weather conditions. The beach profile data indicate erosion, during the experiment, over the central part of the


refAbstractLine:
study area; this is located near to the drift divide proposed by Barcock and Collins (1991). The beach material


refAbstractLine:
had a mean grain size of between 2 and 3 cm. For such material, the observed currents were too small to cause


refAbstractLine:
movement under non-breaking conditions. Therefore, the observed transport should have taken place within the surf


refAbstractLine:
zone, controlled by a combination of wave breaking and the beach slope effects. Generally, the transport rates in the


refAbstractLine:
north-eastern part of the study area were about an order of magnitude greater than in the south-western part. The


refAbstractLine:
transport patterns identified, representing gravel movement under weak waves and neap tides, were consistent with the


refAbstractLine:
drift divide concept. Because the effect of the observed drift divide will be significantly magnified under spring


refAbstractLine:
tides and increased wave action when more intensive beach erosion will occur, data collected under such conditions


refAbstractLine:
This is a general handbook covering beach morphodynamics; data collection; monitoring; beach protection scheme


refAbstractLine:
appraisal, design, recharge, implementation and ongoing management and maintenance. It is a comprehensive guide to


refAbstractLine:
all aspects of practical beach management, and uses a wide variety of examples. Several are taken from the coastline


refAbstractLine:
Barton-on-Sea, on the south coast of England, has Eocene stiff clay cliffs rising up to 20 m above sea level and


refAbstractLine:
overlain by plateau gravels. Erosion was threatening the residential area and in 1959 a study lead to construction of


refAbstractLine:
experimental works followed by full works to stabilise the cliffs and protect the toe over a frontage of 1500 m. A


refAbstractLine:
steel sheet pile diaphragm cut off water draining from the gravels, rock counterfort drains carried the water down the


refAbstractLine:
cliffs. Subsequently a system of five artificial rock headlands have been introduced at approximately 400 m


refAbstractLine:
spacing. A minimum of shingle beach nourishment has been provided with each headland to establish an embrio


refAbstractLine:
An overview of the physical and socio-economic characteristics of the Dorset coast, produced as background


refAbstractLine:
and baseline data to a discussion document on the Future of Dorset's coast. The physical coast section reviews


refAbstractLine:
geological and geomorphological attributes; coastline evolution; morphological classification; sediment


refAbstractLine:
circulation; contemporary climate and climatic change, and marine and estuarine habitats. The Human Uses of the Coast


refAbstractLine:
covers all aspects of development, resource and marine space usage, which includes a review of shoreline management


refAbstractLine:
philosophy. The impact of projected sea-level rise is considered as an ingredient of future adjustment to change.


refAbstractLine:
The need for special approaches to conserving dynamic coastal landforms and their habitats as integral parts of


refAbstractLine:
the landscape are discussed. A classification of coastal landforms based upon mutual interdependence is proposed.


refAbstractLine:
Examples are used to demonstrate how this classification is useful in conservation management. Past management


refAbstractLine:
interventions are highlighted as problematic. Opportunities for holistic management strategies within the shoreline


refAbstractLine:
management plans being prepared by local authorities around England and Wales are identified and case studies are


refAbstractLine:
A review of key development and activity pressures affecting the Dorset coast, including conservation; renewable and


refAbstractLine:
finite resource development; water quality and pollution; strategic (defence) uses; tourism and recreation, and rising


refAbstractLine:
sea-level. The question is posed as to how these demands, and their conflicts, can be managed to ensure sustainable


refAbstractLine:
Since 1991 South Wight Borough Council and its successor the Isle of Wight Council (following local government


refAbstractLine:
re-organisation in 1995), has been developing and implementing a landslide management for vulnerable sections


refAbstractLine:
of its coast as part of an overall coastal zone management strategy. Of particular concern has been the Undercliff


refAbstractLine:
along the southern coast of the Isle of Wight, which is one of the largest urban complexes in north-western Europe. The


refAbstractLine:
Undercliff is particularly susceptible to ground movement arising from marine erosion and rainfall above certain


refAbstractLine:
thresholds; differing units within the landslide complex vary in their sensitivity to these influences. In 1993/94 and


refAbstractLine:
1994/95 a series of major landslides and cliff failures occurred at Sandown Bay, Bonchurch Landslip, Steephill,


refAbstractLine:
Niton Undercliff and Blackgang. These incidents led to an extension of the various geotechnical studies already


refAbstractLine:
commissioned by the Council as well as development of further strategies to try and manage these sites. This


refAbstractLine:
paper describes briefly the nature and impact of the failures and reviews the success of landslide management


refAbstractLine:
techniques at each location in terms of implementing planning and building controls and preventative and remedial


refAbstractLine:
engineering measures. The paper continues by describing efforts to co-ordinate the response of the local community


refAbstractLine:
with respect to the problems of maintaining the existing infrastructure within this landslide system. Lessons learnt


refAbstractLine:
on the Isle of Wight may be of practical benefit at other sites where development has taken place on unstable land,


refAbstractLine:
particularly for those involved with urban landslide management problems, and key points are highlighted in the


refAbstractLine:
The subject of this paper is part of a wider investigation into the engineering implications of the predicted sea-level


refAbstractLine:
rise as a result of climate change on a typical maritime local authority (MLA) using the Borough of Gosport in


refAbstractLine:
Hampshire as a detailed case study. The paper describes the analysis of the drainage systems of three catchment areas,


refAbstractLine:
each with different surface characteristics, within the Borough of Gosport. The performance of each system is


refAbstractLine:
examined under a combination of three possible sea-level rise scenarios and two possible storm conditions. The


refAbstractLine:
results give cause for concern and have to be taken seriously; it is proposed that effects of rising sea levels,


refAbstractLine:
due to global warming, should be taken into account in current design work. It is proposed that a new assessment


refAbstractLine:
procedure 'climatic impact assessment' becomes a compulsory requirement for all schemes that might be sensitive to the


refAbstractLine:
effects of climate change. Many professional engineers still do not consider that global warming effects will take


refAbstractLine:
place. However, this paper confirms that the concerns being expressed regarding the effects of climate change have to be


refAbstractLine:
taken seriously. It is likely that every MLA will be affected by these changes, and the cost implications of this


refAbstractLine:
are very significant. There is a serious lack of systematic data collection for assessment of the possible impacts.


