# refAbstractsWide

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New Red Sandstone breccias to a base in excess of -52m (HWST). This was followed by infilling with gravels and


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partial re-excavation to a base of approximately -30m (HWST). Terraces were formed during stillstands during both


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regressions. Channel orientation may have been controlled by faults in the substrate. The gravels would appear to be


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mid-Weichselian (Devensian) with the later terraces therefore suggestive of successive stages in sea-level retreat during


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The buried channel of the Teign drops from -10.2m at the estuary head, to -22.9m at Teignmouth. It is floored by


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Devonian slate for most of its length, but is underlain by Triassic New Red Sandstone breccia on the Teignmouth


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foreshore. On the basis if correlation with levels of buried channels and terraces in the Exe estuary, a late Devensian


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Borehole records and seismic refraction survey data are used to identify various buried channel and terrace depths in


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the lower Exe and Exe, Teign and Dart estuaries. Terrace levels of late Weichselian (Devensian) age -10m; -14m and


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-22.5m are recognised in the buried channels of both the Teign and Exe estuaries, whilst another at -9.5m is inferred at


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Totnes at the head of the Dart estuary. It is proposed that during the latest Weichselian, the Teign was a tributary of the


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Exe. Earlier Pleistocene buried channels in the Exe and Dart (but not Teign) valleys appears probable from limited


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A synthesis of the main lithological and structural characteristics of the basement rocks beneath and marginal to the


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Exe estuary. The palaeogeography and environmental conditions of Permo-Triassic times is used to explain the fabric,


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texture and likely provenance of these sediments. Cretaceous strat was deposited as overstep, now preserved in the


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Haldon Hills and in East Devon. Their erosion from the Exe basin is revealed in chert and flint clasts in river terrace


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gravels. The exe probably  dates from Eocene times, forming a major element of southwards - directed drainage


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developed on a tilted Cretaceous surface subsequently superimposed onto New Red Standstone. Relative sea-level


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fell throughout the Tertiary and Quaternary leading to the formation of terraces and terrace deposits during periods of


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stillstand. Two phases of incision of buried channels well below modern sea-level are evident from below the Exe


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estuary. The most recent partly re-excavated fluvial terrace gravels. The most likely dates for these periods of buried


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channel formation are (I) Wolstonian or early Devensian glacial (ii) late Devensian. The Holocene has contributed net


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A review of the principal hydrodynamic and sedimentological features of the contemporary Exe estuary viewed in the


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context of its Quaternary (and probable tertiary) origins. Thi chapter acts as an introduction to a sequence of papers


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the major surges. After each surge high-oblique aerial photographs were obtained for stereoscopic interpretation.


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Debris falls from the cliff appear to have triggered some of the mudslide surges. A displacement recording of one surge


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has indicated that the rate of movement of the mudslide may have been partly controlled by variations in sea level


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Most of this paper reconstructs the denudation chronology of the Dart River basin, based on evidence of river profiles


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and erosional surface. Terraces around the modern estuary record the most recent fluctuations of base (sea) level.


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The objective of the study was to advise on possible schemes for retaining the beach along the town frontage, and a


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single preferred design option was determined, comprising a combination of offshore breakwaters located west of the


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frontage, two rock groynes and a replenished beach level.


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Physical tests were undertaken to determine the effects of the preferred design option on the dispersal of effluent form


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an outfall in the vacinity of the Sidmouth frontage. The tests indicated that the effluent plume from the outfall would not


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be drawn further inshore than at present after the construction of the proposed sea defences. However, the physical


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model study omitted the effects of wind-driven currents, which are known to cause increased bacteria concentrations


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near Sidmouth frontage under some meteorological conditions. Accordingly, in February 1993, HR were commissioned to


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carry out a computer modelling study of flows near the Sidmouth frontage, in order to assess whether the proposed sea


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defences would be likely to cause increased beach contamination during periods of offshore winds.


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In agreement with the results of the physical model study, the computer model study indicated that the proposed sea


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defences are unlikely to cause increased beach contamination in windless conditions. However, the computer model


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results also indicated that, during periods of eastward tidal flows, an area of relatively slack water is likely to exist in the


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lee of the proposed offshore breakwaters. This area of weak tidal currents will probably enhance the onshore


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movement of effluent from the outfall associated with winds from the south-east quadrant. It is recommended that


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dispersion modelling studies should be undertaken, in order to examine the likely effects of the sea defences


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construction on beach contamination in detail.


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Interdisciplinary study of Start Bay and its coastline indicate that offshore banks are probably pre-Holocene. An exposed


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bank was sufficiently stable to deflect tidal streams when sea-levels were lower, and dissipate wave energy as


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sea-level was rising. This also therefore controlled shoreline planform, It is inferred that present pattern of water


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circulation may be of secondary importance in modelling the configuration of offshore banks - indeed, it may reflect their


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previous (antecedent) presence. The distribution of sediment in adjacent areas is related more directly to wave climate


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than tidal currents. Longshore sediment transport is relatively incidental to onshore - offshore exchanges under


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conditions of stationery or slowly changing sea-level.


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An inter-disciplinary study of Start Bay has revealed infilled buried channels dissecting a bedrock surface shoreward of


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a buried cliffline. Sufficial sediments are subdivided into a Barrier bay and Bank deposits and indicate that a barrier


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lagoon complex migrated to its present position in the late Holocene in response to rising sea-levels, Wave and tidal


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current processes are variously dominant in the upper 2m of superficial material but Skerries  Bank appears stable. This


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may be du to near-zero values of residual tidal current velocities along its crest. Evidence suggests that Start Bay is a


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closed sediment transport system under modern conditions, thus confirming the cause of the Hallsands disaster (1917),


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when shingle removed by dredging was not, as anticipated, naturally replenished. Basic geology of the Start Bay


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coastline is given, with brief litholgical description of the main rock outcrops.


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The superficial sediments of Start bay consist of three discrete lithological units, classified as Bank, Bay and Barrier


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deposits. Flint and quartz are the dominant constituents of the Barrier deposits, with much of it of distant provenance.


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The Bay sediments are predominantly fine-grained, and vary from 1m to 28m in thickness. They have been thinned by


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selective winnowing (by both wave and tidal currents) in the inshore area. Bank deposits are made up of coarse shelly


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sand, are up to 18m in thickness and are located within the general vicinity of the Skerries bank. Sedimentological and


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formineral evidence indicates the landward translation of the barrier-estuarine-lagoon complex over the most recent 8000


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years. Under modern conditions, Start Bay is a closed sediment transport system. The Skerries Bank, whilst stable,


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has a decisive influence on wave energy dissipation and refraction on the modern coastline.


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A detailed account of changes that have occurred since 1872, with some analysis of the changes to the configuration


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of the spit between 1611 and 1637 (and subsequently). The latter were omitted from Martin (1872). Net losses


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Reprinted in: Journal of the Torquay Natural History Society, 4, 1912, 205-11


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Factual statement of lengths and types of different protection structures, together with present condition, for each


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frontage. The latter are defined by responsible authorities.


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Brief note on the observation of presumed 'Neolithic' peat deposit containing macroflora, exposed at extreme low water


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springs. Ascribed to subsequent land elevation.


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A summary of the results of inter-disciplinary (geophysical sedimentological and geomorpholgical) results on seabed


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characteristics of the inshore and marginal offshore areas of Start Bay. Classification of superficial sediments into Bank,


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Bay and Barrier groups provides some insights into Flandrian coastal evolution. It is apparent that a barrier-lagoon


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complex has been migrating shorewards over the past 8,000 years (at least). However, several relict, now submerged,


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barrier beaches are indicated suggesting their failure due to erosion and/or diminished sediment feed. There is clear


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evidence for landwards transgression of saline, brackish lagoon and neritic (beach) sediments in response to barrier


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monthly sampling showed that granules and fine gravel size particles can display pronounced longshore grading but


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complications are introduced by changes of beach height and slope; and sorting parallel to and normal to, and


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vertically through the beach. Particle size is strongly related to geological composition.  An intense study designed to


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show relationships between beach surface particle size and wave parameters only produce significant correlation's on


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Slapton beach. These were between mean size and the square root of the significant wave height; and mean size and


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direction of wave approach. Tracer experiments on Slapton beach demonstrated a lack of correlation between wave


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parameters and longshore sediment movement. Smallest particles appeared to move further in one direction. Problem


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with tracer recover may mean that the above results are not necessarily representative.


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since the late 1960s there has been a large mudslide in coastal cliffs of Permo-Triassic strat (conglomerate overlying


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mudstone) at West Down beacon, 2km west of Budleigh Salterton, Devon. A total displacement of 100m was achieved


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between 1981 and 1985 as the lobate toe of the mudside pushed forward across the beach in eleven surges of


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movement. Each surge involved a displacement of between 5 and 15m and was completed within a few hours.


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The toe moved by planar sliding, possibly on more than one seaward-dipping shear surface or zone. Occasionally


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there were additional relatively minor displacements (less than 1m), but normally the mudslide was stationary between


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migration forced by Holocene sea-level rise. The origin of the Kerries Bank has not been resolved, but its presence is


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critical to wave refraction / diffraction of NE swell waves entering the Bay. These are focused on the coastline


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between Beesands and Hallsands. The Skerries appears to have neen stable in planform since the early nineteenth


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century. Analysis of grain composition of both modern and relict barriers indicates very close correspondence. If, as at


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present, there is no off to onshore transport of clastic sediment and little net longshore transport, it must be concluded


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that modern barrier sediments are the product of near continuous recycling in a closed transport system.


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The changing shape and stability of Dawlish Warren has been mapped between 1960-1991 with possible suggestions


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as to what role and effect the coastal defence methods installed in the area have played. Particular attention has


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been given to the greater understanding of the overall structure, shape and physical processes working in the area,


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affecting the permanence of the Warren. Conditions of the coastal defence methods used today, with future


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recommendations and possible developments, to how the Warren could be improved are reported on.


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An analysis of detailed changes in the configuration and depth of the ebb and flood tide channels and changes in the


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planform and elevation of the principal sand and gravel banks at and seaward of the Exe estuary, 1974 to 1994.


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wave conditions in the breaker zone. Waves approaching from the north-east are focused by the Skerries Bank, but


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other incident directions of wave energy import are more equitably distributed along the Start Bay shoreline. Shoaling


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effects provide a quantitative measure of wave conditions that can be used to predict sediment transport. The


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limitations of this approach are outlined and evaluated.


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Description of time series for two horizontal components of water velocity, measured at different distances from the


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shoreline of two beaches, one a steep shingle beach (Slapton Sands); the other a shallow sandy beach. The


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hydrodynamics of the two beaches differ widely. Periodic longshore variations of the nearshore velocity field


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characterise the steep beach, which also exhibits edge waves with a period twice that of the incident waves. Swash


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interaction in the narrow surf zone is probably responsible for their generation. On other occasions, the mean flow field


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revealed nearshore circulation cells. Within the surf zone of both beaches, a functional form is derived from the


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contribution to the velocity field made by motion at frequencies greater than the incident wave field. The dependence


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of this effect on beach slope (and water depth) is not clear.


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Observations of wave motion and surging breakers are described, especially horizontal particle velocities, up to a


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maximum of 25m from the shoreline at Slapton beach. They reveal the presence of short period edge waves, trapped


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by refraction. Possible swash interaction mechanism involving reflective waves for generating subharmonic wave


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motion is discussed. A steady longshore current prevented  subharmonic edge waves from forming cuspate or


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crescentic features in nearshore sediments. Shoreline cusps observed on other occasions are consistent with edge


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waves at the frequency of the incident waves themselves.


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The experience of the destruction of the village of Hallsands introduces the question of beach budgets in general and


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the nature of the Start Bay sediment transport system in particular. Hallsands beach was showing some evidence of


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height and width reduction before the commencement of offshore shingle removal, but the beaches of Start Bay exhibit


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natural morphodynamic change due to exposure of waves from different directions. They are all parts of a segmented


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barrier beach system that was originally supplied from offshore sediment sources when sea-level was lower; it migrated


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landwards with Holocene sea-level rise reaching its present position some 2-3,000 yr. B.P. Loss of beach and


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foreshore at Hallsands has accelerated the weathering of the local micaschist and induced cliff retreat in the


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subsequent century. In the mid-nineteenth century, the shingle beaches at both Hallsands and Beesands were wider


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than those in the north, but this situation is now reversed. Both Beesands and Torcross have suffered beach loss and


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wave overtopping during the twentieth century but have been protected by substantial sea defences following major


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storms between 1954 and 1990. There is a concluding general discussion of the relative merits of 'hard' and 'soft'


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engineered protection. Hallsands illustrates the need to consider the regional sediment budgets when defending


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Factual summary of existing (current) area and dominant species of mudflats, upper and lower saltmarshes and other


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habitats. These include shingle spits; sand spits; sand banks and sand dunes; mussel banks and a few other specific


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inter-tidal environments. Conservation status, other designations and a note of rare species is given. All estuaries are


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covered, including tidal reaches of rivers in Devon, Cornwall, Dorset and Somerset.


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Aerial photographs reveal major changes in cliff morphology in recent decades. Detailed morphological mapping in


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1980 revealed movement of the main, long-established, landslip following a major fall of conglomerate from the upper


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cliff face. This is a preliminary analysis, but concludes with discussion of landsliding mechanisms. Undrained loading is


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considered more important than toe erosion, but the latter serves to maintain an inherently unstable slope.


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A brief description of the barrier beach system between Pilchard Cove and South Hallsands prefaces a review of


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theories of how it may have originated. There are 3 main hypothesis, the most convincing of which identifies the


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formation and shoreward migration of barrier islands, followed by their laterial expansion and the creation of a 'super'


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barrier. The sediment stratigraphy below the present barrier as well in the Leys behind, confirm that the present barrier


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was in place circa. 3000 years B.P. As they are not being replenished by material that now composes them, the


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nearshore sediment transport system is virtually 'closed'. Beach profiles surveying on Slapton sands  reveals changes


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consistent with morphodynamic response to changes in incident waves and winds. However, over recent decades


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beaches in the northern part of the system have increased in width and height, suggesting a net south to north littoral


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drift. This is probably weak but its effects are cumulative. The reverse effect (N-S net drift) prevailed in the nineteenth


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century. The catastrophic loss of beach at Hallsands, 1900-1910 may be partly due to a switching of the net pathway


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A discussion and interpretation of the evidence for high sea levels since the Middle Pleistocene along the Devon,


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Dorset, Hampshire and West Sussex coastlines. Evidence is presented in the form of morphology, lithostratigraphy and


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relative dating of critical locations. Correlation is attempted using amino acid geochronology, based on shell material in


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raised beaches, and also on relative altitude of marine platforms. Neotectonic displacement since formation is inferred in


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the main geological features identifies include a submerged and buried cliffline; relict barriers and buries river channels.


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Three major lithological units are recognised within the superficial deposits overlying the geological substrate, which


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attain variable thickness, of up to 28km. These are classified as Bay, Bank and Barrier beach deposits. Some


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performance of these materials and the implications of design life. This reflects a growing concern about the more


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intelligent use of finite material resources.


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The vast range in intrinsic resistance of different rock types to laboratory mill abrasion is well reported and these results


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when presented as the QMW mill abrasion resistance index, can give relative lifetimes of differing shingle types.


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However, field studies and/or degradation models of the type discussed in this paper are needed to convert the


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relative laboratory lifetimes to prototype environmental lifetimes in years so that they are appropriate for predicting the


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long-term changes in beach material volumes.


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The authors 1991 rock degradation model, which gives an absolute prediction of weight loss rates, was proposed for


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armourstone placed within structures designed for static stability. It incorporates the mill abrasion test result for the rock


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type in question. However, it also attempts to embrace dynamically stable rock protection structures from gravel


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beaches up to berm breakwaters, depending on the mobility parameter. Before this laboratory and field study, no


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prototype data was available to check its applicability to gravel-sized materials.


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This paper presents the field results for pebbles consisting of three rock types. Their rates of weight loss with respect to


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interactions with indigenous beach materials in both laboratory and field trails are given. Whereas weight loss from flint


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interpretation of the modes of origin of both sediments and submerged landforms is given, but much of this paper is


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concerned with analytical descriptions of survey data.


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The bedrock morphology and structures within overlying sediments have been determined by geological and


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geophysical surveys. The Skerries Bank consists of a "drape" of unconsolidated, possible coarse material overlying


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medium to fine grained silty sand. A break of slope in the bedrock surface nearer inshore and a step-like profile in the


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southern part of Start Bay, may be either subaerial or marine in origin; they were probably formed when sea-level was


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lower. Other major features include infilled (buried) valleys or channels; and terrace like forms that may be relict barrier


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A description of the present morphology of Dawlish Warren, an unusual double spit consisting the inner and outer


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Warrens, separated by a broad depression. Previous studies of changes to the shape and extent of this feature are


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summarised and additional maps, covering the period 1787 to 1947 are used to show evolution. To trends are


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pre-eminent, viz. 9i) gradual erosion of the seaward face of the outer Warren; and (ii) successive advances and retreats


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of the distal end. Sediment sources available for the past construction of Dawlish warren are evaluated, together with


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wind and wave processes that are involved in both accretion and erosion. Updrift supply is considered a significant


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Patterns and volumes of both erosion and accretion are identified, ascribed to both tidal currents and wave action.


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These are also related to recent changes of beach width and height at Exmouth. This background is used to suggest


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several options for dreading this main approach channel, including assessment of economics and environmental impacts.


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The errors involved in attempting to correlate evidence of relative Holocene sea-level rise gathered from spatially


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disparate areas are discussed at length. All available relevant radiocarbon dates for south west England and Wales


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are plotted as error ellipses, but there are no significant differences in the chronology of sea-level rise between south


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Devon and Cardigan Bay. Possible sea-level rise oscillations are smaller than the range of uncertainty arising from the


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Start Bay is used, amongst other examples, in a discussion of the determination of wave conditions appropriate to the


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computation of sediment movement in the nearshore environment. A standard method of specification of deep water


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waves, and their propagation into shallow water is outlined. The latter involves complex transformations in which the


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effects of wave refraction is considered of primary importance. A means of computing onshore wave conditions from


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offshore wave data is described. The latter is applied, particularly to Start Bay.


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Wave refraction computations provide a semi-quantitative description of the effects of nearshore sea-bed topography on


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factor, as this will have gradually diminished as the coastline has receded. Breaching since the early nineteenth


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century is proof of the continuing losses of sediment input. It is predicted that the Outer Warren will disappear within


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10 to 15 years if recent trends are maintained (despite attempts at protection by responsible agencies).


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Detailed recording of small scale changes for more than a decade suggests reasons for the acceleration of erosion of


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Dawlish Warren spit since 1949. This accretion form is characteristic of others in the late stage of development, whose


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ultimate destruction is inevitable. The loss of sand supply (from offshore reservoirs or stores) is the prime cause, and


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there is no evidence to suggest any cyclic behaviour. Defence of this structure in the future will be difficult. Beach


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nourishment and / or the construction of a massive sea wall are the only feasible options.


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Detailed analysis of changes in the shape, size and volume of sandbanks between the ebb and flood channels at the


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entrance to the Exe estuary, between 1987 and 1991. Longer term trends in accretion and erosion especially between


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1974 and 1987 are identified. Bank migration (esp. Finger Bank) is evident and indicates a dynamic sediment budget.


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Finger Bank exists between mutually evasive flood and ebb channels and may be a stage in the accretion / erosion


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Analysis of detailed changes of bank and channel morphology between 1991 and 1992 and more broadly since 1987.


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There has been a significant reduction in the north-west extent of Finger Bank, which has migrated 400m upstream


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since 1987. South Finger Channel has widened and elongated south-eastwards, whilst the 'pass' between Pole Sand


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and Boomerang Bank has moved eastwards. This is due to accretion on Pole Sand. The ebb tidal stream dominates


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South Finger Channel. Whilst the flood channels may not continue, and they may Unify as in the past. The above data


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is evaluated in terms of failure dredging strategy.


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The first part examines detailed changes in channel configuration and bank shape / elevation between 1992 and 1994


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in the approach channel. Trends previously recorded have been maintained. The changes of the shape, volume and


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height of Bull Hill Bank, within the estuary mouth are traced back to 1743. Over nearly 250 years, this feature has grown


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considerably with some 60m of W/NW movement since 1974. It has caused the mutually evasive flood and ebb


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channels to determine bank shape. The feature is interpreted as a delta, built by the flood current.


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While increased attention is being paid to the use of quarried rock in groynes, revetments and breakwaters and to


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beach recharge, the large volumes of materials and the associated environmental costs of obtaining these resources


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has begun to focus minds. Interest in the possible future use of a wider range of material sizes and qualities for beach


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recharge and in the use of smaller armour block sizes which move during profile adjustment has been growing.


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Deployment of these dynamic materials for coastal protection structures has focussed research on the long-term


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and gneiss pebbles in a field experiment will be negligible, their long-term losses may be predicted from experiments and


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observations on beaches such as Slapton Sands, where pebbles of rapidly abrading rock types have been measured.


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A summary and commentary in the context of more contemporary understanding of beach morphodynamics of the


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measurements and observations on Town beach, Sidmouth, completed by John Tindall, 1922 - 1926. Manuscript


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records (by other observers) for 1953-75 are also used. Tindalls records indicate that beach height variations can be


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directly related to incident waves (derived from his wind direction and speed data and to reversals of longshore


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transport. During the 1920s Town Beach was lower than in the mid nineteenth century and since the 1940s - possibly


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due to deliberate 'pebble' removal for road making and sea wall construction and repair. Tindall also made numerous


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observations of the blockage of the mouth of the Sid, which was 'open' for only 46% of the time in the period 1922-26.


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This percentage has increased in subsequent decades of the twentieth century. Tindall implied that Sidmouth beach


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may have a barrier origin, but did not address the question of how it recovered from storms. He also observed cusp


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formation, which are explained here in the context of modern theory.


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Reconstruction of stages of change in the planform of Dawlish Warren since 1787, based on previous maps and charts.


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This narrative is prefaced by a description of the basic physiography of the spit in the 1860s up to severe erosion


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6 major units are identified which include the Shingle Ridge; Higher Ley; Lower Ley ; Higher and Lower Ley Marshes;


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Leyside Fringes; Woodland; grassland and arable. The latter two units cover the Ley catchment. All units are


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sub-divided into smaller spatial segments, based on their distinctive properties. Description includes details of changes


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(e.g. beach profiles and vegetation cover) in recent years. There is some original data on the composition of the beach


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clasts, and on fluctuations in lagoon levels due to variation in input discharge.


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Preliminary data on cool water carbonates in recent coastal and estuarine sediments at various sites around


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south-west England. Brief summaries of carbonate percentages, mineralogy and geochemistry are given, indicating


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the importance of siliceous mineral supply in regulating carbonate concentration. Some inferences of estuary transport


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and mixing can be made, but further research is necessary before more definite conclusions are drawn out.


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An overview of the coastal morphology of the coastline between Strete and Start Point, emphasising that the coastal


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outline has become less irregular as a consequence of barrier beach growth. Confined lagoons are either infilled


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(Greenstraight, Hallsands) or rapidly reducing in area and depth. The loss of the village of Hallsands 1897-1923 is


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recounted giving lack of replenishment from the 'closed' sediment cell of Start Bay as the main cause following gravel


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extraction. Beach levels continued to fall, 1923-1957, with accelerated cliff and platform weathering and erosion.


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A re-examination of the literature on Quaternary stratigraphy and palaeoenvironments represented by displaced


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shorelines and raised beaches. A complex history of relative sea-level change and head deposit formation is apparent,


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in which altitudinal criteria as a basis for sequential division is regarded as in appropriate. Evidence from Hope's Nose


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suggests that one raised shoreline may predate the last intergalcial. There remain major problems of dating and


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correlation between Tor Bay sites, as well as with sites (together) and those elsewhere in south-west England.


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Description and analysis of the morphology and associated sediments of raised wave-cut platforms (sic); displaced and


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degraded clifflines and head deposits occurring along the south Devon coastline between Hope's Nose and Start


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Point / Plymouth Hoe. Collectively, these forms record the complex interactions between climate change, geomorphic


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process regime changes and relative sea-level fluctuations. The attempt is made to correlate the major stages of


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platform development in time and space and to recognise successive stages in the evolution of parts of the


refAbstractLine:
contemporary coastal zone. 65 ft, 24ft and 14ft stages are recognised with variations of both platform and cliff


refAbstractLine:
morphology determined by the three main substrate areas (limestone, slate and schist).


refAbstractLine:
An excursion-based account of the principal geological and geomorphological features of South and East Devon.


refAbstractLine:
Several coastal sections, including now abandoned coastal quarries, are used to highlight the structural and


refAbstractLine:
palaeographical history of the region. Specific features include: structural controls of coastal outline and cliff form


refAbstractLine:
(especially in Tor Bay); beach composition; displaced shorelines, including raised beaches; effects of quarrying and


refAbstractLine:
A summary of the study site characteristics, principal objectives of the COAST 3D programme at Teignmouth, major


refAbstractLine:
survey and measurement activities and wave conditions during periods of instrument deployment. A final section on


refAbstractLine:
interpretation comprises brief summaries of other papers in this report (separately attached).


refAbstractLine:
the magnitude of sediment transport increased through the surf zone to a maximum in the inner surf area. Net transport


refAbstractLine:
was related to a balance between wave asymmetry 9driving sediment onshore) and undertow (backwash). The


refAbstractLine:
direction of the longshore current was found to correlate with changes in the offshore wave direction approach.


refAbstractLine:
For wave approaching the shore at angles of less that 140 degrees (with reference to North), longshore currents, were


refAbstractLine:
directed to the south. For larger angles, it was to the north. Current magnitude depended on wave height and position


refAbstractLine:
A discussion of the current geomorphological processes, longer-term physical history and shoreline management


refAbstractLine:
practices characterising Dawlish Warren spit, the Exe estuary mouth and the coastline between Dawlish and


refAbstractLine:
Langstone Rock. The text is arranged around a sequence of field locations with basic description of site


refAbstractLine:
details, questions and background / explanation / answers for each location. Designed for educational groups and


refAbstractLine:
individual users. Background covers both general and regional material and points to issues which are not yet fully


refAbstractLine:
marine influences predominate in the lower Exe estuary, characterised by a sizeable - but variable - fluvial input; a


refAbstractLine:
moderately large tidal regime, and moderate exposure to marine inputs. It has proven difficult to prove the precise


refAbstractLine:
origins of current sediment stores. Sedimentation processes and sediment structures are described for both the inner


refAbstractLine:
and outer estuaries, specifically identifying channels and banks created by ebb and flood tidal currents. Bull Hill Bank


refAbstractLine:
is interpreted as a flood tide delta; Shaggles Sand to the River Kenn as a marine-dominated channel. Most of the


refAbstractLine:
sediment comprising the upper estuary tidal flats is derived from river input.


refAbstractLine:
A descriptive and detailed account of the main areas of intertidal and supratidal vegetation in the Exe estuary seawards


refAbstractLine:
of confining seawalls and embankments. Each area is characterised by a locally specific vegetation community, the


refAbstractLine:
principal species of which are listed. Reasons for spatial variation are suggested with specific reference to tidal


refAbstractLine:
submergence period and salinity levels in the rooting zones of dominant species. This paper presents new data on


refAbstractLine:
losses experienced in a major storm in January 1869. The question of the origins of the spit are addressed together with


refAbstractLine:
speculation of the causes of current erosion. The building of the coastal railway between Dawlish Station and


refAbstractLine:
Teignmouth is considered a contributory cause of recent loss of sediment supply. Possible measures of shore


refAbstractLine:
protection are briefly considered, but are not considered conclusive of success.


refAbstractLine:
Comment and analysis of the observations (1816-1869) of Peacock, previously omitted from Martin (1872; 1876)


refAbstractLine:
Peacock's analysis of changes in the shape and area of Dawlish warren based on maps and charts back to 1556 is


refAbstractLine:
presented and commented upon. Additional, but incidental detail on changes in the middle and lower Exe are also


refAbstractLine:
included, relating mostly to apparent channel migration. Charts and maps from 1723-1888, are re-examined and


refAbstractLine:
changes in area, between six successive dates, of Dawlish Warren are computed by reducing all to a common


refAbstractLine:
planimetric scale. Losses have continued into the early 1980s. The paper concludes with some speculative proposals


refAbstractLine:
on future defence (which include using sewage as a means of encouraging vegetation growth on the seaward slopes


refAbstractLine:
of the spit via a discharge at Langstone Rock!)


refAbstractLine:
A short account of the geology and evolution of the Start Bay coastline, emphasising the development of Slapton


refAbstractLine:
Sands, prefaces detailed description of the morphology, hydrology, soils and vegetation cover of the Reserve.


refAbstractLine:
saltmarsh and mudflat levels in relation to the tidal frame; and chloride content of soil solutions to 10cm depths. Salinity


refAbstractLine:
gradients are created suggesting that some species are very sensitive to salinity controls, others are more tolerant.


refAbstractLine:
Since the early 1940's, spartina anglica has spread (from planting made in the early 1930s) but has now reached its


refAbstractLine:
limit for further colonisation in the lower estuary. Here there is now evidence of "dieback" spartina continues to grow


refAbstractLine:
vigorously in the upper estuary. The overall community structure of the vegetation of the Exe estuary is close to most


refAbstractLine:
models for the south/west coast of the UK.


refAbstractLine:
Dawlish Warren is used as a case example to develop a methodology for assessing historical coastal change using


refAbstractLine:
data commonly available to coastal zone managers. This approach can also be used to predict future change if used in


refAbstractLine:
conjunction with a monitoring programme and the commissioning of additional in situ data collection project(s). Spatial


refAbstractLine:
changes affecting the spit, and near/offshore banks between 1743 and 1988 are analysed using a GIS approach.


refAbstractLine:
These changes reflect sediment supply and changing equilibrium between this factor, forcing agents and natural


refAbstractLine:
morphodynamic equilibrium. Erosion / accretion phases are linked to variations in the extent and shape of Pole Sand.


refAbstractLine:
Bull Hill Bank is probably controlled by tidal processes alone. Evaluation stress the inaccuracies of many historical


refAbstractLine:
(archival) sources of data and scarcity of reliable data on the physical processes.


refAbstractLine:
This paper falls into two parts. The first is concerned with the description, analysis and interpretation of the hydrography


refAbstractLine:
(bathymetry) and sediment composition of Start Bay. The most prominent feature is the Skerries Bank. Analysis of


refAbstractLine:
hydrographic charts, 1853-1951, indicate overall stability of planform, but with landwards migration of the extremities.


refAbstractLine:
This is consistent with transport (mostly fine sand and communited shell debris) by the dominant ebb tidal stream,


refAbstractLine:
which runs slightly oblique to the shoreline trend. The second part examines beach profile change along 6 sections at


refAbstractLine:
and both north and south of Hallsands platform, which did recover to pre-1903 levels. The implication is that dredging


refAbstractLine:
between 1897 and 1902 removed a "fossil" nearshore sediment store that previously maintained beach equilibrium.


refAbstractLine:
There is evidently no offshore to onshore sediment transfer; nor is there any net longshore sediment transport, because


refAbstractLine:
of limited supplies and frequent reversals of movement on beaches "trapped" between headlands. The beaches of Start


refAbstractLine:
Bay are tentatively interpreted in terms of barrier origin (though that term is not used).


refAbstractLine:
A cyclical pattern of change affecting the morphological forms at the mouth and immediately seawards of the entrance


refAbstractLine:
to the Teign estuary has been recognised by researchers for over a century. However, previous studies have been of


refAbstractLine:
limited durations, so estimates of cyclise periods have varied up to a maximum of 7 years. There are also conflicting


refAbstractLine:
views over the relative efficiency of waves and tidal currents in bring about observed changes. Systematic mapping of


refAbstractLine:
the banks at the estuary mouth, since 1964, together with some sediment tracer experiments, has revealed complex


refAbstractLine:
and short-term irregular changes within an overall cyclic framework. Attempts to explain these fluctuations involve the


refAbstractLine:
recognition that there are distinct current and wave-dominated domains. It is apparent that estuary morphodynamics are


refAbstractLine:
a function of a closed cell of sediment transport, largely independent of direct offshore process interactions.


refAbstractLine:
A factual summary of weekly observations on the profile form and repetitive measurements of the height of the Town


refAbstractLine:
Beach, Sidmouth. April 1922 to June 1936. Profile fluctuations are qualitatively ascribed to changes in incident waves,


refAbstractLine:
whilst height variations are essentially the product of longshore transport in both east and west directions. These are


refAbstractLine:
related to records of prevailing wind strength and direction. Background detail on beach sediment composition; the


refAbstractLine:
effects of seawall construction on beach levels, and the impact of the Sid entrance on drift from the east is provided


refAbstractLine:
and used tentatively to explain patterns of change of beach morphology.


refAbstractLine:
general context of the composition and behaviour of the beach in response to prevailing winds, waves and fetch


refAbstractLine:
distance. Sidmouth beaches are a virtual closed sediment supply system, as input material from adjacent cliffs is small;


refAbstractLine:
the River Sid delivers an appreciable sediment move east and west under the influence of longshore drift for ESE, SE


refAbstractLine:
and WSW; this mostly accounts for observed beach crest height fluctuations. Profile curvature is convexo-concave


refAbstractLine:
earlier predictions of the irresponsibility of offshore dredging. It is now apparent that there is significant onshore


refAbstractLine:
movement of shingle from Start Bay towards the coastline south of Slapton. Start Bay is a "closed" sediment transport


refAbstractLine:
system in which littoral and nearshore / offshore movements are effectively independent.


refAbstractLine:
An experimental study of bedload transport on Spratt Sand, which is demonstrated to be the function of bedform


refAbstractLine:
migration in the layer of sediment on top of shoal. Sediment availability in the absolute control of bedload movement


refAbstractLine:
potential rates of transport and bedform height appear to be positively correlated; the former is substantially increased


refAbstractLine:
where tidal currents and waves work together. Bedload transport is, however, induced by tidal currents alone, which


refAbstractLine:
reach maximum values of 0.9 to 1.0ms-1. Both tidal and wave generated currents increase bed shear stress which then


refAbstractLine:
entrain suspended sediments. The increase of suspended load therefore correlates with increased shear stress at the


refAbstractLine:
seabed. Suspended grains then move from crest to crest promoting (ripple) migration. Thus, bedform movement is


refAbstractLine:
controlled by volume of supply of suspended sediment.