refAbstractLine:
Each macrocell is subdivided into Subcells and its salient characteristics of coastal morphodynamics are summarised,


refAbstractLine:
and shown on an accompanying map. Areas of net erosion and accretion are specified. Cells separately identified are:


refAbstractLine:
Beachy Head to Selsey Bill; Selsey Bill to Portsmouth Harbour; Portsmouth Harbour to Southampton (Totton);


refAbstractLine:
Southampton (Totton) to Hurst Spit; Hurst Spit to Durlston Head; the Needles to Foreland, Isle of Wight; Foreland to


refAbstractLine:
the Needles, Isle of Wight; Durlston Head to Portland Bill; Portland Bill to Dawlish Warren.


refAbstractLine:
Transcripts of six public lectures/seminars, together with discussion, on the theme of coastal protection and defence


refAbstractLine:
in West Sussex. (Each chapter is separately abstracted). Lectures are based on broad topics and themes, with


refAbstractLine:
discussion tending to be more area and site-specific. An introduction draws out some of the salient points, and is


refAbstractLine:
followed by a chapter of selective quotations from speakers, under a series of systematic headings.


refAbstractLine:
A short account of the role and responsibilities of the NRA with respect to defence against coastal flooding, using the


refAbstractLine:
Felpham programme of defence upgrading (1993/94) as an example. Discussion points cover flood magnitudes, flood


refAbstractLine:
hazard and risk, using various examples along the West Sussex frontage. Institutional responsibilities are


refAbstractLine:
considered, together with various dimensions of forward planning and forecasting.


refAbstractLine:
An outline of the decision-making processes in coastal engineering, with particular reference to the procedures


refAbstractLine:
laid down by MAFF. These constrain the development of options. Scheme appraisals are subject to engineering,


refAbstractLine:
environmental and economic evaluation. Discussion includes some comments on groynes at Selsey.


refAbstractLine:
An overview of the major ecological communities, and some of the specific life forms, of the central English Channel.


refAbstractLine:
Reference is made to proven and potential relationships between life forms and sediment transport. Discussion


refAbstractLine:
elaborates on both these specific points and broader issues such as seaweed deposition on beaches.


refAbstractLine:
A review of geology, hydrogeology, general geomorphology and historical evidence of cliff recession, followed by more


refAbstractLine:
specific analysis of slope failure conditions and slope stability. Defence options are examined, particularly


refAbstractLine:
remedial drainage measures; toe protection; and the regrading/soil nailing of the main cliff backscar.


refAbstractLine:
Estimates of backscar and sea cliff retreat rates are given, based on a variety of archival sources. The report


refAbstractLine:
concludes with a general cost: benefit analysis, elaborated using assumptions of different retreat rates.


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Evolution of the coastline; existing defences; monitored changes for a sequence of beach profiles along the


refAbstractLine:
Bournemouth frontage; calculations of beach volume changes and of net sediment transport pathways.


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Largely factual presentation of data from drogue tracking, with some analysis of the evidence of surface currents


refAbstractLine:
A brief background to the geology and geohydrology of the site is followed by an outline of a proposed scheme of cliff


refAbstractLine:
slope stabilisation involving retrogression of an area of persistent failure. Design features, environmental impacts,


refAbstractLine:
estimated costs and scheme justification are outlined. The slip occurs in a cliff originally regraded in 1969; the


refAbstractLine:
present instability can be attributed to that regrading.


refAbstractLine:
The geology of the landslip site, including stratigraphy, lithology and structure prefaces an analysis of the


refAbstractLine:
historical recession of the inherently unstable cliffs of this coastal sector. Details are given of the results of


refAbstractLine:
piezometric, borehole and inclinometer investigations, which are then analysed to produce a schedule of options for


refAbstractLine:
remedial action. These all involve slope regrading. The problem occurs in an area regraded in 1969; remedial work


refAbstractLine:
carried out subsequently, notably in 1984-1987, are described.


refAbstractLine:
A Stage 3 report on tide levels and return periods in Weymouth Harbour, and proposals for raising the harbour wall


refAbstractLine:
in the context of forecast changes in sea-level rise and tidal prism. Environmental impacts are outlined.


refAbstractLine:
An analysis of the probable impacts on longshore sediment transport rates; beach volumes and sediment composition; and


refAbstractLine:
nearshore seabed morphology arising from the proposed construction of a flood water culvert in southern Swanage


refAbstractLine:
This report includes general background on beach and backshore environments along the Dorset coast, specifically


refAbstractLine:
beach shapes, planforms and sediment composition. (Most of the text addresses clearance of oil pollution).