refAbstractLine:
Bed levels in the swash zone were a function of complex interaction between breaking waves, tidal currents, beach slope


refAbstractLine:
, beach water table and grain characteristics. Rapid accretion and depletion followed tidal rise and fall with a repeating


refAbstractLine:
sequence of minor morphological changes. Sediment size varied in response, regulated by tidal movement/tidal stream


refAbstractLine:
velocity. The type, height and location of breaking waves, modulated by water level variation, appeared to be key


refAbstractLine:
factors controlling morphological change. Variation of level during single tides was larger than net change observed


refAbstractLine:
A comparison of the performance of different numerical models in predicting tidal and sediment motion, seawards of the


refAbstractLine:
Teign estuary mouth, during the COAST 3D experimental surveys. Small errors in predicting the position or strength of


refAbstractLine:
tidal vortices can create large errors in point-specific time-series measurements. Model performance statistics were used


refAbstractLine:
to assess model performance; a relative mean absolute error of 0.6 is encouraging (it was derived from "tuned"


refAbstractLine:
modelling). Most models were limited to using a single grain size and very simplistic microtopography. This is an evident


refAbstractLine:
limitation as field measurement reveals a complex dynamic environment. Model and reality were closest for seabed


refAbstractLine:
behaviour immediately north of the main estuary channel.


refAbstractLine:
Poster presented at Conference on Coastal and Estuarine Environments: Sedimentology, Geomorphology and


refAbstractLine:
Geoarchaeology (The Geological Society, London, 9-10 November)


refAbstractLine:
Provisional summary of results of sediment sampling and digital side-scan sonar mapping of bedforms in the nearshore


refAbstractLine:
and offshore zones of the Teign estuary approach area and the mouth of the Teign. Sediment mobility is high even


refAbstractLine:
The immediate works will provide protection to the existing sea wall with a small rock toe and shingle berm to prevent


refAbstractLine:
undermining of the sea wall. Concrete repairs will be made to the existing sea wall and the existing timber groynes field


refAbstractLine:
will be refurbished to suit the shingle recharge.


refAbstractLine:
the programme of works include beach management activities which involve ongoing maintenance and beach monitoring.


refAbstractLine:
Overtopping of the existing sea wall causes a nuisance at present and will continue, although to a lesser extent,


refAbstractLine:
following completion of the immediate works, should the present trends in lowering foreshore continue, then overtopping


refAbstractLine:
The capital costs of the proposed coastal defence works in the first five years (not discounted) amount to £3.70m. The


refAbstractLine:
present value scheme cost discounted over a fifty year life is £4.77m. It is proposed that the works will commence in


refAbstractLine:
A brief account of the large cliff fall that occurred immediately behind the Beachy Head lighthouse on 11th


refAbstractLine:
January 1999. the cause(s) are uncertain, but a range of possible contributing mechanisms and processes are


refAbstractLine:
Recent and historical rates of erosion and shoreline retreat, of the Chalk cliffs between Seaford head and


refAbstractLine:
Cuckmere Haven are reported. Descriptions of recent (1956-1958) cliff top falls and reference is made to


refAbstractLine:
local authority surveys of retreat at Birling Gap. Historical references include the partial destruction of


refAbstractLine:
prehistoric field boundaries and defence works and the disappearance of a large artificially created cave, first


refAbstractLine:
In proving the physical model with the field data there was a clear indication that significant reductions in


refAbstractLine:
the surge of vessels moored at Pennys Wharf would result from replacing the floating tyre fenders with


refAbstractLine:
conventional spring fenders fixed to the quay face.


refAbstractLine:
Electronic tracers have been used to study the behaviour of an 'open' shingle beach and an 'engineered'


refAbstractLine:
shingle beach, on the central south coast of the UK at Shoreham-by-Sea. Mean spring tidal range at the two


refAbstractLine:
sites is large (5.7m) and the predicted maximum annual wave height offshore is 4.0m.


refAbstractLine:
The position (cross-shore and vertical) of clasts on the open beach has shown to be intermittently related to


refAbstractLine:
the distance that they travelled longshore. Particle size has also been found to be related to longshore


refAbstractLine:
Re-analysis of a selection of the highest quality (tracer-derived) longshore transport rate data collected by


refAbstractLine:
Workman (1997), on the open beach, showed no increase in transport efficiency in high wave energy


refAbstractLine:
conditions (Pl values up to 2204 W/m). New calibrations of the CERC model, for the two sites, indicated a


refAbstractLine:
linear relationship between immersed weight transport rate and the longshore component of wave power.


refAbstractLine:
Values for the coefficient investigation of tracer mixing suggests that the transport rates presented are likely


refAbstractLine:
to be over-estimated due to the material introduced not being fully incorporated in the indigenous sediment.


refAbstractLine:
The measured rates have been compared with those predicted by 7 analytical models (Van Wellen et al.,


refAbstractLine:
One of the key factors involved in the identification of coastal areas at risk from natural hazards is that of extreme


refAbstractLine:
events. The delineation of the history of storminess is essential to a full understanding of coastal impacts and the


refAbstractLine:
consequences of future climate change. Information and interpretation is presented on the local physical impacts of


refAbstractLine:
coastal storms along the Dorset coast, United Kingdom. Research and analysis of historical coastal storm impacts and


refAbstractLine:
their meteorological forcing agents have been performed using a new customised digital metadata repository The


refAbstractLine:
Dorset Coastal Storms Database (1865-2001). The database acts as an important information resource and


refAbstractLine:
model for the examination of geographic and temporal storm impacts.


refAbstractLine:
A review of the methods of theoretical / numerical modelling of shingle transport on beaches with groynes, and their


refAbstractLine:
effects on beach morphodynamics and development.  A numerical model is developed and applied to a test site at


refAbstractLine:
Hove. Results are compared with actual development as determined from documented records, which are reasonable


refAbstractLine:
close. The greatest discrepancy occurs near to the western boundary of the Marina, probably because of inadequacies


refAbstractLine:
in attempts to numerically simulate wave reflection. Offshore onshore movements (cross-shore transport) may also have


refAbstractLine:
Most existing modelling approaches from the prediction of coastal evolution are founded on the science of small-scale


refAbstractLine:
coastal geomorphological processes. The ability to predict long-term (50-100 years plus) larger scale changes in coastal


refAbstractLine:
systems is crucial to sustainable shoreline / coastal zone management. The advantages of a sediment budgetary


refAbstractLine:
approach are reviewed, and it is suggested that it is better suited than existing hydrodynamic and physical explanatory


refAbstractLine:
models. The procedure for developing a conceptual sediment model approach to coastal evolution prediction is


refAbstractLine:
outlined, which is then applied to examples of Poole Bay to identify types of results achievable, and benefits. It is


refAbstractLine:
proposed that the most appropriate future shoreline management strategy is one of continued beach replenishment,


refAbstractLine:
together with maintenance of existing seawall and groyne defences.


refAbstractLine:
A passive acoustic technique is used for the detection of instantaneous gravel movement in shallow offshore areas.


refAbstractLine:
Noise created by the inter-collision of moving particles is proportional to the transport rate. This approach is used in


refAbstractLine:
conjunction with wave and current measurements to clarify shingle transport processes, and can be employed in


refAbstractLine:
tidally-dominated areas and with shoaling waves. It is less useful for research in the surf zone of breaking waves, which


refAbstractLine:
increase ambient noise levels. A shingle tracing technique has been developed, involving the implantation of a miniature


refAbstractLine:
electronic transmitter into a particle of the same representative shape and specific gravity of the indigenous population.


refAbstractLine:
This "transmitting" particle is detectable even if buried to depths of up to 70cm therefore giving high (about 80%)


refAbstractLine:
recovery rates. These techniques were applied to an area of about 8m water depth in Christchurch Bay, on the edge of


refAbstractLine:
a gravel wave field. They demonstrated the enhancing effects of waves in near / offshore shingle transport. Longshore


refAbstractLine:
transport in the surf zone can be calculated using the energy flux equation; the K co-efficient is shown to be constant


refAbstractLine:
at 0.017 for particles sizes >20 cm diameter.


refAbstractLine:
A sequence of text and 'Activity' questions (addressed to geography students) relating to the geology and


refAbstractLine:
geomorphology of the East Sussex coastline; weathering and erosion of chalk cliffs; and shoreline platform morphology


refAbstractLine:
and processes. Examples examined are Peacehaven, Bastion and Fairlight Cove. Both include extracts from


refAbstractLine:
unpublished (local authority) reports and newspaper articles large scale O.S. maps, 1873-1960 covering Peacehaven


refAbstractLine:
and reproduced as a basis for an exercise. Cliff retreat, without defences is plotted.


refAbstractLine:
A full account of the research results of both English and French partners. Work on the East Sussex coast covers


refAbstractLine:
calculations of chalk cliff retreat and release of flint to adjacent beaches. This is arrived at using detailed analysis of %


refAbstractLine:
flint content in situ cliffs. Beach profile data was also used to obtain estimates of beach volume changes over the past


refAbstractLine:
25 years (though EA ABMS data was not employed due to technical problems). Both laboratory and field abrasion


refAbstractLine:
experiments were undertaken  to determine actual rates of loss of volume of flint clasts on contemporary beaches.


refAbstractLine:
Results indicate that rates are higher than previously anticipates, although experimental conditions impose some


refAbstractLine:
constraints on interpretation. Results reflect variations in incident wave energy as well as contrasts in clast size, shape,


refAbstractLine:
etc. Observation and sand exchange between the shore platform and shingle beaches are also reported.


refAbstractLine:
An analysis of the morphodynamic response of the Seaford beach replenishment scheme, complete in October 1987.


refAbstractLine:
A range of hydraulic conditions have been experiences, including one very severe storm. The beach has behaved


refAbstractLine:
within its design parameters with loss (resulting from (I) washing out of fines (ii) beackshore-foreshore exchange) slightly


refAbstractLine:
less than predicted. Net longshore drift has been eastwards.


refAbstractLine:
A scoping study of the various options for future management of Seaford beach. Since the late nineteenth century, this


refAbstractLine:
shingle beach has experienced progressive loss of elevation and volume. This has been ascribed to the impedance


refAbstractLine:
of longshore sediment transport, from the west, by the construction of the 800m long western breakwater at Newhaven


refAbstractLine:
Harbour. However, other causes account for this trend, particularly the exposure of this frontage to high energy waves


refAbstractLine:
from both SW and SE quadrants. Seaford beach is a former spit, and may be losing sediment because of the failure of


refAbstractLine:
offshore supplies from Seaford Bay. The advantages and practicalities of a large-scale shingle renourishment are


refAbstractLine:
reviewed with the conclusion that it is the only feasible option for long-term beach management.


refAbstractLine:
A brief narrative of changes at the mouth of the Cuckmere river between July 1912 and August 1914. At the start of this


refAbstractLine:
period, the Cuckmere discharged at the extreme eastern side, but storms associated with maximum spring tides in


refAbstractLine:
August caused the confining gravel spit to close this exit and create inundation of the flood plain. An artificial channel


refAbstractLine:
was cut at mid-point of the barrier bar as an immediate emergency measure, but over the next two years eastwards spit


refAbstractLine:
growth caused constant changes in the configuration of the mouth. Overall, it attempted to regain its previous point of


refAbstractLine:
An historical account of the location of old Shoreham; its relocation to New Shoreham in the C12th and the progressive


refAbstractLine:
eastwards migration of the mouth of the Adur due to shingle spit growth. Some details of the natural sedimentation and


refAbstractLine:
reclamation of alluvial / estuarine flats upstream from past and present river mouth is provided, drawing on historical


refAbstractLine:
archival data. Some of the interpretation of shingle barrier extension derives from inference rather than documented


refAbstractLine:
A partially documented account of the former positions of the mouth of the Ouse between the sixteenth and late


refAbstractLine:
eighteenth centuries. The earliest recorded outlet of the Ouse is at Seaford due to the earlier progressive eastwards


refAbstractLine:
migration of the confining shingle spit. There is evidence that this spit is a form of barrier structure, having experienced


refAbstractLine:
several storm-induced breaches as well as having migrated landwards. This behaviour may also suggest that shingle


refAbstractLine:
supplies from Seaford entrance was abandoned in the mid C16th and new one created at Newhaven. This may have


refAbstractLine:
exploited an earlier breach. The new outlet was enlarged and engineered in the early C17th but became blocked by


refAbstractLine:
shingle growth to east. This was despite construction of an eastern training wall in 1664. Thus, Bishopstone entrance,


refAbstractLine:
to the east of Tide Mills, was used up to 1731, when western breakwater was built below Castle Hill at Newhaven. This


refAbstractLine:
continued to experience further problems of sedimentation until 1845, when long stone groyne built at western side. It is


refAbstractLine:
suggested that East to West counter drift along Seaford beach in the lea of the eastern training wall is a product of


refAbstractLine:
wave refraction set up by the western breakwater built 1878-1890.


refAbstractLine:
A detailed illustrated field description of the structural lithological, minerological and palaeontological characteristics of


refAbstractLine:
the chalk at selected sites. These include Beachy Head to Cow gap; Castle Hill Newhaven (included overlying


refAbstractLine:
Palaeogene material); Friar's Bay; Peacehaven to Saltdean and Black Rock (Brighton Marina). Descriptions of dry


refAbstractLine:
valley infills and cliff top periglacially modified / cryostatic structures are given where appropriate. There is also some


refAbstractLine:
reference to lithology controls of shore platform morphology and cliff behaviour.


refAbstractLine:
Laboratory evidence supporting the idea that frost damage is increased by the presence of salt in seawater is also


refAbstractLine:
presented, and it is suggested that the combination action of frost and salt weathering may be an effective weathering


refAbstractLine:
process in temperate coastal environments.


refAbstractLine:
Based on historical data of channel dredging; 20 surveys, 1986-87 undertaken before and after both maintenance /


refAbstractLine:
capital dredging of the approach channel; and numerical modelling of wave climate, it is concluded that the majority of


refAbstractLine:
sediment that causes inner channel siltation is disturbed / entrained by waves and moved by tidal currents. Specific


refAbstractLine:
patterns of siltation are a product of local wave refraction / diffraction and their effect on wave disturbance of offshore


refAbstractLine:
seabed sediments; coincident tidal current velocities; tidal range. Maximum rates of siltation are likely to occur under


refAbstractLine:
south-west approaching winter (storm) waves whose peak energy coincides with spring tidal lows. Sediment is stored in


refAbstractLine:
the approach channel because water depths are greater and wave energy is less effective in disturbing sediment.


refAbstractLine:
However, tidal currents alone can move sediment  (once supplied by waves), and deep draught vessels might also be


refAbstractLine:
a factor in re-suspending fine sand. It is evident that channel siltation is not primarily fed by longshore transport, though


refAbstractLine:
there is some by-passing of the western breakwater. Based on hydraulic arguments, various alternatives approaches to


refAbstractLine:
future channel dredging and deepening are discussed.


refAbstractLine:
During the last 100 years, beach levels at Seaford have progressively fallen, the ause of which involve the alteration of


refAbstractLine:
wave climate resulting from the building of the Newhaven Harbour Western Breakwater (1880-90) and the building of


refAbstractLine:
the Seaford seawall and groynes in 1903 (with later extensions). Loss of beach height and volume threatened the


refAbstractLine:
collapse of the seawall in the 1970s, consequently Southern Water Authority commissioned physical and numerical


refAbstractLine:
modelling of beach morphodynamics in relation to wave climate and sediment supply. The conclusion was that the


refAbstractLine:
beach could only be returned to a stable condition if it was to be replenished. This paper gives an account of this


refAbstractLine:
project together with details of its behaviour following scheme completion in 1987. This included the impact of the


refAbstractLine:
"Great Storm" of October 1987, which the beach absorbed without significant permanent effects.


refAbstractLine:
44 chalk shore platform sites between Brighton Marina and Seaford head (most located between the eastern side of


refAbstractLine:
the Marina and Friars Cliff) were systematically measured for quantitative data on rates of vertical erosion. The mean


refAbstractLine:
rate proved to be 2.6mm a-1 but with considerable spatial variation that reflects location within the intertidal profile;


refAbstractLine:
proximity to beach materials and exposure to wave energy. It did not prove feasible to identify and evaluate the relative


refAbstractLine:
contributions of specific processes, but the intuitive conclusion is that frost weathering may be more important than


refAbstractLine:
wave shearing; wave-assisted abrasion; solution and other bio-mechanical weathering processes. Based on variation


refAbstractLine:
in micromorphology, an evolutionary model of shore platform development is proposed. All stages are co-adjacent at


refAbstractLine:
present. Horizontal stripping and micro-step recession may be of significance, although this research focuses on vertical


refAbstractLine:
erosion. As platform retreat is confined by protected cliffs, the continued future lowering of platform surfaces will mean


refAbstractLine:
longer periods of submergence and general narrowing over the next 50-100 years. This will have impacts on shoreline


refAbstractLine:
defences. An ancillary section, concerned with the role of abrasion, reviews evidence of beach volume changes,


refAbstractLine:
1975-1983 and shore-term pathways of longshore transport.


refAbstractLine:
An interim report of progress on doctoral research on rates of downwearing of the chalk shoreline platform between


refAbstractLine:
Brighton Marina and Peacehaven (with some additional control sites between Seaford head and beach Head). Four


refAbstractLine:
main types of sites are identified with respect to relationships between micro-erosion meter-measured erosion rates


refAbstractLine:
(mm a-1) and microtopographic features / exposure to wave action. Rates vary between 2 and 8.65mm a-1, with


refAbstractLine:
minimum rates associated with platforms appear to correlate with exposure to abrasion by shingle of pre-existing winter


refAbstractLine:
months, suggesting that frost weathering plays a significant role as well as wave-assisted abrasion. The absence of


refAbstractLine:
evidence for erosion by hydraulic wave impact suggests that the term "wave-cut platform" is ill advised. The specific


refAbstractLine:
contributions of 1. The variable lithology and structure of chalk; 2. Solution processes are not separately evaluated.


refAbstractLine:
The main objective of the East Sussex component of the INTERRE-G II (European Commission) Beach Erosion in


refAbstractLine:
Rives Mance (BERM) project is to provide a quantified beach budget for the 24km chalk coastline between Brighton


refAbstractLine:
Marina and Beachy Head. This will provide insight into the management issue of whether contemporary beaches are


refAbstractLine:
sustainable, or need routine management. This report discusses the problems of understanding and constructing


refAbstractLine:
budgets for the flint shingle beaches of this coastline, including the issue of whether they are now "fossil" or continue to


refAbstractLine:
be sustained by new input sources. Progress is reported on detailed GIS-based analysis of cliff erosion rates, for every


refAbstractLine:
50m stretch from 1874; calculations of yield of flints from past and present cliff erosion and platform abrasion /


refAbstractLine:
downwearing (assuming a 5% flint content of the chalk) and in situ weight losses resulting from abrasion. Experimental


refAbstractLine:
and analytical approaches are outlined emphasising some of the difficulties and uncertainties. Research is continuing


refAbstractLine:
but early provisional data is given. The protection structures (wall, groynes, cliff trimming) has probably inhibited


refAbstractLine:
input of new flint material from the cliff / platform. This may account for beach depletion over recent decades,


refAbstractLine:
especially at Telscombe and Saltdene. ABMs beach profile data will be examined to provide further quantitative insights.


refAbstractLine:
A description of the main lithostratigraphical units currently exposed from upper involuted chalk debris at the cliff top to


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raised Beach. All are banked up against a fossil cliff, exposed oblique to current cliff face. A review and discussion of


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the environmental significance of vertebrate and molluscan in both the Raised beach and overlying Head deposits


refAbstractLine:
suggests accumulation over a relatively short period. The vertebrate evidence supports earlier amino acid racemization


refAbstractLine:
analysis of shell fragments that the raised beach is probably Oxygen Isotope Stage 7 in age -i.e. transition from cold to


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warmer conditions at the beginning of the last full interglacial.


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A review of historical erosion rates of the cliffs at and adjacent to Birling Gap based on OS maps and the annual survey


refAbstractLine:
of the position of the cliff top undertaken by the local authority since 1951. A mean recession rate of 0.73ma-1 is


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proposed. This would yield some 1300m3 a-1 of flint from the chalk cliffs west to Seaford Head to sustain the existing


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beaches. The latter have been reasonably stable since the early 1990's. the wave climate of this sector is as severe as


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any along the south coast with Hs of 5.5m for a 20 year return period. Thus tendencies towards net beach erosion must


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be anticipated. However, there remain several uncertainties over the local beach budget, as current inputs from cliff


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erosion are insignificant yet beach condition has been generally stable (despite fluctuations) for several decades.


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Detailed summary of earlier descriptions of the lithostratigraphy of deposits overlying obliquely revealed Pleistocene cliff


refAbstractLine:
at Black Rock, exposed in modern cliff. The latter was actively eroding up until the 1930s, when existing defences


refAbstractLine:
were constructed. Exposure was diminished when infrastructure supporting adjacent Marina was constructed in 1977.


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This paper reports a new survey of the section using laser rangefinder on a 'total station' theodolite. This reports specific


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heights (levels) tied to A.O.D. of all discernible lithostratigraphic units. Recommendations for further research are made.


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Annual and other periodic surveys of position of cliff top based on field survey using fixed benchmarks and reference


refAbstractLine:
This record includes surveys undertaken by predecessor authorities back to 1951.


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Chapter 1 (pp. 13-32_ provides a digest of knowledge concerning the geomorphological evolution of the Solent.


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Particular emphasis is given to archaeological evidence of Holocene sea-level rise from sites around the Solent.


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A report on the geotechnical properties of the chalk; processes of chalk failure in relation to structural and lithological


refAbstractLine:
features; and recommendations for remedial and monitoring work.


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Extensive spalling and cracking of chalk exposed in cliffs and on shore platforms in the vacinity of Brighton was


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observed during severe weather in January 1985. Quadrat analysis of the shore platforms is used to show a progressive


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downshore decline in the frequency of spalling. Laboratory simulations of tidal cycles support the field evidence that


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chalk exposed in the upper reaches of the platforms  would have been subjected to destructive freeze-thaw action,


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Vol.26: Brief summary of construction of successive breakwaters at western entrance of Ouse at Newhaven, 1731-


refAbstractLine:
1890. The eastern training wall was moved eastwards in 1890s to give a 50-60m wide mouth. One effect of breakwater,


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between 1890s and 1930 was to create a reverse (East to west) longshore drift on Seaford beach. Normal direction


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had been re-established by 1939, when large timber groyne set built.


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rest of the paper mostly on social history of Seaford, but there are some details of now former mouth of Ouse extended


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to Seaford Head and its course can be discerned today. Free- standing barrier beach between shoreline and


refAbstractLine:
abandoned river channel in late C18th and up to mid C19th. This was breached in 1834 storm but later concealed by


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A re-interpretation of previous accounts of the establishment of the present exit of the Ouse at Newhaven based in part


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on (I) new documentary evidence and (ii) reinterpretation of map evidence. It has been proposed that the shingle spit


refAbstractLine:
confining the deflected Ouse (debouching at Seaford) was breached by a storm in the 1560s or 1570s, and this was


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used as a new exit "cut" at Newhaven, was established by 1539. This was in response to progressive deterioration of


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the drainage of the Ouse levels throughout preceding century. By 1587, shingle spit growth eastwards had partially


refAbstractLine:
blocked Newhaven exit and the river appears to have broken through between 1676 and 1678 at the Tide Mills site.


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The Newhaven exit was in use again by 1731, but again partially obstructed by shingle spit extension by 1766. Present


refAbstractLine:
exit was made permanent in 1791, when first breakwater was built.


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Where the Upper Chalk reaches the coast in East Sussex it gives rise to high cliffs and wide shore platforms. Limpets


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(Patella vulgata) living on the platforms contribute significantly to platform downwearing by ingesting chalk as they


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graze and by excavating hollows (homescars) to which they return after feeding. A series of experiments has been


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carried out to try to estimate rates of limpet erosion. Analyses of the calcium carbonate content of the faeces of captive


refAbstractLine:
limpets suggest that adult limpets consume about 4.9g of chalk per year. On the platforms as a whole limpets are


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probably responsible for an average of about 0.15mm of surface lowering a year, but in areas of high population density


refAbstractLine:
the rate may be as high as 0.49mm a year. The overall mean rate of platform lowering caused by all processes of


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weathering and erosion is estimated to be about 2.3mm a year across the entire intertidal zone, but where limpets are


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present in significant numbers the rate may be around 1.3mm a year. The implication is that limpets are responsible for


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an average of about 12 per cent of the downwearing in the areas they frequent, and in areas of maximal population


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density may cause 35% or more of the downwearing in their vicinity. Subsidiary experiments are described that assess


refAbstractLine:
the limitations of the faecal method of estimating limpet erosion.


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The coastline that is the responsibility of Lewes District Council is one of the high chalk cliffs and a shore platform with


refAbstractLine:
a history of erosion / retreat since earliest reliable records were collated in the late C18th. The current policy approach


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of the authority is to take a 50 year strategic view based on mapping of erosion contours (back to 1783) and detailed


refAbstractLine:
assessment of current protection measure. The main problems are likely to occur where cliff top recession potentially


refAbstractLine:
threatens properties and infrastructure; the authority must therefore adopt criteria and definitions of hazard over this


refAbstractLine:
projected 50 year timescale. Details of recently completed cliff-trimming and seawall / promenade construction are


refAbstractLine:
given, together with proposals for a future, graduated programme. The latter is a reproduction of a report to one of the


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A detailed evaluation of the hyfrodynamic and geomorphological rates, and landscape impact of a proposed rock


refAbstractLine:
revetment at the base of the eroding cliffs at Birling Gap. Issues discussed include the composition of the Coombe


refAbstractLine:
Rock infilling the truncated dry valley; historical and contemporary rates of cliff retreat; sub-aerial and marine processes


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protected and unprotected chalk cliffs to east and west; longshore transport and local (cliff) supply of beach sediments -


refAbstractLine:
and beach behaviour over the past 100 years. The latter indicates slow, but progressive narrowing and steepening;


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thus a negative sediment budget is apparent. Several alternatives to a revetment are examined, scoping their merits


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and disadvantages in the context of local geomorphological / hydraulic conditions.


refAbstractLine:
format, with a GIS (Map Infor) link. Information on the location of original copy is provided to users, who have the


refAbstractLine:
opportunity to directly add to the database records.


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A brief critical review of the analysis and conclusions of the reparation Slapton shingle barrier by Pethick (Jan 2001). It


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confirms Pethicks observations on Slapton Sands in the context of its behaviour as a landwards-translating barrier


refAbstractLine:
structure. The effects of the January 2001 storm (5m of crest cut back) are consistent with this - the morphodynamics of


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coarse clastic, swash aligned barrier structures are summarised with reference to other examples on the British coast.


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There are several negative effects of rock armouring, which was undertaken as an emergency response because of


refAbstractLine:
erosion of the A379. These include the impacts of delayed reaction to inevitable continuing retreat and "roll over"


refAbstractLine:
particularly on adjacent sectors of this beach structure. The site of armouring may eventually become a "hinge point"


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splitting the barrier into at least two discrete transport / morphogenetic sub-cells.


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A summary of the history of sea defence construction at Seaford since the late 1880s and the progressive loss of


refAbstractLine:
shingle beach levels and volumes up to the early 1980s. Numerical and physical modelling by Hydraulics Research,


refAbstractLine:
conducted in the early 1980s, concluded that beach renourishment was the only feasible option to restore the situation.


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This study examines the performance of this beach between Jan. 1988 and Sept 1989 using sediment sampling and


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An investigation into (I) the previously hypothesised off to onshore movement of shingle "banks" in Seaford Bay,


refAbstractLine:
possibly introduced from the English Channel to the south-west which may be mobile under storm wave conditions.


refAbstractLine:
Work carried out concluded that water depths were too great to support this process; the progressive depletion of


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Seaford Beach throughout the previous 60 years also provided no evidence in its favour. However, shingle is removed


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seawards from the existing  beach, under high steep waves. There is no direct evidence for any shingle supply via


refAbstractLine:
by-passing of the Newhaven western breakwater, but this cannot be discounted, (ii) flourescent tracing of beach


refAbstractLine:
sediments demonstrated periodic longshore drift reversal (i.e. east to west).


refAbstractLine:
Aerial photography of 2,600 cross-beach (inter-tidal) profiles for 440km of coastline tied to established coastal points.


refAbstractLine:
Analysis involves changes in beach elevation and volume gains and losses between successive surveys (or any


refAbstractLine:
specified annual dates). Some unreliability for earlier years, at specific locations due to changes in control points /


refAbstractLine:
benchmarks. Available as hard copy (profile) and electronically (volume changes).


refAbstractLine:
A bibliographic style database providing full reference information on published and unpublished reports; scientific


refAbstractLine:
papers; books and other sources relevant to the habitats and biology of the Dorset marine environment. In MS ACCESS


refAbstractLine:
visual observations. It has performed according to expectations though wave conditions during the two winters


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following completion of the scheme 9in 1987) have not been typical. Longshore transport has been predominately


refAbstractLine:
eastwards at a rate of approximately 17,000m3 a-1. Several recommendations for future monitoring are given, including


refAbstractLine:
a dedicated study of the wave climate of Seaford Bay.


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Existing literature is combined with sediment transport and hydrodynamic modelling to determine the principal sources,


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stores and throughputs of sediment, together with pathways of movement of shingle (gravel) and sand. Sediment


refAbstractLine:
transport volumes and rates are derived from application of numerical models and analysis of ABMS photogrammetry for


refAbstractLine:
selected beach profiles. Contemporary sediment transport and storage must be understood in the context of Holocene


refAbstractLine:
coastal evolution, in particular the off to onshore transport of gravel barrier beaches and apparent non-periodic "pulses"


refAbstractLine:
of movement. Quaternary relict sediment stores may now be virtually exhausted. Beach management, especially via


refAbstractLine:
groyne systems is the most important control of rates of transport. Beachy Head is currently a major impediment to


refAbstractLine:
longshore transport of gravel, but cliff erosion may yield approximately 5000m3 a-1. However significant quantities of


refAbstractLine:
sand are moved offshore from this headland. Probably by a combination of tidal currents and wave action.


refAbstractLine:
Beach levels between the Brighton / Hove boundary and Palace Pier were recorded for 17 sections, 13-16 October


refAbstractLine:
1967. These were compared with levels for the same sections taken on Sept 1954 and (partially) April 1955. At the


refAbstractLine:
west end, comparison indicated stability over this period; but at the eastern end, net drawdown is evident, particularly


refAbstractLine:
downdrift of the most substantial groynes. Earlier construction work at Shoreham Harbour (1954) had provided for


refAbstractLine:
400,000m3 of deposition of shingle and sand on East Beach (some from dredging the entrance channel). Between


refAbstractLine:
1955 and 1962, the Shoreham Port authorities routinely removed the surplus shingle from  West Beach and deposited it


refAbstractLine:
on East Beach. The amount of shingle by-passing the harbour entrance, in addition to that deliberately recycled,


refAbstractLine:
appears to have been substantially greater than retained by beaches eastwards to central Brighton frontage.


refAbstractLine:
Drawdown therefore reflects groyning and the probable coincidence of several storm events immediately preceding the 1967 survey.


refAbstractLine:
This report examines the feasibility of a number of sea defences schemes, their probable costs and their likely effects


refAbstractLine:
on the environment, for the eastern side of the entrance to Shoreham Harbour. In the initial stages, data were collected


refAbstractLine:
from SPA and outside sources and included the commissioning of topographic and hydrographic surveys, current


refAbstractLine:
metering and soil sampling. Tidal data were also examined and an appraisal made of the likely extreme tidal levels which


refAbstractLine:
might occur at the port. Much of this information formed the basis of the mathematical modelling, which included the


refAbstractLine:
derivation of the offshore wave climate and its transfer to the inshore zone, the extrapolation of extreme wave heights


refAbstractLine:
by statistical analysis: the study of the effect of several schemes on wave refraction and propagation and the beach


refAbstractLine:
response to wave action over a period of time.


refAbstractLine:
Chapter 4 outlines the selection of the design criteria and discusses each option, along with an assessment of their likely


refAbstractLine:
environmental impact. The last part of the Chapter is devoted to the tabulation of the capital costs and a discussion of


refAbstractLine:
A review of the hydraulic regime at the mouth of Shoreham Harbour and the morphodynamic character of the beaches


refAbstractLine:
to the immediate east and west. Options for future beach management are modelled and their relative merits evaluated,


refAbstractLine:
in the context of a locally adapted Beach Plan shape model. Preliminary designs, costs and environmental impacts are


refAbstractLine:
presented and recommendations made. This also extends to subsequent maintenance and monitoring (Appendix 4 is a


refAbstractLine:
specifically commissioned wave refraction study).


refAbstractLine:
A scoping style review of the principal geomorphological forms and processes; characteristic wave climate and tidal


refAbstractLine:
regime; Holocene and late pleistocene coastline evolution; sediment transport pathways; coastal defence history and


refAbstractLine:
present shoreline management; major coastal habitats; coastal zone planning policies. This is a preliminary to a


refAbstractLine:
Description of the physical characteristics and natural and socio-economic environments preface a detailed review of


refAbstractLine:
current defences. A strategic review of options for future shoreline management is set out in detail with concluding


refAbstractLine:
recommendations for adoption based on cost : benefit, environmental impact and physical criteria. Appendix 2 (48pp)


refAbstractLine:
provides a detailed scoping of the main features of beach, nearshore and offshore geomorphology; tidal regime; wave


refAbstractLine:
climate; extreme water levels and sediment budget. Influences on future evolution (over 50 years) deriving from


refAbstractLine:
changes of wave climate, sea-level rise and the performance of beach control structures. The report concludes with an


refAbstractLine:
account of ISIS modelling of the tidally influences channel of the River Adur.


refAbstractLine:
An assessment of the condition of existing defence structures, principally the seawall and groyne sets. Their recent


refAbstractLine:
performance in trapping beach sediment is qualitatively evaluated. Recommendations on improvements (together with


refAbstractLine:
(There is also a 1986 Supplementary Report)


refAbstractLine:
pp. 40-41 gives site details and an environmental history of the last interglacial raised beach site at Black Rock and


refAbstractLine:
adjacent sites, Brighton to Rottingdean.


refAbstractLine:
Chapter 9 includes a review of the composition and chronology of deposition of the Quaternary deposits of the region.


refAbstractLine:
The Raised Beach sediments, best exposed at Black Rock at +8.0m O.D. are the product of higher sea level(s) during


refAbstractLine:
the last full interglacial (Oxygen Isotope Stage 7). These are everywhere overlain by Devensian and Holocene


refAbstractLine:
solifluction materials; brickearth and river alluvium deposited by the Adur. Borehole evidence indicates that beach


refAbstractLine:
gravels overlie alluvium in the vicinity of the A259 east of Shoreham and Southwick. Historical data also indicates


refAbstractLine:
beach transgression in recent centuries. Much of the supply of contemporary beaches derives from the mobilisation of


refAbstractLine:
coarse clastic sediments removed from offshore Coombe Rock and Raised Beach material. These extend some


refAbstractLine:
distance seaward, having been mobilised by 'rapid' (pre-protection) coastal recession. Most of the supply may come from


refAbstractLine:
the west via longshore drift. This assumes long-term by-passing of shingle and sand at the mouth of the Adur. A short


refAbstractLine:
summary of changes in the position of the latter is given.