refAbstractLine:
Analysis of rates of cliffline (not beach) recession based on analysis of successive ordnance survey map and plan


refAbstractLine:
A landslip in the coastal slope to the west of the River Winniford at Seatown in Dorset, is currently very active;


refAbstractLine:
the landslip and associated near vertical backscar of which is putting property at risk. The mechanism for instability,


refAbstractLine:
determined from a feasibility study, is that of failure along slip planes, dictated by the underlying geology of the


refAbstractLine:
area. A high ground water table, and consequent high pore water pressures, in the clay further reduces the stability


refAbstractLine:
of the slope. The instability is further aggravated by erosion at the toe of the coastal slope by the sea. The


refAbstractLine:
method proposed for stabilising the coastal slope is that of drainage within the body of the landslip to reduce ground


refAbstractLine:
water levels, with rock protection at the toe to reduce erosion. The height of the backscar of the slip, which is


refAbstractLine:
an almost vertical, exposed, cliff face, is increasing as movement of the coastal slope continues seaward. The


refAbstractLine:
backscar will not remain stable in the long term, and hence it is proposed that the backscar face be strengthened and


refAbstractLine:
stabilised by 'soil nailing'. The findings of an Environmental Assessment were favourable towards a coast


refAbstractLine:
protection scheme at Seatown, along the lines of that proposed above. A benefit assessment has also indicated


refAbstractLine:
that a coast protection scheme is economically viable.


refAbstractLine:
A review of the major coastline types within the Solent is followed by a very brief geomorphological background to the


refAbstractLine:
causes of erosion and flooding; a digest of the changes in coast protection philosophy in the last decade; a profile of


refAbstractLine:
the major coastal protection issues; the role of Shoreline Management Planning, and a concluding discussion of the


refAbstractLine:
future challenges, or issues. Much of the content is only very loosely related to the Solent.


refAbstractLine:
A detailed overview of the character and condition of the coastal zone of south Wight Borough Council, setting out


refAbstractLine:
existing policies for its management, as the basis for an integrated approach over the intermediate time scale. The


refAbstractLine:
national and European institutional structure is outlined, followed by a precis of Strategic Shoreline Management


refAbstractLine:
advanced by SCOPAC and the broad spectrum of coastal planning policies operating in the Isle of Wight.


refAbstractLine:
Island-wide summaries of Geology, Geomorphology, Landscape, Natural Environment, Heritage, Recreation, commercial


refAbstractLine:
activity and pollution preface detailed accounts of six consecutive sectors of the authority's coastal zone. Each


refAbstractLine:
of these is accompanied by a variety of maps, diagrams, plates and other illustrative figures.


refAbstractLine:
A systematic account of the geological structure, lithostratigraphy and geomorphological character of the


refAbstractLine:
county, followed by a sequence of field excursion guides. Emphasis is on the coastline.


refAbstractLine:
This is revised and expanded edition of the relevant content of "Classic Landforms of the Dorset Coast" (1981). See


refAbstractLine:
The shoreline at Netley Cliff is eroding at a rate of between 0.1 m and 0.3 m per year. This is putting at risk


refAbstractLine:
from erosion twelve properties plus other assets with a combined market value of 7 million pounds. The local


refAbstractLine:
residents are concerned over the potential loss of their land and properties, and in some instances have installed


refAbstractLine:
their own ad-hoc coast protection. A coast protection feasibility study carried out in 1994 identified an


refAbstractLine:
economically viable preferred coast protection scheme comprising the extension of the existing gabion defences


refAbstractLine:
(wire mesh baskets containing stones) and beach nourishment (addition of shingle). This Engineers Report supports the


refAbstractLine:
findings of the Feasibility Study. The environmental review and the accompanying Beach Management Plan helped establish


refAbstractLine:
that the beach nourishment should be kept to a minimum, to reduce any impacts to the nearby mudflats. There is a


refAbstractLine:
proposal to designate the mudflats in and around Southampton Waters as being of international importance for the


refAbstractLine:
waterfowl populations they support. In addition, the concerns of the Netley Cliff Sailing Club over shingle


refAbstractLine:
interference with their slipway also support the need to minimise shingle nourishment, particularly at the south-east


refAbstractLine:
section. Regular beach level monitoring and manipulation will further reduce any impacts of these interests. The


refAbstractLine:
preferred scheme is therefore gabions plus minimum beach nourishment (Option 3). This has a benefit-ratio of 1.26


refAbstractLine:
including amenity benefits and 1.06 without amenity benefits. Based on the information made available, no


refAbstractLine:
significant environmental impacts are considered likely. The potential loss of mudflat has been reduced to 0.3 ha by


refAbstractLine:
selecting a scheme which uses a minimum amount of shingle whilst still retaining the technical viability of the


refAbstractLine:
scheme. It is recognise that some further investigations may still be required. This includes further discussion


refAbstractLine:
with environmental organisations over the loss of 0.3 ha of mudflat, a cliff trimming assessment, a tree survey, and


refAbstractLine:
ongoing environmental discussions at the detailed design stage.


refAbstractLine:
A factual presentation of a side-scan sonar survey of the inshore/nearshore bathymetry/morphology of the area intended


refAbstractLine:
for the construction of detached rock islands. Equipment specifications, sonar targets and a brief report on fishing


refAbstractLine:
A general view of coastal processes and protection techniques is followed by a review of, and advice on, nine


refAbstractLine:
specific perceived "problem" areas along Arun District Council's frontage. Recommendations and conclusions are set


refAbstractLine:
out. The penultimate section addresses the monitoring of land and mean sea levels.


refAbstractLine:
A review of the physical and hydraulic parameters defining the ongoing scheme to renourish Hurst Spit, together with


refAbstractLine:
critical commentary on the statutory and non-statutory procedures involved in bringing it to fruition. At the time


refAbstractLine:
of writing, it had not received approval, with delays involving the mechanism of the "Government view" procedure


refAbstractLine:
relating to offshore aggregate dredging of the Shingles Bank.


refAbstractLine:
This report is the second in a series presenting the results of a regular monitoring programme for Monmouth and Marine


refAbstractLine:
Parade beaches at Lyme Regis in Dorset. The stated objectives of the monitoring programme are to: (a) Measure


refAbstractLine:
accretion rates and volumes of shingle accumulation on Monmouth Beach, so that quantities which can be safely


refAbstractLine:
removed for replenishment of Marine Parade Beach, can be reliably ascertained. (b) Investigate shingle movement on


refAbstractLine:
Marine Parade Beach, particularly following replenishment exercises, so that the benefits can be assessed. The report


refAbstractLine:
covers a monitoring period April 1992 to March 1993, during which a replenishment exercise was undertaken.