refAbstractLine:
Chapter on 'Superficial Deposits' provides a contemporary account of the Black Rock last interglacial concealed


refAbstractLine:
cliffline, basal raised beach deposits and overlying "Coombe Rock". Well records and boreholes also enable


refAbstractLine:
re-construction of raised beach and latter drift deposit thickness west to Portslade and Shoreham. There is a brief


refAbstractLine:
account of changes in the mouth of the Adur, at Shoreham, between the C16th and the completion of the first


refAbstractLine:
A description of the technicalities of the renourishment of Seaford beach, 1987. 1,500,000m3 of shingle, obtained by


refAbstractLine:
dredger from the Owers Bank, was pumped ashore by trailing-suction hopper. Losses of sediment volume of 25-30%


refAbstractLine:
occurred, due to immediate run off from the beach (mostly fines); wave erosion of the foreshore slope and littoral drift,


refAbstractLine:
during emplacement. The final beach was profiles to a 1:7 slope, with a 25m wide crest at 6.5m O.D.


refAbstractLine:
This report describes the model study carried out to examine the hydraulic aspects of a proposed reclamation and


refAbstractLine:
seawall construction at the Port of Shoreham. The study used a physical model in a random wave flume to determine


refAbstractLine:
overtopping rates, armour stability and the reflection characteristics of the proposed Seabee armoured structure. Also


refAbstractLine:
the performance of a re-nourished shingle beach placed in front of the proposed wall was investigated.


refAbstractLine:
A pressure sensing wave recorded was deployed off Shoreham harbour in early 1986. The instrument collected digitized


refAbstractLine:
wave parameters (periods up to 30 seconds), and also the long wave component (periods from 30 seconds to 3


refAbstractLine:
minutes). These results were used to establish a correlation between long period disturbances and storm waves. The


refAbstractLine:
storm wave conditions occurring during extreme events were calculated from analysis of more extensive data sets


refAbstractLine:
collected during earlier studies. This then allowed the long period wave climate associated with extreme events to be


refAbstractLine:
Chalk and 9overlying) Coombe Rock Cliffs at Birling Gap were routinely surveyed between 1950 and 1962. The size


refAbstractLine:
and frequency of cliff-top retreat shows great spatial and temporal variation, but of 3624m2 lost during the above


refAbstractLine:
period, 3160 m2 occurred during winter months. In fact, 42% of this total was removed in just two consecutive winters.


refAbstractLine:
The reasons for this are not fully apparent, although it clearly involved specific combinations of frost weathering,


refAbstractLine:
A description and partial interpretation of the sequence of drift sediments occurring in the immediate vicinity of Brighton,


refAbstractLine:
together with comments on coastline change. The original Old town may have developed around a small estuary, into


refAbstractLine:
which discharged a small stream. The Old town was progressively lost to coastal erosion between the thirteenth and


refAbstractLine:
eighteenth centuries - some documentary evidence is quored in support. Groyning of the beach is known from at least


refAbstractLine:
as early as the mid C18th, and may have created the foundations of the present beach. By comparison to the north-east


refAbstractLine:
Isle of Wight (Bembridge-Ryde) processes of inlet sedimentation and off to onshore gravel movement are indirectly


refAbstractLine:
A detailed account of the technical and other management aspects of coastal defence provision between Telscombe


refAbstractLine:
and Peacehaven, 1977-1980. This involved sea wall / promenade construction; chalk cliff face stabilisation (through


refAbstractLine:
battering) and concrete blocked groynes. This scheme had been prefaced by a 50 year strategic policy for the physical


refAbstractLine:
management of this coastline. This involved a detailed analysis of spatial variability of erosion rates of both unprotected


refAbstractLine:
and protected cliff faces; and a range of socio-economic measures to determine the variability of protected measures.


refAbstractLine:
In response to recent falls and topples from the protected and previously remodelled cliff faces in front of Peacehaven,


refAbstractLine:
a series of recommendations of remedial action are put forward. These are derived from detailed analysis of the lithology


refAbstractLine:
and structural features of the chalk at this location; description and classification of individual slope failure events; and


refAbstractLine:
a survey of the condition of defences and cliff face management (Peacehaven - Baston Steps; Baston Steps;


refAbstractLine:
In 1987, Shoreham Port Authority took over responsibility (from the former CEGB) for the management downdrift of the


refAbstractLine:
harbour entrance breakwaters. At that time, these beaches were protected by defences in poor condition and had low


refAbstractLine:
volumes of shingle. In 1990, the authority commenced a strategy of (I) replacement of wooden by rock groynes; (ii)


refAbstractLine:
infilling of groyne bays with dredged shingle; (iii) annual removal of shingle surplus from the beach immediately updrift


refAbstractLine:
of the harbour entrance and its placement on beaches downdrift. The mechanics of this process is described, which


refAbstractLine:
has involved an average of 8,550m3 a-1, 1993-2000. Beach monitoring indicates that removal from West beach has


refAbstractLine:
had no impact on total beach volume - in fact a slight net accretion 1988-2000 has been recorded. The beaches to


refAbstractLine:
3km downdrift of the harbour entrance have shown substantial increase, 1988-1993 but a small net reduction


refAbstractLine:
1993-2000. Immediately adjacent to the eastern breakwater, the same general trends are apparent. The by-passing


refAbstractLine:
scheme has been successful, but careful monitoring is needed.


refAbstractLine:
A report of precisely-levelled boundaries of the Ipswichian Raised Beach over an east to west distance of some 600m.


refAbstractLine:
The base varies between 24.5 and 29.5 feet, O.D. Mean Tide level (Liverpool Datum), rising eastwards. There is a brief


refAbstractLine:
description of some characteristic sediment properties of the raised beach at six survey profile points. Fallen chalk


refAbstractLine:
blocks, derived from cliff falls, increase in their relative proportion to coarse clastic and sand sediments as the burries cliff


refAbstractLine:
approach the modern cliffline. The full fossil cliff is seen  in profile at the eastern end of this exposure.


refAbstractLine:
Several case studies on the East Sussex and Kent costs of approaches to coastal defence are discussed. Each is


refAbstractLine:
reviewed historically to illustrate defence development and changes in philosophy and practice adopted in recent years.


refAbstractLine:
One example examined is Seaford Beach, where comprehensive beach recharge and profile design has replaced the


refAbstractLine:
previous history of seawall and groyne strengthening and extension. Seaford beach has long experienced a budget


refAbstractLine:
deficit because of the lack of feed by longshore transport from the west, due to the western breakwater protecting


refAbstractLine:
Newhaven harbour entrance. It has also modified the local wave climate in Seaford Bay, as net drift is east to west; it


refAbstractLine:
was consistent with the regional norm, I.e. west to east, before the construction of the breakwater between 1880 and


refAbstractLine:
Cracking and spallin of chalk shore platform surfaces, between Brighton and Beachy head, were observed and


refAbstractLine:
measured during exceptionally cold weather in January 1985 and February 1986. This weathering effect was mostly


refAbstractLine:
confined to upper platform surfaces and superficial boulders. Under the climatic conditions of the two months in


refAbstractLine:
question internal roc temperatures below -4.5 degrees C were attained several hours after platform exposure. Laboratory


refAbstractLine:
simulation indicated that destructive freezing commences once temperatures below the above threshold figure are


refAbstractLine:
reached. Although the rate and volume of weathering loss due to freeze-thaw action was that, cumulatively over many


refAbstractLine:
decades, it represents a significant process removing pre-existing micro-scale surface irregularities and helping to wear


refAbstractLine:
A detailed account of the engineering design, materials and construction stages of (I) enlargement of the entrance


refAbstractLine:
channel, (ii) provision of lay-by berths in the tidal position of the harbour; (iii) new lock additional berths and turning


refAbstractLine:
basin in the non-tidal canalised section of the eastern harbour area. The objective was to allow improved access and


refAbstractLine:
provide better operational efficiencies for an additional power station adjacent to the eastern docks. Work was carried


refAbstractLine:
out in 1954-1957 and involved widening and deepening the entrance channel; reconstructing the breakwaters defining


refAbstractLine:
and protecting this channel and building locks and berths. Details of substrate materials accommodating foundations


refAbstractLine:
are given. Over 1 million m3 of material was dredged from the channel and harbour berths; some was used for site


refAbstractLine:
backfilling and land claim, and some was dumped at sea, close to maximum low water mark (specific location of


refAbstractLine:
A comprehensive review of the sediment budget of the entrance and approach channels to Shoreham Port; the


refAbstractLine:
adjacent beaches either side of the breakwaters and the harbour basin. This is based on a collation of existing data


refAbstractLine:
sources (mostly unpublished) and the acquisition of additional primary and modelled data on quantities of sediment


refAbstractLine:
transport and channel / harbour siltation. The terms of reference of this study is the "examination of the feasibility of


refAbstractLine:
improving the depth and extending the length of the existing entrance channel". The study concludes with observations


refAbstractLine:
A detailed provision of preferred policies for coastal defence (set in a strategic framework) extending over the next 50


refAbstractLine:
years. This 4.4km length of shoreline is divided into four discrete lengths, based on criteria of defence type, condition


refAbstractLine:
and operational responsibility. Options for each are set out and are subject to comparative evaluation. It is concluded


refAbstractLine:
that a policy of "Hold the line" is appropriate for all parts of this shoreline, based on benefit / cost calculations.


refAbstractLine:
Appendix F provides a summary overview of the principal physical processes, including a brief analysis of trends and


refAbstractLine:
Sea Containers ports is proposing 3 new berths at East Quay at the mouth of the Ouse, to accommodate larger ferry and


refAbstractLine:
cargo vessels. This study examines historical land use change in the vacinity of the proposed works, placed in the


refAbstractLine:
context of harbour development since the late C19th and ancillary railway facilities. The review of coastal processes


refAbstractLine:
considers, in outline, the wave climate at the harbour entrance; sediment delivery by the Ouse; longshore sediment


refAbstractLine:
transport and its impedance by harbour breakwaters; beach behaviour to the east of the eastern breakwater and


refAbstractLine:
predicted sea-level rise / extreme water level probabilities. Current strategic defence options in the current SMP are


refAbstractLine:
summarised; landscape and "land quality" potential impacts of the proposed development are briefly considered, with


refAbstractLine:
more detailed coverage of existing ground conditions at and close to sites identified for development.


refAbstractLine:
The foreshore between Boat House Café and the ferry terminal has not receded between 1964 and 1994, although


refAbstractLine:
exposed to channel dredging and ferry "downwash". The East Shore foreshore is stable in summer, but is subject to


refAbstractLine:
sediment mobility in winter. Wind-wave scour is the main mechanism for beach erosion in front of the Boat House Café,


refAbstractLine:
but ferry waves may contribute to local sediment losses at the end of the slipway. East shore erosion should be


refAbstractLine:
viewed in the context of foreshore narrowing and steepening taking place between Castle Point and West Ryde. Any


refAbstractLine:
remedial measures involving beach recharge should have full regard to the potential for movement under wind waves.


refAbstractLine:
Hydrographic survey reveals that the channel has been eroded from a nominal dredged depth of 3m in 1983, to 5m in


refAbstractLine:
several places. The speed of ferries currently operating is 8 knots (No. 5 dolphin) and 9.5 knots (no.3 dolphin).


refAbstractLine:
Erosion appears to be due to propeller downwash when departing the berth; and in the approach channel due to the


refAbstractLine:
same factor in combination with forward speed. Since 1983, ferry sailing's have increased almost 50% (now 12,000 p.a.)


refAbstractLine:
with ferries having twice the horsepower compared to previous vessels.


refAbstractLine:
A five year for the monitoring and measurement of existing beaches following several earlier reports that recommended


refAbstractLine:
design parameters. There were based on the detail survey of beach shape and volume; past behaviour and modelling


refAbstractLine:
of predicted response to wave climate. Design parameters for Marina, Ovingdean, Rottingdean and Slatdean beaches


refAbstractLine:
are given in terms of crest level; crest width; slope and maximum (design) rotation. For each, resultant groyne layout is


refAbstractLine:
set out with the objective of maximising conservation of form. Management practice up to April 1996 is summarised and


refAbstractLine:
procedures for the next five years are set out. This includes routine visual inspection, topographic survey, analysis of


refAbstractLine:
EA ABMS aerial photography and direct beach volume analysis. "Trigger" criteria are stated for each beach i.e.


refAbstractLine:
exceedance of design considerations - together with recommended remedial measures, ranked by priority.


refAbstractLine:
An assessment of hazard risk from cliff failure based on a review of chalk stratigraphy and structure. Laboratory tests of


refAbstractLine:
dry density; porosity; shear strength and unconfined compressive strength. Field observations of potential mass


refAbstractLine:
movement events. Lithology and porosity relations for various units of the middle and upper chalk. Theoretical


refAbstractLine:
mechanisms of cliff failure with local exemplification. Historical rates of cliff recession, and the impact of coastal defence


refAbstractLine:
works. The concluding section presents a model for cliff failure in East Sussex.


refAbstractLine:
A discussion of Jennings and Smyth (1990, abstracted) in which the author prefers a model of episodic shingle (gravel)


refAbstractLine:
movement by longshore transport to explain the creation of accretion structures east of Beachy Head. Gravel provided


refAbstractLine:
by erosion of the West Sussex coastline, as Holocene sea-level rose and created several kms of retreat of gavel rich


refAbstractLine:
pleistocene deposits may be a sufficient source. Furthermore periods of exceptionally high incidence of storms such as


refAbstractLine:
the C12-14th may have allowed by-passing of headlands, especially Beachy Head. This argument presumes continuing


refAbstractLine:
of longshore transport from west to east, within a "master" cell extending from Selsey Bill to Dungeness. Doubt is


refAbstractLine:
expressed over the availability of offshore gravel supplies, which are likely to have been exhausted by approx 2000 y


refAbstractLine:
B.P.. In reply, Jennings and Smyth argue: (I) Offshore gravel reservoirs continue to exist off both the East and West


refAbstractLine:
Sussex coastlines; (ii) the rate of longshore transport by-passing of headlands would need to be substantially greater


refAbstractLine:
than that calculated by Nicolls; (iii) erosion not accretion has been a feature of pre-management beaches + the


refAbstractLine:
crumbles over the past 3 centuries; (iV) during mid to late Holocene, regional longshore transport would have been


refAbstractLine:
compartmentalised into a sequence of nearly independent cells because of existence of wide and deep tidal inlets.


refAbstractLine:
A comprehensive assessment and evaluation of longer-term strategic shoreline management options for successive


refAbstractLine:
sectors, based on detailed review of the main attributes of the regional coastal process regime; environmental and


refAbstractLine:
socio-economic systems of the coastal zone. Each option is scoped in depth, leading to a set of recommended


refAbstractLine:
solutions to prevailing problems. A programme of implementation is put forward. Appendix 5 (E) is dedicated to


refAbstractLine:
Nearshore Coastal Processes. Beach and platform geomorphology; offshore/inshore wave climate; past and present


refAbstractLine:
A statement providing geotechnical, geohydrological geomorphological and other background in connection with a


refAbstractLine:
proposal to construct a wastewater treatment plant close to Rottingdean. This report, which takes the form of an expert


refAbstractLine:
proof of evidence by the consultants senior geologist covers site descriptions; local coastal protection policy; how and


refAbstractLine:
what measures would be incorporated into the proposed facility to eliminate any risks of accelerated erosion in the


refAbstractLine:
immediate vicinity and how longshore transport would be maintained up and down drift from the site. There is an


refAbstractLine:
assessment of recent cliff erosion rates by way of background.


refAbstractLine:
In July 2000, a Public Inquiry was held to consider two applications for coastal protection works at Birling Gap, East


refAbstractLine:
Sussex. The first application was an appeal and the second was called-in by the Secretary of State on account of the


refAbstractLine:
apparent contravention with the statutory local development plan, shoreline management plan and national planning


refAbstractLine:
policy guidance. The schemes proposed conflict with an array of national and local designations, aimed at protecting


refAbstractLine:
the conservation and scientific interests at the site. The case raises important issues regarding human rights and the


refAbstractLine:
management of private defences on coastlines designated for their outstanding natural beauty.


refAbstractLine:
Birling Gap is a palaeo-dry valley truncated at the coast by marine erosion. The valley is situated between high chalk


refAbstractLine:
cliffs on either side that form part of the 'Seven Sisters', a nationally and internationally recognised coastal landform.


refAbstractLine:
examination of the structure and volume; and origin and development of present gravel barrier beaches east of Beachy


refAbstractLine:
Head indicates that much of their sediment composition is Pleistocene. During the Holocene, variations in the regional


refAbstractLine:
littoral drift system and other changes in geomorphological processes, have exerted a major control on shoreline


refAbstractLine:
evolution. This relates especially to periodic "switches" between supply from the Holocene erosion of the West and East


refAbstractLine:
Sussex coastlines west of Beachy Head would not be sufficient to build the barrier structures east of the headland.


refAbstractLine:
An account of the performance and results of physical model studies carried out to investigate proposals for the partial


refAbstractLine:
reconstruction of the existing sea wall between Brighton Marina and Saltdean park. The tests gave comparative data


refAbstractLine:
for the existing situation and four alternative proposals; these all incorporated a new crest section with wave return wall


refAbstractLine:
and variously configured toe aprons. Wave overtopping, reflection and near-bed orbital velocities for a range of wave


refAbstractLine:
and water level conditions were determined for each design. The most effective solutions are set out, but no specific


refAbstractLine:
Calculation, via calibrated numerical modelling of the offshore and nearshore wave climates at the entrance and


refAbstractLine:
approach channel to Shoreham Harbour. This, together with measurements of tidal current vectors and velocities and


refAbstractLine:
sampling of the physical characteristics of seabed sediments, is used to calculate potential rates of sedimentation in the


refAbstractLine:
The paper focuses on the scientific importance of the site with regard to the potential impacts that either scheme would


refAbstractLine:
have on the geology and geomorphology at the site and on the adjacent coastline. An overview of coastal processes is


refAbstractLine:
supported by an assessment of historical coastal change at Birling Gap to evaluate the potential direct and indirect


refAbstractLine:
impacts that the proposed works would have on the geomorphological interests at the site addressed.


refAbstractLine:
Changes in cliffed chalk coastlines are related to variations in the nature of the chalk itself, but many specific cliff


refAbstractLine:
systems show only minimal rates of retreat of the cliff-top edge because of the effects o rock falls and slide on the


refAbstractLine:
lower cliff components. Most morphological change occurs during winter, with both large but infrequent falls and small


refAbstractLine:
scale debris detachment, contributing to basal beaches. The results of monitoring changes in volume and composition


refAbstractLine:
of fall debris and on beaches, on the East Sussex and the Dorset coasts are reported.


refAbstractLine:
The East Sussex coastline has functioned as a sediment sink during the Holocene. Variations in the type and quantity


refAbstractLine:
of sediment supplied to and transported within the coastal system may have been the principal factor determining


refAbstractLine:
stratigraphic sequences preserved in (truncated / submerged) valley infills and gravel accumulations. Variation in supply


refAbstractLine:
of gravel have found morphological expression in the periodic progradation and retrogradation of coastal barriers. An


refAbstractLine:
proposed lengthened approach channel. The above modelling approach and available empirical data is also used to


refAbstractLine:
calculate potential mean rates of neashore (sand) and intertidal (beach drift) longshore transport volumes. A proportion


refAbstractLine:
of this material would be moved towards the harbour entrance by tidal currents and shoaling / refraction waves. Wave


refAbstractLine:
reflection / diffraction from existing and proposed training walls / breakwaters are also examined, but their specific


refAbstractLine:
contribution to gross sediment movement is not derived.


refAbstractLine:
An assessment from an engineering geological perspective, of the current stability of the cliffs. These have been


refAbstractLine:
subject to previous trimming as part of construction of the Undercliff promenade (1926-1932) and the Marina Cliff path


refAbstractLine:
(1971). Open joints are noted, where there is potential for future falls. Small scale cliff top weathering is also apparent.


refAbstractLine:
There are no imminent problems, but monitoring of selected critical locations is recommended.


refAbstractLine:
An account of ta thermal infra red linescan survey of the Sussex inter-tidal zone (Bognor to Eastbourne) undertaken in


refAbstractLine:
February 1972 at spring low tide. The main objective was to locate freshwater discharge from the adjacent chalk


refAbstractLine:
catchments. Groundwater maintains a constant temperature of 10.5 degrees C and is therefore warmer than seawater in


refAbstractLine:
winter (7 degrees C for the Sussex coast in February). Imagery revealed several distinct areas of discharge across the


refAbstractLine:
foreshore, notably at Hove; between the two main Brighton Piers; at Saltdean and immediately east of Cuckmere


refAbstractLine:
haven. The effects of wastewater and river discharge were taken into account and chemical analyses of groundwater


refAbstractLine:
seepages were carried out to confirm that they derived from the chalk. The pattern of discharge relates to topography


refAbstractLine:
(esp. valleys) and fissure patterns in the chalk. Large or several smaller concentrated fissures increase groundwater


refAbstractLine:
transmissivity. No discharge seawards of low water were detected, but factors such as sensing system resolution,


refAbstractLine:
diffusibility of freshwater in seawater above critical depths and inshore water turbulence are constraining factors.


refAbstractLine:
An account of the mechanism and reasons for the occurrence of a slip at a site 1 km east of Black Cliff Rock Brighton.


refAbstractLine:
The slip occurred halfway down a pathway constructed prior to the building of the Marina, in June 1971. The cliff face


refAbstractLine:
is in near-horizontal chalk with well-defined open joints, it is 30m in height and has a slope of 70 degrees. The slip


refAbstractLine:
involved approximately 700m3 of material and was located behind the cliff face at a probable junction of two or more


refAbstractLine:
major joints. It was  a classic shearing failure induced by the development of critical pore pressures following intensive


refAbstractLine:
rain fall! To the west of this site, falls in natural chalk cliffs affected by basal (toe) erosion are common, but are usually


refAbstractLine:
smaller (though more frequent at any one site) than slips / falls associated with basally protected cliffs, toe erosion is


refAbstractLine:
considered less important than internal shearing forces.


refAbstractLine:
Summary of an EA commissioned study of the physical, economic and environmental feasibility of relaxing current


refAbstractLine:
protection at the mouth of the river Cuckmere. This involves gravel recycling; groyne maintenance and river channel


refAbstractLine:
regulation. Several options have been investigated with the prime objectives of increasing the magnitude and


refAbstractLine:
frequency of tidal inundation of various extents of the existing flood plain in order to stimulate sedimentation and new


refAbstractLine:
habitat creation / expansion. An hydraulic model was used to estimate rates of sedimentation and ground elevation in


refAbstractLine:
context of predicted sea-level rise over 50 years. The nature and extent of habitat expansion was calculated for several


refAbstractLine:
scenarios combining specific tidal heights, water levels and river discharges (and calculated rates of sedimentation).


refAbstractLine:
A detailed historical narrative, base on original source material of the drainage at the lower Ouse floodplain;


refAbstractLine:
straightening to improve access to Newhaven harbour. The latter was effectively created in 1539 with a new cut


refAbstractLine:
(entrance channel) through the spit that extended to Seaford. Sedimentation at the mouth occurred subsequently due


refAbstractLine:
to the lack of protective training walls; reduced tidal prism because of the partial land claim in the Ouse estuarine basin


refAbstractLine:
thus reducing flood and ebb stream velocities; and increased river-derived sedimentation due to construction of channel


refAbstractLine:
sluices. A "pier" was constructed along the eastern side of the re-opened 1539 channel in 1664-1673 but a major bar


refAbstractLine:
had accumulated at the mouth by 1730. Harbour commissioners were created in 1731, with piers either side of channel


refAbstractLine:
constructed by 1735 and rebuilt 1791-1793. All the evidence suggests periodic difficulties with continuing eastwards


refAbstractLine:
growth of shingle spit up to the end of the C18th. However, several economic , social and political factors are independently responsible for the relatively slow growth of trade at Newhaven during the C17th and C18th.


refAbstractLine:
A synthesis of the evidence of middle and late Holocene sea-level change based on published research and recent


refAbstractLine:
archaeological work. This is used as a context for inferred relative sea-level change since circa 3,500 y B.P. for the


refAbstractLine:
Verbatim versions of 10 papers four of which are specific to the recently published study, headed by Halcrow Maritime


refAbstractLine:
on "SCOPAC: Preparing for the Impacts of Climate Change". These papers address the project objectives; approach to


refAbstractLine:
study hazard and risk assessments; study findings and management recommendations. Other papers are concerned with


refAbstractLine:
the prediction of and response to climate change in the context of coastlines regionally, nationally and internationally.


refAbstractLine:
A review of the construction and performance of defence structures at the proximal point of Dawlish Warren 1949-1990,


refAbstractLine:
is followed by detailed hydraulic and geotechnical evaluation of options. These involve several alternative rock


refAbstractLine:
revetment designs. The recommended option also incorporates a bullnose wave return wall. Numerical modelling of


refAbstractLine:
offshore and inshore wave heights and periods and wave refraction is used as the principal means of evaluating


refAbstractLine:
revetment performance. Probability analysis of water levels is also included.


refAbstractLine:
Luxuriant vegetation conceals much of the detailed morphology of the 9km length of undercliff, which is the product of


refAbstractLine:
landslipping since the late Pleistocene. Morphological mapping, using vertical aerial photography for base map creation,


refAbstractLine:
has revealed sufficient detail to help reassess explanation of the cause of failure. Geomorphological maps based on


refAbstractLine:
photogrammetry air photo interpretation and supplementary field survey ate presented and their merits are discussed.


refAbstractLine:
They are of particular value in areas of difficult and / or protected terrain, such as this.


refAbstractLine:
Classification and discussion of the morphology of polygenetic cliff profiles, their forms are a product of both regional


refAbstractLine:
and local factors. The former include climatic and sea-level changes during the Quaternary (though some larger cliffs


refAbstractLine:
on resistant bedrock may retain pre-Quaternary elements). Some specific types are the result of the repeated


refAbstractLine:
re-occupance of interglacial high sea-levels suggesting little effective retreat over long periods of time. The sequence


refAbstractLine:
of cliff profiles from south of Start point northwards to Strete Gate are used to illustrate progressive stages of


refAbstractLine:
development of slope geometry in response to differential marine and sub-marine influences.


refAbstractLine:
An historically-documented narrative of the loss of saltmarsh in the Exe Estuary, from over 2100 acres before the C16th


refAbstractLine:
to aprox. 50 acres at the moment. Much of this is now monospecific Spartina sward, derived in part from deliberate


refAbstractLine:
planting behind Dawlish Warren in the 1930's; and in part from natural invasion since the mid 1950s. Each major part of


refAbstractLine:
the estuary is examined, including the former Clyst estuary. Archival evidence is used to gain approximate dates of


refAbstractLine:
saltmarsh reclamation for grazing and salt manufacture. The construction of road and railway embankments also


refAbstractLine:
isolated former open marshes and mudflats. Aerial photography helps reconstruction of the previous extent of saltmarsh


refAbstractLine:
by revealing diagnostic creek patterns. Coil surveys help to confirm this interpretation.


refAbstractLine:
Historical interpretation of landscape change with particular reference to Saltmarsh. Eight distinct periods are identified,


refAbstractLine:
including the post-Norman growth of the confining shingle bar: saltmarsh reclamation and modern pressures.


refAbstractLine:
Documentary sources supporting landscape and land-use history are quoted and interpreted in detail.


refAbstractLine:
Seven alternative schemes for improved sea defences at Beesands are outlined. Each is evaluated for technical,


refAbstractLine:
environmental impact and economic benefits. A detailed history of sea defence works carried out since 1978/79 is


refAbstractLine:
given, indicating slow but progressive reduction in the standard of defence since then. The wave climate is summarised


refAbstractLine:
(based on previously published data). A reconstruction revetment an new wave return wall constitute the preferred


refAbstractLine:
A review of the background factors promoting the need to upgrade the defences of Teignmouth beach. Storms over


refAbstractLine:
the past thirty years have led to overtopping of the sea wall on several occasions despite new forewall construction


refAbstractLine:
and the insertion of additional groynes. The beach is exposed to high energy waves from the north-east and south-east


refAbstractLine:
and is susceptible to major fluctuations in level and volume. In December 1989 a major 1 in 50 year surge event


refAbstractLine:
resulted in flooding of many low-lying properties.


refAbstractLine:
The morphological and topographic expression of 'head' (periglacial) sediments exposed in coastal cliff sections is


refAbstractLine:
described. Textual and fabric characteristics are quantitatively calibrated, systematic changes are revealed indicating


refAbstractLine:
changes imposed by downslope transport. An Upper Head can be distinguished from the Main Head. Index properties


refAbstractLine:
and inferred frost susceptibility curves enable possible processes to be considered. These deposits cannot yet be


refAbstractLine:
A variety of microtopographic forms developed on greenschist in the supratidal zone, near East Prawle, immediately


refAbstractLine:
west of Start Point, is described. Field measurements indicate bedrock surface lowering at a rate of up to 0.6mm a-1,


refAbstractLine:
by rock disintegration resulting from salt crystal growth in pore spaces (holoclasty). This is demonstrated to be a


refAbstractLine:
weathering - limited condition, as disintegration products are quickly removed by wind and/or overland flow to reveal


refAbstractLine:
fresh, unweathered rock surfaces. Some of the waste products reside in depressions or on ledges.


refAbstractLine:
system, using self-recording current meter and wave data. Analysis of the data set shows that (1) because the


refAbstractLine:
relationship between sediment transport rate and near-bed current velocity is non-linear, the direction of net sediment


refAbstractLine:
transport may differ significantly from, or oppose, that of the near-bed residual current velocity; (2) in response to rotatory


refAbstractLine:
tidal currents and increasing wave action, net transport rates may remain unchanged - hence, it is the directionally


refAbstractLine:
related mean transport rates ( rather than the net transport rate itself) which should be used to describe the mobility of


refAbstractLine:
seabed sediments (such an observation implies that the timescale on which the net sediment transport rate is


refAbstractLine:
meaningful is controlled by the time-scale on which changes in seabed morphology take place) and (3) under the


refAbstractLine:
influence of a combination of wave action and time-asymmetry of the tidal currents, changes in the direction of net


refAbstractLine:
transport rates may occur; implying that net transport during calm periods may reverse during storm periods.


refAbstractLine:
Large scale (1:12500 and 1:10000) OS maps and other map sources of the coastline adjacent to, and Pagham


refAbstractLine:
Harbour itself. Designed to provide some evidence of changes in HWM and LWM as well as beach and spit


refAbstractLine:
orientation, width, etc. predating E.A. annual beach monitoring (air photo) survey cover, 1973 onwards.


refAbstractLine:
Analysis of evidence of changes in beach levels and volumes for successive sectors of the West and East Sussex


refAbstractLine:
coastline, 1985-1997. Data is drawn from annual air photo cover commissioned as primary basis for BMAS (Beach


refAbstractLine:
Chapter 1 briefly considers the Holocene history of the harbour, mostly in terms of tentatively - reconstructed sea-level


refAbstractLine:
change and storm surge flooding during 11th - 13th centuries. Also refers to erosion and flooding of the Selsey


refAbstractLine:
The beaches towards the south-western end of the Sandbanks peninsula in Poole Bay have eroded at an increasing


refAbstractLine:
rate in recent years. Monitoring by Poole Borough Council (PBC) and analysis carried out for Poole Borough Coastal


refAbstractLine:
Strategy (PBCSS) identified that lowering beach levels and deepening of the nearshore East Looe Channel during this


refAbstractLine:
century had accelerated in recent years. On this relatively sheltered part of the Poole Bay coastline it became obvious


refAbstractLine:
that tidal currents were the most important mechanism in beach development.


refAbstractLine:
This paper describes the analytical tool used to examine the coastal processes at the site and the various options


refAbstractLine:
considered for tackling the tide-induced erosion. The feasibility study carried out at Wallingford not only examined these


refAbstractLine:
technical considerations but also considered the important environmental issues at this extremely popular and nationally


refAbstractLine:
The works at Sandbanks are to be implemented as a phased project beginning with construction of rock revetments


refAbstractLine:
and groynes. Monitoring of the impact of these works will determine the final design of subsequent phases. A phased


refAbstractLine:
approach is considered to be the best response to the immediate need to implement works to protect property, whilst in


refAbstractLine:
the long term satisfying a need for a sensitive and sustainable coast protection within the context of the Poole Borough


refAbstractLine:
The log spiral form of Poole Bay suggests that net littoral drift is eastwards, but the presence of Sandbanks Spit


refAbstractLine:
indicates possible transport divergence. Analysis of over 7,000 observations of beach volumes adjacent to groynes


refAbstractLine:
during 1994 together with reference to earlier data on inter-groyne beach compartments, revealed 62% indicating


refAbstractLine:
easterly drift; 23% westerly drift and 14% indeterminate. Drift patterns may be a function of sea wall and groyne layout,


refAbstractLine:
but the case for rapid reversals is strong. Good correlations with wind speed were found, but wave data was insufficient.


refAbstractLine:
There is no evidence of a longshore transport divide at Durly Chine, but some form of long-term (if constant) reversal


refAbstractLine:
must account for Sandbanks Spit. During 1994, drift reversals strat at the most exposed eastern end of Bournemouth


refAbstractLine:
beach and work progressively westwards. Re-reversals behave in the same way.


refAbstractLine:
Oblique continuos video of coastline between St. Catherines point (Isle of Wight) and Exmouth (Exe Estuary). Parts of


refAbstractLine:
the coverage focus on each and foreshore, rather than the backing cliffline. For most of the length of coastline between


refAbstractLine:
Chesilton and West Bay, views are of the Fleet and inner coastline; there are few views of Chesil beach. Commentary


refAbstractLine:
is occasional and concentrates on the potential impacts of oil pollution on both ecology and amenity. (Several


refAbstractLine:
comments on the geology and geomorphology are partly, or wholly inaccurate). Filmed from helicopter at c.700 feet.


refAbstractLine:
status of the sublittoral zone (low water to 6km. Offshore). Chapters on Physical Features; Site Information (mostly


refAbstractLine:
substrate types and human structures); Habitats and Communities; Human Uses and Influences; Management,


refAbstractLine:
Legislation and Conservation interests; proposals for further ecological survey work.


refAbstractLine:
A practical geomorphological field guide to several sectors of the south Devon coast providing a synopsis of coastline


refAbstractLine:
evolution and interpretation of salient landforms. The section on Start Bay emphasis the barrier beach of Slapton


refAbstractLine:
Sands and Slapton Ley lagoon examining their complementary relationship. Sediment composition of the barrier beach


refAbstractLine:
and sediment stratigraphy of the lagoon provide a framework for the Holocene history of this coastline. The history of


refAbstractLine:
South Hallsands is outlined focusing on the loss of the formerly protective beach as a consequence of offshore


refAbstractLine:
dredging of aggregate in the late C19th and the destruction of the village by subsequent storms. Exposure of Torcross


refAbstractLine:
to high wave energy and a brief history of damage and subsequent defence measures is also reviewed. The section on


refAbstractLine:
Dawlish Warren summarises the processes that have built the spit and its recent history of erosion and recession.