refAbstractLine:
Approximately 1500 m3 (2400 t) of shingle from Monmouth Beach was placed in groyne bays along the town frontage in


refAbstractLine:
March 1993. Based on the analysis of data for Monmouth Beach, easterly longshore drift during the monitoring period


refAbstractLine:
was estimated to be 1516 m3pa, thus approximately balancing the volume removed. Analysis of the data for Marine Parade


refAbstractLine:
Beach showed that whilst two groyne bays remain relatively stable, two bays did exhibit some material losses, the


refAbstractLine:
remaining bay showing a net increase. The material loss is, however, not considered significant and replenishment does


refAbstractLine:
have positive protection and amenity benefits for the two frontage. On the question of siltation in the harbour area,


refAbstractLine:
in particular in the lee of the North Wall where a channel has been excavated to try and re-establish a sediment


refAbstractLine:
transport path between the harbour and the town frontage, results to-date have indicated that siltation is not


refAbstractLine:
significant. This result was unexpected and further monitoring is recommended to substantiate the finding and to


refAbstractLine:
gain a better understanding of siltation processes in this area.


refAbstractLine:
The first part of this report addresses shingle movement under waves and currents, and examines specifically methods


refAbstractLine:
of shear stress estimation; parameters concerning hydrodynamic conditions and sediment transport mechanisms.


refAbstractLine:
An account of regional studies, along the south coast of England is prefaced by a description of instrument


refAbstractLine:
development. Two sites are described - eastern Christchurch Bay and Middleton-on-Sea, West Sussex, covering hydrodynamic


refAbstractLine:
conditions (waves and tidal currents); seabed survey results; and seabed sediment sampling.


refAbstractLine:
An investigation of the wave height predictions along Christchurch Bay had been undertaken by Hydraulics Research,


refAbstractLine:
for the New Forest District Council as part of a coastal protection scheme for Hurst Spit. Predicted sources of


refAbstractLine:
error were inconsistent with measured data in the area. Possible sources of error were discussed, and an


refAbstractLine:
investigation into the bed roughness was undertaken using side scan sonar and surficial sediment samples. Several


refAbstractLine:
sets of data were used to compare the temporal variations of the Shingles Bank, and when little variation was found they


refAbstractLine:
were combined to produce a large morphological map of the area. A new roughness value was calculated for modelling


refAbstractLine:
use, and a significant reduction in predicted wave heights could be expected from the results obtained. Implications


refAbstractLine:
from the results suggest that shingle replenishment estimates could be reduced significantly.


refAbstractLine:
An intensive monitoring exercise, carried out during and subsequent to the reconstruction of Mudeford Quay


refAbstractLine:
(Christchurch Harbour) indicates that its Bathymetric and hydraulic impacts on "The Run" are - as predicted - small.


refAbstractLine:
Natural recovery to pre-project condition has taken place; "The Run" is subject to some natural fluctuation, but is an


refAbstractLine:
A description and critical review of the renourishment of sand beaches along the frontage of Bournemouth Borough


refAbstractLine:
Council with sand derived from the dredging and deepening of the Swash Channel (the main navigational approach to Poole


refAbstractLine:
Harbour). The negotiations needed to realise this project are descried, thus enabling beaches with critical levels to


refAbstractLine:
be renourished ahead of planned provision. The project was mooted in 1988 and completed in 1990.


refAbstractLine:
The water supply for Lyme Regis comes from a spring in the landslipped "undercliff" to the west of the town. Shallow


refAbstractLine:
landslide activity between the source and the shoreline poses a significant long-term threat to the pumping station.


refAbstractLine:
Degraded Cretaceous debris is sliding and flowing to the beach over a surface eroded through the Blue Lias. Its


refAbstractLine:
movement has been monitored and correlates well with periods of high rainfall. The cliff profile above the source


refAbstractLine:
consists of four large blocks of Chalk and Chert Beds (Upper Greensand). They exhibit progressive amounts of backward


refAbstractLine:
rotation, forward translation and vertical subsidence. Forward movement of these blocks is thought to have occurred


refAbstractLine:
by basal sliding on the sub-Cretaceous unconformity, between the Gault and Shales-with-Beef (Lower Lias). During this


refAbstractLine:
sliding, liquefaction of the thick, fine sand of the Foxmould (Upper Greensand) beneath the blocks of Chalk and


refAbstractLine:
Chert Beds, allowed them to subside and rotate. The front two blocks appear to have come down to the level of the


refAbstractLine:
unconformity, thus protecting the Foxmould behind from further seepage erosion and allowing its groundwater to


refAbstractLine:
filter through. The spring source issues from the toe of the front block. Although the upper cliff seems to have


refAbstractLine:
stabilised itself a long time ago, further movement of these large blocks could occur eventually and be sufficient to


refAbstractLine:
divert the path of the groundwater or to jeopardise the pumping facility.


refAbstractLine:
During the first four months of 1994, periods of excessively wet weather led to increased landslide activity along the


refAbstractLine:
coast of east Devon and west Dorset, including the undercliff of the Axmouth-Lyme Regis National Nature


refAbstractLine:
Reserve. Close monitoring of the landslide movements in an area around the Pinhay water source and pumping station was


refAbstractLine:
started in February 1994. The distribution of the movements is described and explained by comparison with a previous


refAbstractLine:
interpretation of the site. The large rotated blocks of Chalk and Upper Greensand forming the slope above the


refAbstractLine:
pumping station underwent relative displacements of up to 400 mm, which were remarkably consistent over scarp lengths


refAbstractLine:
of up to 1 km. Seaward of the pumping station, the landslide of Chalk and Greensand debris over Lias bedrock


refAbstractLine:
also increased its activity, with movements of several metres at its toe and renewed displacement on its backscarp.