refAbstractLine:
Holocene and recent historical changes are summarised concluding that loss of sediment supply has been critical to


refAbstractLine:
This paper presents the results of an investigation into the Holocene depositional history of Southampton Water,


refAbstractLine:
southern England. A three phase history of estuary development is proposed, Between c.7500 and 5000 BP (8200 to


refAbstractLine:
5700 cal. A BP), mean sea-level rose rapidly from c. -9m to -4m OD. During this interval thin basal peats which


refAbstractLine:
developed in present outer estuary locations were inundated and the area of intertidal and subtidal environments within


refAbstractLine:
the estuary expanded. Relative sea-level (RSL) rise began to slow between 5000 and 3000 BP (5700 and 3200 cal.


refAbstractLine:
A BP) and a phase of saltmarsh and freshwater peat accumulation occurred. In this interval freshwater peat-forming


refAbstractLine:
communities extended outwards and seawards across former saltmarsh and mudflat environments and caused a


refAbstractLine:
reduction in the extent of the intertidal area within the estuary. During the late Holocene there was a switch to renewed


refAbstractLine:
minerogenic sedimentation as most of the freshwater coastal wetlands of Southampton Water were inundated. This


refAbstractLine:
triparite processes have controlled their macroscale evolution. RSL change and variations in sediment supply emerge as


refAbstractLine:
key controls during the first two phases of estuary development. The late Holocene demise of the estuary wetlands


refAbstractLine:
probably reflects a propensity for increased organogenic deposits due to reduced rates of long-term RSL and


refAbstractLine:
This paper reports the initial findings from a study of soil moisture within a series of three unlithified dune ridges at


refAbstractLine:
Studland, Dorset on the southern coast of England. The infiltration and movement of moisture was monitored at each


refAbstractLine:
dune crest, slack and mid position on windward and leeward flanks, using capacitance probe technology. The mean


refAbstractLine:
moisture level in the dunes (excluding the troughs) was close to 7% and ranged between 1 and 18%. The rapidity and


refAbstractLine:
sensitivity of response of the dune sands to wetting and draining decreased markedly with depth over a distance of 1.3m


refAbstractLine:
and the behaviour patterns fell into three clear zones: 0-45cm; 60-90cm 110-150cm. The uppermost was the most


refAbstractLine:
sensitive and experienced the greatest number of wetting and drying cycles. Differences in moisture regime also varied


refAbstractLine:
according to the density of vegetation cover and position over the dune. On well vegetated sands the moisture was


refAbstractLine:
concentrated in the upper levels of the dune, corresponding to the thin soil and the rhizosphere, and in unvegetated


refAbstractLine:
Spatially, crests are the driest positions and small but persistent differences in moisture along bedding planes. These


refAbstractLine:
observed patterns correspond well with existing knowledge of susceptibility to early diagenetic change within the


refAbstractLine:
In January 1994, the impact of coastal erosion and exceptionally high antecedent rainfall resulted in extensive renewed


refAbstractLine:
landslide activity on the 170m high cliffs in the Blankgang area of the Isle of Wight. The ground movements


refAbstractLine:
undermined several houses at the top of the cliff, two if which were destroyed along the with the loss of access roads


refAbstractLine:
and property. The impact of the event raised both national and international media interest. The initial emergency


refAbstractLine:
response to ensure public safety and security of the area was co-ordinated by South Wight Borough Council.


refAbstractLine:
Following the initial emergency response, the Council commissioned a geomorphological investigation carried out by


refAbstractLine:
Rendel Geotechnics to identify the extent, causes and potential for further landslide or slope movement. The study


refAbstractLine:
identified a range of options for managing the instability problems at Blackgang which included the installation of an


refAbstractLine:
The investigation highlighted the extreme rates of cliff-top recession (up to 5m per year) experienced at Blackgang and


refAbstractLine:
the increasing susceptibility of the coastal slopes to landslide activity resulting from unchecked marine erosion at the


refAbstractLine:
cliff-base and oversteepening of the coastal slopes, such that normal to moderate winter rainfall can be expected to


refAbstractLine:
cause further slope movements or landslip and the recession of the cliff-top inland. The land behind the cliff-top is


refAbstractLine:
largely developed including a major theme park, but in the absence of a financially and environmentally acceptable


refAbstractLine:
slope stabilisation and coast protection scheme, a policy of managed retreat of cliff-top development and land use is the


refAbstractLine:
only viable option, which is now being implemented.


refAbstractLine:
next 5 years to the defence element. This represents 8.2% of the total number of defences, and 8% (163.3km) of the


refAbstractLine:
South Devon; Cornish and Somerset coastline. Low concentrations (<5%) characterise most samples obtained from


refAbstractLine:
beaches along the open coast of east and south Devon. This probably relates to the diluting effect of large quantities


refAbstractLine:
of siliceous debris provided by terrigenous input and wave / tidal abrasion of the sea floor / coastal cliffs. Destruction of


refAbstractLine:
skeletal debris (derived from offshore areas) occurs rapidly as a result of storm waves.


refAbstractLine:
A summary of the development of cultural landscape of the coastline and the Sid valley hinterland, but prefaced by a


refAbstractLine:
brief account of the geology of the coastline between Sidmouth and Beer Head. It provides 'model' conditions for


refAbstractLine:
large-scale semi-rotational landslipping, usually involve single large events. The most recent was in 1790, creating the


refAbstractLine:
distinctive forms of Under Kooken Undercliff. Not all morphological variety is natural, as surface quarrying since


refAbstractLine:
medieval times has bequeathed a legacy of numerous pits and spoil dumps.


refAbstractLine:
Summaries and reviews of several areas of recent research on the physical and biological environment of the harbour.


refAbstractLine:
Relevant papers include; 1. Mead, C. Modelling Chichester Harbour (pp406), a summary of HR Wallingford's computer


refAbstractLine:
model of tidal processes in Chichester Harbour, and its recent applications; 2. Couchman, P. Thornham Point - A case


refAbstractLine:
study in Saltmarsh Creation )pp. 36-39) an account of the creation of a 16 acre managed retreat site in the north-west


refAbstractLine:
Cambridge Area 63% of Class 4 defences are new in this years survey.


refAbstractLine:
has dropped to 20% in this years survey.


refAbstractLine:
Large deposits of marine sand occur in estuaries of north Devon and Cornwall. Carbonate mineralogy and molluscan


refAbstractLine:
derivatives are given with total carbonate concentrations between 67 and 40%. The Teign and Exe estuaries contain


refAbstractLine:
sediments with much lower carbonate concentrations (9-14%). Values are low because of dilution of cliff debris derived


refAbstractLine:
from the New Red Sandstone. Strontium values are used to estimate the extent of carbonate lithoclast supply from


refAbstractLine:
Permo-Triassic substrate. The present sources of marine sand supply to the modern estuaries is mostly nearshore, with


refAbstractLine:
some supplemental input derived from shoreline (cliff) erosion. This can be moved progressively up-estuary.


refAbstractLine:
Description and analysis of total carbonate content of modern beach sands from various localities on the North and


refAbstractLine:
part of the harbour and 3. Fontana, D. An integrated Approach to the study of Environmental Change (pp 40-45), a


refAbstractLine:
review and commentary on GIS studies of the harbour undertaken in previous years and in progress. This relates to


refAbstractLine:
historical change of harbour area and recent vegetation changes.


refAbstractLine:
The main element of this report is a detailed description of the current condition of sea defences; background history of


refAbstractLine:
protection and probable causes of the failure of previous attempts at protection, for successive lengths of the coastal


refAbstractLine:
frontage between West Wittering and Littlehampton. This is prefaced by a brief summary of coastal geology; historical


refAbstractLine:
erosion and retreat (esp. the Selsey peninsula); general pathways of littoral sediment transport; description of beach


refAbstractLine:
characteristics and wave / tidal conditions.


refAbstractLine:
Brief factual statement of quantities, sources and particle size characteristics of post-1976 shingle recharges of


refAbstractLine:
Medmerry beach (Barrier). The effect of recharge has been to sustain the existing ridge orientation, although crest


refAbstractLine:
elevation and profile regrading has been undertaken on several occasions. Emergency recharge is necessary when


refAbstractLine:
high energy waves overtop the ridge and remove substantial quantities of beach sediments into the nearshore zone.


refAbstractLine:
Some of this is moved north-west by later littoral drift; some may find its way back to stores such as Kirk Arrow Spit (and


refAbstractLine:
may, therefore serve to resupply updrift beaches over an unknown timescale).


refAbstractLine:
Marked differences exist between long and short-term estimates of sea-level rise in southern England. Crucial to


refAbstractLine:
resolving these differences is the development of dating techniques capable of bridging the gap between the


refAbstractLine:
late-Holocene radiocarbon chronology and the more recent 210Pb and observational records of sediment accretion and


refAbstractLine:
sea-level change. In this paper we identify an increase in Pinus pollen in a sediment core collected from a saltmarsh in


refAbstractLine:
Poole Harbour, Dorset. This has been dated to ca. 1750 AD and reflects the historically documented spread of


refAbstractLine:
coniferous plantations across the region. This biostratigraphic age horizon, together with other pollen and radiocarbon


refAbstractLine:
data, is used to analyse long- and short-term rates of sediment accretion and sea-level change. A basal radiocarbon


refAbstractLine:
date indicates a rise in relative sea-level since 1510-1260 cal. Yr BC (3130+60 14C yr BP) of 1.99m, at a rate of


refAbstractLine:
approximately 0.59 mm a-1. Between ca. 1750 AD and ca. 1890 AD sediment accretion rates rose from 0.29mm a-1 to


refAbstractLine:
1.14mm a-1, perhaps reflecting an acceleration in relative sea-level rise. These rates increased further to 7.17mm a-1


refAbstractLine:
after ca. 1890 AD, following the development of Spartina anglica dominated saltmarsh in Poole Harbour. These data


refAbstractLine:
demonstrated that caution should be exercised when using sediment accretion rates from saltmarshes recently


refAbstractLine:
colonised by S. anglica as proxy data for sea-level rise.


refAbstractLine:
In a dry valley near Ventnor, Isle of Wight, thick subaerial slope deposits of Devensian Late-glacial age overlie the


refAbstractLine:
Chalk. The deposits are crude stratified chalk muds and rubble produced by frost-shattering, and moved downslope by


refAbstractLine:
the release of water from melting snow-fields and frozen ground. A laterally extensive humic horizon of a rendzina soil


refAbstractLine:
occurs within the sequence, clearly reflecting a period of relative slope stability. In places this horizon divides and its


refAbstractLine:
upper surface appears to have been disturbed, possibly by cryoturbation. Micromorphological and other analyses


refAbstractLine:
confirm the pedogenic origin of this humic horizon, but also demonstrate the occurrence of pedological features both


refAbstractLine:
above and below it. The humic horizon therefore is not a 'buried' soil in the strictest sense, but is part of a vertical


refAbstractLine:
sequence representing a single complex soil with transported, accretionary and welded components.


refAbstractLine:
Molluscan analyses reveal increase in faunal diversity throughout the profile. This succession is broadly similar to other


refAbstractLine:
Late-glacial sequences described from south-east England. Minute fragments of charcoal from the lower part of the


refAbstractLine:
humic horizon have yielded an AMS date of 11690+(minus)120 yr BP, demonstrating formation during the 'Allerod phase'


refAbstractLine:
of the Late-glacial interstadial. This humic horizon is correlated provisionally with the 'Pitsone Soil', even though existing


refAbstractLine:
dates from its type-site in Buckinghamshire are somewhat younger.


refAbstractLine:
Coastal management has developed rapidly over the past decade resulting in a wide range of plans, strategies and


refAbstractLine:
are also spatially variable. The Isle of Wight Council has been actively involved in the production of such plans


refAbstractLine:
forces and they vary a great deal in nature. They can be either sectorial or holistic, statutory or non-statutory and


refAbstractLine:
liaison groups. The production of management plans and the formation of groups are driven by a number of


refAbstractLine:
and participates in a number of local, regional, national and transitional organisations and initiatives. For


refAbstractLine:
example, strategies have been developed for both coastal defence and estuarine management to encourage close


refAbstractLine:
collaboration between all those involved in coastal issues. The aim of this paper is to explain how the process of


refAbstractLine:
integrated coastal zone management has evolved on the Isle of Wight over the past 15 years. It highlights the


refAbstractLine:
processes by which the plans and collaborative arrangements have developed on the Island and shows how


refAbstractLine:
present research is helping the Council in its task of managing its long and complex coastline. The future


refAbstractLine:
challenge is to translate these plans into action on the ground.


refAbstractLine:
Landsliding initiated during the Devensian within the Isle if Wight Undercliff has resulted in repeated damage


refAbstractLine:
to properties, roads and services in certain locations. The nature of such damage is dependant upon the


refAbstractLine:
geomorphological setting. Ground movements within the Undercliff have been recorded over the last 200 years.


refAbstractLine:
These movements have been episodic corresponding to periods of high antecedent rainfall, coastal erosion and


refAbstractLine:
human activity. In order to reduce further ground movement a Landslide Management Strategy (LMS) was


refAbstractLine:
introduced in 1991. Central to this strategy is the requirement to increase understanding of ground behaviour


refAbstractLine:
throughout the Undercliff. A large amount of information has already been acquired forming the basis for the


refAbstractLine:
LMS,  however, a full understanding of all mechanisms operating within the Undercliff has not yet been


refAbstractLine:
achieved. Knowledge already gained is continually enhanced though sub-surface investigations and the analysis


refAbstractLine:
The LMS also aimed to limit the impact of future movement through the adoption of appropriate planning and


refAbstractLine:
building controls - thus avoiding building in unsuitable areas and controlling the nature of development. Since


refAbstractLine:
implementing of the LMS the IOW Council  has adopted a procedure for handling planning applications within


refAbstractLine:
the Undercliff. This procedure ensures stability is taken into account at all stages of the planning process and


refAbstractLine:
requires a stability report to be submitted with each planning application. This has undoubtedly aided decision-


refAbstractLine:
making. The process does however require some refinement, which includes improving communication


refAbstractLine:
between technical officers, clarifying the level of stability report required and the stage at which this


refAbstractLine:
information is requested. Stability reports will continue to improve as information is disseminated, eventually


refAbstractLine:
Detailed evaluation of the range of possible strategic defence options for defined units of this frontage, based


refAbstractLine:
on scoping of coastal evolution, processes, existing defences, environmental and economic matters. Appendices


refAbstractLine:
give technical detail and include history of defences; geomorphological overview and review and policy


refAbstractLine:
options; strategic environmental assessment; economic appraisal for each operation unit; consultation; risk


refAbstractLine:
A constituent part of Wallaces' "Sea -level and Shoreline between Portsmouth and Pagham for the Past 2,500


refAbstractLine:
years" Part 2 Chapter 4. Contemporary submerged features of the seabed of Bracklesham Bay are used to


refAbstractLine:
reconstruct sea-level rise of some 10m since approximately 1800BC. A major barrier beach that pre-existed this


refAbstractLine:
submergence, and the lagoon it enclosed, are also reconstructed, including hypothesised lagoon islands. The


refAbstractLine:
geology of Church Rocks and their man-made features are described, with some speculation on the origin of the


refAbstractLine:
Alveolina Limestone of Hayling. Possible extension of old shoreline and lagoons of this age to Portsea Island


refAbstractLine:
A review of the spatial distribution of unconsolidated sediments and associated transport pathways in the


refAbstractLine:
eastern approaches of the Solent. OSCR data and mathematical modelling, together with extensive superficial


refAbstractLine:
sediment sampling, revealed the presence of a tidally-induced (headland associated) residual circulation eddy


refAbstractLine:
offshore Selsey Bill. Medmerry Bank (sand) is located below this eddy, probably the cause of the eddy. This


refAbstractLine:
feature and also Princessa shoal, are interpreted as zones of sediment transport convergence. Fine sand from the


refAbstractLine:
east Solent may be transported southwards offshore the east coast of the Isle of Wight, as well as exiting the


refAbstractLine:
Chichester Harbour is meso-tidal with a spring tidal range of 4.1m. The tidal curve retains a slight flood strand,


refAbstractLine:
typical of the Solent tidal curves. Thus the duration of food tide exceeds that of the ebb and in many parts of the


refAbstractLine:
Harbour the ebb currents are stronger than those of the flood. The prevailing winds are from the south-western


refAbstractLine:
sector  although the Isle of Wight affords some shelter and the area is dominated by winds 8m/s or less. The


refAbstractLine:
greatest wave heights are associated with southerly and south-easterly winds and previous work has estimated


refAbstractLine:
that significant wave heights of 4.2m can occur under Force 8 conditions. Additionally storm surges of up to


refAbstractLine:
1m can occur and are often correlated with wave action. The bathymetry offshore of Chichester Harbour is


refAbstractLine:
typically less than 10m and is characterised by large numbers of sandbanks. Most of the coast between Brighton


refAbstractLine:
and Chichester is defended and the construction of these from 1887 onwards has led to the decrease of littoral


refAbstractLine:
East Head spit is a mobile feature formed of Aeolian sands and gravel beach deposits. East Head spit formed


refAbstractLine:
during a period of plentiful longshore sediment supply and since this  has lessened  the spit has rotated around a


refAbstractLine:
Hinge point, effectively moving inside the Harbour Entrance and leading to the formation of 'The Winner' a


refAbstractLine:
broad expanse of sand and gravel located in the harbour entrance. Since 1963 East Head has been characterised


refAbstractLine:
by varying amounts of accretion at the tip and limited accretion or erosion at the Hinge Point. The highest rates


refAbstractLine:
of retreat were associated with the large scale retreat of the coast from 1842-1881. For the majority of the last


refAbstractLine:
century retreat rates have been much lower, with values of the order of 1 to 2m at East Head, although in 2000


refAbstractLine:
rates of up to 1m in a single night have been observed at the Hinge Point.