refAbstractLine:
In response to increased awareness of the risk to the continuity of the water supply, regular photographic


refAbstractLine:
monitoring and surveying of the area was instigated, to provide a warning of any failure.


refAbstractLine:
Contingent Valuation Method places monetary values on changes in coastal amenity and creation resulting from


refAbstractLine:
coastal defence and protection. It can also be applied to effects on nature conservation, archaeological heritage and


refAbstractLine:
general landscape quality. The essence of CVM is discussed, and exemplified by two case examples of its recent


refAbstractLine:
application, viz West Bay in Dorset, and Hamble Common coast frontage, NE Solent. The first case study relates to the


refAbstractLine:
potential amenity gain from the construction of a stone harbour wall. The second relates to a proposed beach


refAbstractLine:
nourishment scheme to reduce erosion of a low coastal frontage of ecological and cultural values. The details of


refAbstractLine:
Scheme Beneficiaries Questionnaire Design, and issues of bias and implementation are given. The CVM has value, and


refAbstractLine:
studies such as these can help to extend it.


refAbstractLine:
An essentially strategic overview of the management of the multiplicity of resource and space uses in the Solent.


refAbstractLine:
Strategies for different sectors of the coast are outlined, followed by a summary of systems for regulating development;


refAbstractLine:
the planning framework; consultative and liaison bodies within the Solent region; current "Flagship" projects and a


refAbstractLine:
Solent Forum Directory. The chapter on sectors briefly covers coast protection; sea defence; landscape and


refAbstractLine:
A geomorphological assessment of the problems of the reactivation of formerly dormant relict landslides and the


refAbstractLine:
continuing development of highly unstable coastal slopes at, and in the close vicinity of, Lyme Regis. The cause is that


refAbstractLine:
of ongoing cliff recession. The two main components of this report are detailed geomorphological maps at 1:1000 of Cliff


refAbstractLine:
Behaviour Units; and preliminary ground models for five specific sites. There is a brief concluding assessment of


refAbstractLine:
ground behaviour and landslide potential.


refAbstractLine:
The problem of designing effective coastal protection are outlined in the context of local geology, geomorphology and


refAbstractLine:
landslide activity. The environmental and planning considerations, costs and justification for proposed schemes


refAbstractLine:
Presentation of survey data undertaken to confirm the viability of scheme options presented in Preliminary


refAbstractLine:
Feasibility and Options Report (September 1995). This includes a topographical survey of Reeth Bay foreshore;


refAbstractLine:
preliminary ground stability data; hydraulic studies, and a review of habitats and species in the vicinity of proposed


refAbstractLine:
This report presents the results of the research into quantifying the amounts of fine (silt and clay) and coarse


refAbstractLine:
(coarse sand, gravel and cobbles) sediment carried by the rivers between Beachy Head and Dawlish Warren and delivered


refAbstractLine:
to the coast. The research has involved: (a) establishing the potential for fine and coarse sediment transport in


refAbstractLine:
rivers and its delivery to the coast; (b) identifying evidence of significant fine and coarse sediment transport


refAbstractLine:
in rivers; (c) estimating fine and coarse sediment inputs into the littoral sub-cells between Beachy Head and Dawlish


refAbstractLine:
Warren. "Best estimates" are given of the sediment load in the lower reaches of the region's rivers, on a catchment


refAbstractLine:
basis. These estimates have been derived as follows: (a) the fine sediment load has been estimated for each catchment


refAbstractLine:
using an average regional yield of 25 tonnes/km2/year. (b) the coarse sediment load has been estimated for those rivers


refAbstractLine:
where there is evidence of sand and gravel transport by using Bagnold's (1980, 1986) theoretical bed load flux


refAbstractLine:
equation. The bed load flux was calculated at a range of discharges (1 in 2 year, 1 in 20 year and 1 in 50 year


refAbstractLine:
floods) to give an average bed load flux. An average annual flux was estimated by assuming that coarse sediment is moved


refAbstractLine:
for 1% of the time i.e. around 3.65 days/year (it is widely recognised that the overwhelming majority of sediment


refAbstractLine:
transport occurs in rare, major flood events).


refAbstractLine:
The location is within an area of deep-seated landslides with a distinctive and complex morphology. In early January


refAbstractLine:
1994, landslide activity extended into the developed area of Castlehaven and continued into 1995. The principal cause is


refAbstractLine:
linked to sea cliff erosion (since 1908), with specific landslide events triggered by extreme rainfall events.


refAbstractLine:
management should be within the Undercliff Landslide Management Strategy (1991), with future reduction of


refAbstractLine:
potential losses achieved by prevention of sea-cliff erosion; prevention of removal of landslide debris from


refAbstractLine:
foreshore, and slope drainage measures. The report examines management options, and practical scheme options, together


refAbstractLine:
with potential benefits and costs. Further studies are recommended, including hydraulic modelling and topographic


refAbstractLine:
Brief review of site conditions and an overview of slope instability problems in the southern area of the bay.


refAbstractLine:
Preliminary options to remedy protection problems are given.


refAbstractLine:
The indirect or secondary economic effects of floods are under-researched owing to their spatial diffusion,


refAbstractLine:
measurement difficulties and their perceived lesser importance compared with direct flood damages. A case study


refAbstractLine:
of the Chesil Sea Defence Scheme, Dorset, shows that in specific circumstances these indirect effects can be highly


refAbstractLine:
significant. However, their real magnitude is profoundly affect by flood direction, the ability of organisations to


refAbstractLine:
transfer their economic activities away from the flood-affected area, and by the geographical boundaries of


refAbstractLine:
the economic analysis. The case study has clarified a number of assessment principles and thus paved the way for


refAbstractLine:
East Cowes Esplanade at the head of the Medina River estuary, provides the holiday and yachting resort of Cowes


refAbstractLine:
with a recreational area which is well utilised during summer months. Seaweed drifting onto the Esplanade beaches


refAbstractLine:
results in problems of unpleasant odours and swarms of flies especially during hot weather. Posford Duvivier were


refAbstractLine:
commissioned to produce a report on the basis of the "Terms of Reference" in Section 2 of this report, which included an


refAbstractLine:
analysis of previous work by N B Webber, identification of the relevant coastal processes, a review of options


refAbstractLine:
available and consideration of the likelihood of acquiring grant from the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.


refAbstractLine:
Site inspections identified the vulnerability of the existing Esplanade seawall and this report examines options


refAbstractLine:
to alleviate any flooding and erosion problems this may cause. Recommendations are made which promote a solution to


refAbstractLine:
both seaweed problem and to reducing the vulnerability of the seawall. This form of solution comprises imported beach


refAbstractLine:
material placed in a phased operation upon the foreshore over a length extending approximately 350 metres Northeast


refAbstractLine:
An objective review of the local authority's proposal for seven rock groynes along the frontage adjacent to Marine


refAbstractLine:
Crescent. They are considered satisfactory, but an additional groyne is recommended. Lower cost alternatives


refAbstractLine:
involving the construction of wooden groynes are suggested. Design development will require inspection of historical


refAbstractLine:
data, and further investigation of beach plan shape using the UNIBEST mathematical model.


refAbstractLine:
A broadly-based account of the short-term and longer-term controls of sea-level, with particular emphasis on the


refAbstractLine:
factors contributing storm/tidal surges, and of the impacts of both recent and predicted climatic change. Discussion


refAbstractLine:
points include the documented relationship between North Sea and channel surges.


refAbstractLine:
An appraisal of potentially suitable protection schemes for a 650 m coastal section approximately equidistant between


refAbstractLine:
the mouth's of the rivers Itchen and Hamble. Netley Cliff is approximately 9 m high, fronted by a shingle beach and


refAbstractLine:
extensive inter-tidal mudflats. Cliff recession has been approximately 35 cm/yr-1 in recent decades, and beach levels


refAbstractLine:
have been lowered by 30-50 cm. Continued erosion at this rate puts at risk property and infrastructure valued at 3


refAbstractLine:
million pounds. This report outlines 6 scheme options involving various combinations of cliff trimming, gabions,


refAbstractLine:
shingle renourishment, rock revetment, with a recommendation of the extension of existing gabions; cliff retreat and


refAbstractLine:
beach renourishment for adoption. The engineering suitability, economic justification and environmental


refAbstractLine:
impacts of the preferred option are examined in further detail.


refAbstractLine:
The existing problems are outlined, followed by a consideration of options, their evaluation and a statement


refAbstractLine:
of the proposed scheme of works. The latter is accompanied by environmental assessment, a schedule of costs and overall


refAbstractLine:
The report frontage forms the perimeter of the Forland headland and extends over a length of approximately 2.3 km


refAbstractLine:
from Bembridge Point to Foreland on the north east coast of the Isle of Wight. A key plan of the frontage is shown on


refAbstractLine:
Drawing No 6368/6B, in Appendix A. This report has been prepared in accordance with the MAFF Project Appraisal


refAbstractLine:
Guideline Notes (PAGN) and incorporates previous Posford Duvivier studies. The report considers the coastal erosion


refAbstractLine:
problems on the Bembridge frontage, identifies options for present and future management of the beach and coastline,


refAbstractLine:
assesses the engineering, environmental and economic implications of the options considered and makes


refAbstractLine:
recommendations for action. The scheme frontage with the exception of the western spit at Bembridge Point has a


refAbstractLine:
history of erosion. Shingle supply is limited and there is recent evidence of continued erosion which will result in


refAbstractLine:
loss of properties in the immediate future and in the short term. The existing recreational use of the frontage is


refAbstractLine:
likely also to be affected. The preferred option has been identified as a scheme comprising a number of short timber


refAbstractLine:
groynes, some refurbishment of existing structures and limited beach nourishment. The scheme includes also for


refAbstractLine:
beach monitoring and renourishment, and/or recycling, at intervals as necessary. The layout of the proposed scheme


refAbstractLine:
is shown on Drawing No 6368/8A and 9A in Appendix A. The estimated total present value cost of the proposed works is


refAbstractLine:
210,000 pounds with a benefit cost ratio of 1.76:1, excluding potential amenity benefits. When amenity benefits


refAbstractLine:
are included the benefit cost ratio rises to 3.73:1. Of the total scheme costs, 156,000 pounds comprises present value


refAbstractLine:
initial construction costs from which 16,000 pounds has been spent already on emergency work under the provisions of


refAbstractLine:
Section 5(6) of the Coast Protection Act, the remainder being discounted future costs which include maintenance,


refAbstractLine:
Background to recent failure events, existing position and recommendations to improve site stability


refAbstractLine:
A description and assessment of the options available for introducing measures to constrain cliff instability


refAbstractLine:
Assessment of the condition of the existing seawall and proposed refurbishment. Project options are discussed in


refAbstractLine:
context of coastal energy regime, and are accompanied by a statement of justification.


refAbstractLine:
The problems of existing coastal erosion are presented in the context of the background geology, wave climate and


refAbstractLine:
previous protection measures. A scheme for longer term shoreline stabilisation is presented, along with its


refAbstractLine:
Summary of lecture covering the major principles and design parameters of artificial salient construction. Discussion


refAbstractLine:
points relate to experience and public perception of groyne, reef and beach replenishment schemes on the West Sussex


refAbstractLine:
A synopsis of the stages of compilation of the East Solent Shoreline Management Plan (Sub Cell 5a) emphasising the need


refAbstractLine:
for understanding the complexities of coastal processes


refAbstractLine:
The purpose of regional process modelling is the acquisition and interpretation of forces and processes operative, and


refAbstractLine:
the response of properties and forms. It is a crucial pre-requisite to strategic shoreline management policy. The


refAbstractLine:
technical requirements for a regional model should match the complexity of the study area and reflect the nature of


refAbstractLine:
management problems. It is essential to input accurate determinations of water levels, wave climate, sediment


refAbstractLine:
transport and shoreline changes, based on adequate timescales of basic data, to reveal trends. Results and


refAbstractLine:
predictions need to be validated against site data, including field measurements and documented events.


refAbstractLine:
Considerable variation in data quality make model verification difficult. These points are illustrated by the


refAbstractLine:
South Coast Sea Bed Mobility Study and the Pagham to Portsmouth Harbour Coastal Processes Study (separately


refAbstractLine:
A sequence of large scale maps covering the sub-cells of the SCOPAC coast. General text outlines cell boundaries;


refAbstractLine:
coastal process regime; transport pathways, sediment sources and their significance; protected and unprotected frontages,


refAbstractLine:
and impacts on sources of Strategic Management Plan defence options (as currently known). Volume 2 details each


refAbstractLine:
sub-cell using above headings and adding data on erosion rate; mode(s) of erosional regression; sediment supply rate;


refAbstractLine:
identification of "key" sources, and the future significance of both general and "key" sources of sediment derived from


refAbstractLine:
Fieldwork observations, computational techniques and historical research approaches preface a detailed account of


refAbstractLine:
the base data used in this study and analysis of wave- and current- driven longshore sediment transport. Cross-shore


refAbstractLine:
profile stability is assessed with reference to data on wave heights, and is placed in the context of historical change


refAbstractLine:
of inter-tidal width. The fundamental causes of contemporary erosion are identified, and the impact of


refAbstractLine:
groyne insertion over many previous years, as well as at present, are evaluated. Conclusions highlight patterns and


refAbstractLine:
processes of beach erosion, and comment on groyne design.


refAbstractLine:
A review of changes since the publication of the Portsmouth Harbour Plan in 1989, and a justification for Review, is


refAbstractLine:
followed by 17 short chapters discussing the full range of uses, activities, interests and values. The final 3


refAbstractLine:
chapters address co-ordination and management/policy implementation. Chapter 4 is specific to coastal processes


refAbstractLine:
and sea defence; Chapter 6 discusses reclamation and dredging.


refAbstractLine:
An account of the geomorphological setting and hydrogeology, as a basis for the slope stability model applied to this


refAbstractLine:
location. Possible consequences of coastal erosion on slope stability are presented, together with indicative standards


refAbstractLine:
Discussion of a range of examples of shingle beach cycling, including Seaford; Hastings-Bexhill and Lancing-Shoreham.


refAbstractLine:
Some of the practical aspects are discussed in more detail with reference to a programme at Hunstanton-Heacham,


refAbstractLine:
A comprehensive report on the economic and environmental characteristics of Cowes Harbour, concluding with a suggested


refAbstractLine:
development strategy. Sea Defences and Flood Protection are summarised on pp 52-4; Appendix 10 reports on a preliminary


refAbstractLine:
hydrodynamic investigation of the proposed Eastern channel (commissioned from ABP Research and Consultancy for this


refAbstractLine:
Report). Marginal effects on tidal streams and sedimentation patterns are identified.


refAbstractLine:
A vision of future management of the catchments draining into Poole Harbour, within the constraints of the role and


refAbstractLine:
responsibility of the NRA. An integrated set of aims are outlined, building upon existing biophysical conditions,


refAbstractLine:
regional social and economic trends and statutory requirements. Coastal Zone Management, and Coastal Defence


refAbstractLine:
specifically, are acknowledged in several contexts. The question of coastal water quality is reviewed in the


refAbstractLine:
framework of EV directives and ongoing forward planning undertaken with the region. Commitments and planned action


refAbstractLine:
and other forms of progression, are identified. Both reports were produced to inform public opinion, and generate


refAbstractLine:
comments from both agencies and individuals.


refAbstractLine:
A document for public information designed also to encourage future public participation in decision-taking. Part A


refAbstractLine:
covers concepts of Coastal Zone and Shoreline Management, and outlines statutory responsibilities in the UK. Part B


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is titled "Overview and Strategy", and covers, in outline, all uses and activities in and of the coastal zone of New


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Forest District Council. Part C divides the coastal zone into 12 consecutive areas, and examines Features and


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Interest; Issues and Proposals for each. The latter are linked to broader strategic thinking. The concluding part


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(D) considers the nature and timescales of the implementation of proposals.


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A factual and concluding analytical presentation of offshore Bathymetric and topographic surveys, using trawl/chain


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sweep, vibrocore and sidescan survey of the Shingles Bank and a surrounding 300 m area; Hurst Spit and the nearshore


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environment of north-west Isle of Wight, and the Needles channel. There is also a small data set on wave heights and


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frequencies. The data was obtained in the months following the completion of the Hurst Spit stabilisation project in


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A newspaper style format that describes the background, and justification, of the Hurst Spit stabilisation project


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(completed in February 1997). The geomorphological and hydraulic conditions, that have created, and maintain Hurst


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Spit are described, together with a review of its human resource and ecological significance. The design and


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implementation of the engineering works are described, and concluding comments relate to the future management


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Naish and Barton beaches have historically provided protection against wave erosion of the soft sand and clay


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cliffs. They also provide dynamic toe weighting, which is crucial for overall cliff stability. The beach volume has


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declined in volume over a number of years, due to the reduced shingle supply from the west. This is the result of


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starvation caused by protection works west of the administrative boundary, but within the same coastal cell,


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the declining volume of the beaches has resulted in increased rates of erosion at the cliff toe. The beaches at


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Milford and Hordle Cliff are becoming smaller and the concrete seawalls are showing considerable signs of scour


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which has resulted from the lack of an appropriate supply of beach material. If this continues without appropriate


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remedial works, it will result in extensive damage to property and existing coastal defences. The proposals


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presented would d provide a low cost supply of beach material to starved beaches to the east, dynamic toe weighting to the


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Barton cliffs and indirect protection from wave attack to the toe of the Naish Cliffs. The proposals will reduce the


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rate of erosion at an internationally important geological site and which is a rapidly diminishing finite resource.


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The site is considered by English Nature as one of the most important geological sites in Europe. An innovative short


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term coast protection scheme, comprising shingle renourishment, shingle groyne structures has been designed


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to slow the rate of cliff recession, whilst allowing the cliffs to erode. A comprehensive monitoring programme is


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planned to follow the works, which will extend from Chewton Bunny to the eastern end of the defended section at


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Barton-on-Sea. The works will be divided into two types of construction: (a) shingle renourishment (b) dynamic shingle


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groynes. Beach recharge is the only option that would be considered by English Nature as an acceptable solution at


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this site. This scheme will make beneficial use of sands considered by English Nature as an acceptable solution at


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A geomorphological study of the potential impacts of the coastal defence works, currently being promoted at West Bay,


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on the Chesil Beach system. Specific content includes a review of the historical development of Chesil Beach; an


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appraisal of its current morphodynamic status; definition of a sediment budget for Chesil Beach with particular reference


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to inputs to the Beach from the west; prediction of the future morphological evolution of Chesil Beach, particularly


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the significance of known sediment transport pathways; an assessment of the West Bay coastal protection scheme options


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on the short, medium and long (>2oo years) term development of Chesil, including its ability to continue to provide


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protection for the lagoon habitats of the Fleet; and assessment of the need for, mechanisms and feasibility of


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any mitigation measures. The latter will require research on sub-cell transfers; sediment tracer experiments and


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archival research to develop a reliable model of coastal changes at West Bay related to weather patterns and coastal


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An account of beach monitoring through annual air photographic coverage, initiated by the Southern Water


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Authority in 1973, and continued subsequently by NRA (Southern). Survey and Processing methodology are


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summarised, followed by a review of data analysis on the 2,597 profiles (covering 440 km of coastline) covered


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annually. After elimination of errors, analysis has concentrated on variations on beach volumes to identify net


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erosion, beach steepening, net accretion. Standard deviations show a measure of spread of volume with respect


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to geometric mean, variations over time can be plotted as a three-dimensional surface showing the spatial change of any


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Survey of past protection measures along the entire frontage of Sandown Bay, with detailed recommendations of further


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works at 8 specified locations. Appendices cover Cliff Hazard and Risk, and a Maintenance schedule of recommended


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Includes case example of emplacement of stone armour blocks at Preston Beach, and consequent acceleration of erosion due


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to the creation of secondary eddy circulation, in 1880s. They were later removed (c 1905) by explosive excavation.


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Analysis of particle size, distribution, heavy metals and hydrocarbon content of samples taken from 5 transects on the


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western side of Portland Harbour. These covered upper and mid inter-tidal shore, and at 0, 2, 5 and 10 m below chart


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datum. In the southern area, much of the shore is cobbles and small boulders, with muddy sand in the intertidal zone.


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Much of this report is devoted to the analysis of species composition of distinctive communities, including epiflora


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and fauna. Eight community types were identified in subtidal areas.


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The post-replenishment behaviour of an artificially renourished shingle beach (using offshore dredged gravel) at


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Hayling Island is examined in association with the short- and long-term changes occurring within the adjacent coastal


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zone. Details from an extensive range of data from a variety of sources (including: Bathymetric,


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sedimentological, meteorological, hydrodynamic, beach profile and mathematical model information) are investigated


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and described. Artificial beach replenishment has become a popular method of sea defence, however, there is relatively


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little information with regards to its subsequent behaviour. It has been found that fine-grained material, present within


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the replenishment material, leads to the development of a vertical beach face, and a beach with low permeability (a


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feature observed also at other artificially replenished beaches). This reduces effectively the protective capacity


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of an artificially replenished beach, when compared with a natural shingle beach. Higher than predicted losses of


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shingle along the replenishment area are attributed to this unforeseen feature. Along the natural (unreplenished)


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western section of the Hayling shoreline, a westerly longshore transport of beach material can be attributed to


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low-energy, 'background', wave conditions. Evidence from wave refraction model results indicate that the offshore


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bathymetry of the outer East Solent, and the numerous nearshore banks, control strictly the nearshore distribution


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of wave energy and wave patterns. Nearshore variations in the level of the sea bed are found to be confined mostly to


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the extensive sand banks (situated at the harbour entrances), with only very localised and nearshore areas of


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gravel esa bed subject to movement. The evidence indicates that only small volumes of sedimentary material are being


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transported onshore, and that any onshore movement is restricted to areas only close inshore. The major part of


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Hayling Bay is considered to be relatively stable over the time-scales examined. The study indicates that sediment


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movement offshore in this region is limited, however, further information is required to determine the conditions


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required for movement of 'natural' sea bed gravel deposits.


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A scoping study that details data collection and procurement; the identification of future data to be


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collected; proposals for the modelling of coastal processes, together with a brief review of the salient morphodynamic


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characteristics of the coastline; identification of fourteen preliminary coastline units, subdivided into approximately