refAbstractLine:
The changes at East Head have been coincident with erosion and accretion elsewhere in the harbour:


refAbstractLine:
The Winner lowered by 0.5 to 1m between 1926 and 2000.


refAbstractLine:
Chichester Channel has shown a northerly movement.


refAbstractLine:
On Pilsey Sands accretion had formed a new spit to the west of Pilsey Island and Pilsey Island itself has


refAbstractLine:
undergone Aeolian accretion. The central western and north-eastern parts of Pilsey have also undergone


refAbstractLine:
accretion since at least 1995. The south-western part of Pilsey has been more variable showing both erosion and


refAbstractLine:
accretion, whilst long-term trends for the central southern part of Pilsey indicates erosion.


refAbstractLine:
Pole Sands have shown both erosion and accretion over the period 1887 to 2000, although they have exhibited


refAbstractLine:
an overall pattern erosion. East Pole Sands accreted until 1926 and eroded thereafter.


refAbstractLine:
Analysis of the pattern of sediment types obtained from sampling the nearshore and offshore seabed


refAbstractLine:
environments at the entrance and adjacent to Chichester Harbour. From this principal sediment transport


refAbstractLine:
environments and pathways are derived, indicating the dominance of ebb tide movement. The provenance of


refAbstractLine:
sediments received comment. Specific analysis of the transport environment of East Pole Sands indicates it


refAbstractLine:
derivation from the foreshore between East Wittering and East Head. Whilst pathways conform to coastal


refAbstractLine:
morphology, they do not correlate convincingly with areas of know net deposition and channel change.


refAbstractLine:
Implication of the result for the future stability of East Head are explored.


refAbstractLine:
Numerical modelling studies have been carried out to assess the hydrodynamic and sedimentological conditions


refAbstractLine:
that may give rise to a future beach at East Head. These included spring and neap tidal conditions and the effect


refAbstractLine:
of a storm surge, as well as the direct effect of storm wave activity.


refAbstractLine:
Three breached scenarios were simulated. In each case the breaches tended to erode indicating that the imposed


refAbstractLine:
bed levels would deepen. This is especially the case under storm wave conditions. Closure of the breach would


refAbstractLine:
depend to a large extent on littoral drift patterns and how these are affected by the existing groynes along the


refAbstractLine:
open frontage. The longer spring-neap simulation for breach 2 indicated that a breach of this configuration


refAbstractLine:
would tend to remain open. This simulation also highlighted that over  this period of time there is a small


refAbstractLine:
impact of the breach on the main channel, which is a consequence of the breach carrying a proportion of the


refAbstractLine:
tidal volume into and out of the inner Harbour.


refAbstractLine:
Core and seafloor samples are analysed using sedimentological and forminiferida techniques and the results


refAbstractLine:
used to interpret the Holocene history of Start Bay. They indicate a barrier-lagoon complex with associated


refAbstractLine:
tidal marshes and river and an open sea environment about 8000 years BP with continuing sea-level rise and


refAbstractLine:
offshore to onshore barrier migration, the contemporary beach system and confined lagoons were created by


refAbstractLine:
3,000BP. Independent geophysical evidence supports this hypothesis.


refAbstractLine:
An overview and re-evaluation of previous proposals to build a training wall or rubble mound at the northern


refAbstractLine:
side of the entrance to the harbour. The role of this structure in impeding north to south littoral drift and thus


refAbstractLine:
"starving" the up drift beach in front of Teignmouth is discussed, The impacts of dredging the Eastern Quay


refAbstractLine:
Channel by approximately 3m is discussed in terms of structural requirements.


refAbstractLine:
Recommended improvements to groyne protection of the town beach frontage based on analysis of seasonal


refAbstractLine:
variations of beach levels back to 1958. LWM has receded since 1954; it is almost 30m closer to the seawall adjacent


refAbstractLine:
to the pier in 1971 compared to 1954. Net longshore drift is from north to south.


refAbstractLine:
Summary of geotechnical conditions and salient geomorphological features of unstable cliffs subject to various types of


refAbstractLine:
mass movement processes and translational failures.


refAbstractLine:
Scoping of options available to stabilise eroding and receding chalk cliffs at, in the vacinity of, Beer Head. Brief


refAbstractLine:
geological and geotechnical data on cliff material composition and geometry is provided.


refAbstractLine:
One of the most significant concerns in Chichester Harbour is that a breach at East Head could form and therefore


refAbstractLine:
modify channels within Chichester Harbour. The sustainable long term management strategy for East Head needs to


refAbstractLine:
take into account the key geomorphological and hydraulic factors which have brought about the changes at East Head


refAbstractLine:
and the surrounding area of the Harbour mouth.


refAbstractLine:
Today there is a counter-clockwise circulation of material in the entrance to Chichester Harbour with material moving


refAbstractLine:
out of the estuary on the western side through the Emsworth Channel, and into the estuary on the eastern side over the


refAbstractLine:
northern parts of East Pole Sands and the Winner. Additionally, the south westerly transport pathway from East Head to


refAbstractLine:
the Emsworth Channel and Pole Sands, and the counter-clockwise circulation on the north of the Winner contribute to


refAbstractLine:
the overall counter-clockwise circulation in the harbour mouth.


refAbstractLine:
The dynamics of East Head and the Harbour Mouth have been largely governed by the reduction in sediment supply,


refAbstractLine:
mainly from the east, which has had a number of knock-on effects. The consequences include the reduction of littoral


refAbstractLine:
supply to East Head itself and the tendency for the expansion of the cross sectional area of the estuary mouth. Both of


refAbstractLine:
these consequences have encouraged the erosion of East Head. Additionally they have led to the lowering of the


refAbstractLine:
Winner, which has further removed aeolian supply to East Head and increased the incident wave energy, thereby


refAbstractLine:
adding to the erosive trend. Additionally, the sea defences on the West Wittering frontage have held East Head to the


refAbstractLine:
east of its natural position. This may have been exacerbated by the westerly growth of dunes at the tip which have


refAbstractLine:
increased the area of the spit and which was assisted, at least in part, by past management practices.


refAbstractLine:
The continued lack of sediment supply means that the erosion of East Head is likely to continue, leading to the break


refAbstractLine:
through of the sea at the Hinge Point. Should a breach form at this point then, without anthropogenic interference the


refAbstractLine:
The shoreline of Start Bay is fringed by an intermittent, segment fringing gravel barrier beach (9km in length). It either


refAbstractLine:
rests against a now degraded cliffline of probable last intergalcial origin or has trapped a sequence of lagoons and


refAbstractLine:
wetlands where its growth has infilled former valley mouths. Slapton Sands is the largest sector and has developed


refAbstractLine:
across the site of a former shallow estuary. Back barrier sediments here indicate that they are freshwater in origin, and


refAbstractLine:
dating of fossil mollusca suggests that the barrier is a transgressive feature that closed off the Slapton Ley lagoon just


refAbstractLine:
before 3,000 years B.P. crestal overwash in the first four centuries A.D. raised the height of the barrier and initiated a


refAbstractLine:
second sedimentation cycle. Lagoons and wetlands are now "perched" above mean sea-level, thus imposing a


refAbstractLine:
progressive rise of base-level of local catchments.


refAbstractLine:
The research has collected a large amount of field data and accompanying photgrammetric and cartographic evidence.


refAbstractLine:
This work examines the accuracy of the Global Positioning Systems for the use in geomorphological field work, it


refAbstractLine:
examines data collection techniques and sampling methods. The thesis shows that kinematic GPS data collection


refAbstractLine:
offers the best practical solution for beach monitoring in the short term. This research also investigates the use of


refAbstractLine:
analytical and digital photogrammetric systems and their applicability for coastal monitoring. In particular, this thesis


refAbstractLine:
examines the effect of varying the automatic digital elevation model collection strategies within the Erda Orthomax


refAbstractLine:
The Geohazards Report for the Sussex coastal cliffs is part of an INTERREG II funded investigation into the Risk of


refAbstractLine:
Cliff Collapse (ROCC) along the facing coasts of the English Channel from the Seine to the Somme valleys (140km) in


refAbstractLine:
France and from Eastbourne to Brighton (40km) in Sussex. Results from the Sussex part of this investigation are


refAbstractLine:
presented as a hazard map, a report and a supporting ROCC Database. The hazard map is contained within the ROCC


refAbstractLine:
Database as eleven JPEG files a scale of 1:15,000.


refAbstractLine:
The geohazards are described in 17 separate sections along the Sussex sea cliffs, related to geology, style and


refAbstractLine:
magnitude of cliff collapses. A new classification for cliff collapses and a new scale of magnitude for collapses are


refAbstractLine:
introduced and these are used to identify and semi-quantify the different hazards. Information on more detailed studies


refAbstractLine:
of specific parts of the coast, such as Birling Gap and Portobello, is contained in the ROCC Database which


refAbstractLine:
Particular features of the Sussex cliffs include the influence of folding in the Chalk on cliff stability, especially at Beachy


refAbstractLine:
Head, Seaford Head and Newhaven. Hazards related to the Chalk range from conventional plane and wedge failures


refAbstractLine:
to complex cliff collapses and major flow slides. Each of these types of cliff failure is described and located on the


refAbstractLine:
hazard map. In the Chalk, the rock structure, which varies with each formation, is of paramount importance. Other


refAbstractLine:
hazards, related to other rocks capping the cliffs, include mud-slides and sand-rock collapses at Newhaven, and


refAbstractLine:
progressive failure of Quaternary Head and other valley-fill deposits. Weathering, including the concentration of


refAbstractLine:
groundwater flow down dissolution pipes and primary discontinuities, is major factor in rate and location of cliff collapses.


refAbstractLine:
Climate (and climate change) and marine erosion affect the rate of development of cliff collapse and cliff-line retreat.


refAbstractLine:
This was particularly evident during the wet winter of 2000-2001 when the first major collapses along protected sections


refAbstractLine:
of coastline occurred (Peacehaven Cliffs and the undercliff wall; Black Rock Marina the Chalk cliffs and the


refAbstractLine:
Quaternary Head). It is the geology, however, that controls the location and scale of cliff failure.


refAbstractLine:
Relevant content includes (1) a review of the Holocene and historical Geomorphological evolution of the West and


refAbstractLine:
East Sussex coastlines, with particular reference to the development of shingle beaches; (2) the historical behaviour


refAbstractLine:
of Seaford Beach, particularly following the construction of Newhaven harbour breakwater; (3) experimental (tracer)


refAbstractLine:
investigations of shingle movement in the nearshore zone adjacent to Seaford Beach and in Seaford Bay; (4)


refAbstractLine:
Longshore transport rates and the efficiency of the groyne system across selected profiles on Seaford Beach; (5)


refAbstractLine:
seabed sediment mobility south of Shoreham-by-Sea and offshore Newhaven Western breakwater, using marked


refAbstractLine:
clasts and radioactive tracers; and (6) various aspects of beach morphodynamics between Selsey Bill and Cuckmere


refAbstractLine:
Haven. Research on sediment tracing includes original evaluation of the roll of particle shape and size  on transport


refAbstractLine:
dispersal and travel distances, as well as measurements of mobility in relation to water depth. Only a small rate of


refAbstractLine:
shingle 'creep' from offshore to onshore was determined, kelp-rafting of shingle may be quantitatively more


refAbstractLine:
significant, but cannot be quantified at present.


refAbstractLine:
This report has been commissioned to utilise work undertaken in previous studies,


refAbstractLine:
including the existing CHaMPs, to consider past changes in saltmarsh extent since SPA


refAbstractLine:
Analysis presented in this interim report provides an overview of beach changes and wave and tidal measurements


refAbstractLine:
since the first beach surveys took place during the winter of 2003, and changes are reported until spring 2011.


refAbstractLine:
Historic data collected by New Forest District Council also exists from 2001 and 2002 until the commencement of the


refAbstractLine:
since the commencement of the Southeast Strategic Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme.


refAbstractLine:
This document outlines the research and development needs to improve our


refAbstractLine:
understanding of the lowering of beaches in front of coastal defence structures


refAbstractLine:
caused by toe scour and provide preliminary design guidance to best practice


refAbstractLine:
This research project brings together the present scientific understanding of the


refAbstractLine:
physical, chemical and ecological factors controlling habitat creation (saltmarsh,


refAbstractLine:
intertidal mudflat and eelgrass (Zostera Marina) beds) at coastal realignment sites.


refAbstractLine:
This is the 2nd of 2 reports and this report integrates the main controlling criteria for habitat creation


refAbstractLine:
identified by the reviews into tools that will aid site selection in a screening


refAbstractLine:
mode (GIS) and on a site-by-site basis (influence diagram tool and software).


refAbstractLine:
Report covers Estuary wide modelling; Tidal flat sedimentation; Mudflat-saltmarsh interactions and Morphological / physiotype modelling.


refAbstractLine:
Joint probability analysis predicts the probability of occurrence of events in which two


refAbstractLine:
or more partially dependent variables simultaneously take high or extreme values.


refAbstractLine:
Several different environmental variables are potentially important in design and


refAbstractLine:
assessment of flood and coastal defences, for example waves, tide, surge, river flow, rainfall, swell and wind.


refAbstractLine:
This report summarises dependence between key pairs of


refAbstractLine:
variables around England, Wales and Scotland in a form suitable for use in simplified joint exceedence analysis methods.


refAbstractLine:
This report is aimed at non-specialist users of joint probability methods, to encourage


refAbstractLine:
them to adopt and use joint probability methods without the need for specialist advice.


refAbstractLine:
The variable-pairs presented in this report include: wave height & sea level, relevant to most coastal flood defence studies,


refAbstractLine:
river flow & surge, relevant to most river flood defence studies, hourly rainfall & sea level, of potential use in drainage studies in coastal towns


refAbstractLine:
and wind-sea & swell, of potential use in coastal engineering studies.


refAbstractLine:
In 2000, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, (CEH Wallingford)


refAbstractLine:
participated in MAFF (now Defra) research regarding extreme water levels in estuaries.


refAbstractLine:
Areas that may be at heightened risk of flooding because of the simultaneous


refAbstractLine:
occurrence of extreme sea surge and river flow in estuaries along the British east coast


refAbstractLine:
were identified. The purpose of the present study was to extend the analysis to


refAbstractLine:
encompass the south, west and north coasts of Great Britain. The heightened risk of


refAbstractLine:
flooding was investigated by estimating the dependence between extreme river flow and sea surge.


refAbstractLine:
This report describes the assembly and testing of proof of concept (PoC) investigations.


refAbstractLine:
The report explores how to use and move beyond coastal mapping and


refAbstractLine:
expert geomorphological assessment to incorporate aspects of quantified process


refAbstractLine:
based
understanding into models of coastal systems with some capacity to predict


refAbstractLine:
The aim of this research project is to examine and improve our technical


refAbstractLine:
understanding of the roles of the different parameters and processes that


refAbstractLine:
contribute to the downwearing of cohesive shore platforms.


refAbstractLine:
This project uses up-to-date tidal records, best available statistical techniques


refAbstractLine:
and values on design sea levels at a regular close spacing around the coastline. In addition a means of


refAbstractLine:
generating appropriate storm tide curves.


refAbstractLine:
The project was set up to update important datasets for sea levels and swell waves.


refAbstractLine:
The report provides a consistent set of swell wave designs around the coasts of England, Wales and Scotland,


refAbstractLine:
updating earlier advice given in the 1997 HR Wallingford report SR409,


refAbstractLine:
Swell and bi-model wave climate around the coast of England and Wales.


refAbstractLine:
And also practice guidance on how to use this new dataset.


refAbstractLine:
This document provides practical guidance on how to view the findings from the swell


refAbstractLine:
wave studies, described in a separate document (SC060064/TR3, Technical report on swell wave conditions).


refAbstractLine:
This report provides practical guidance on how to view the findings of the extreme sea


refAbstractLine:
Second edition of the Beach Management Manual provides practical guidance on managing beaches for coastal defence purposes.


refAbstractLine:
This updated edition provides a risk and performance based approach. The manual is dividing into 4 parts:


refAbstractLine:
(1) Introduction- provides background into beach management,(2) Monitoring and performance of beaches,


refAbstractLine:
(3) Decision framework for beach management and (4) Technical appraisal methods.


refAbstractLine:
The Manual includes details of a number of techniques that can be applied for maintaining, restoring,


refAbstractLine:
enhancing or creating saltmarsh. The focus is on managing existing saltmarsh environments but also covers habitat creation.


refAbstractLine:
A model is described that stimulates the paths taken by a large number of identified particles on


refAbstractLine:
the seabed in coastal areas in response to waves and currents.


refAbstractLine:
This paper looks at the interaction between morphological response of estuaries and dynamics of saltmarshes.


refAbstractLine:
The paper adds a simple saltmarsh model into the aggregated scale model of long-term morphology known as ASMITA.


refAbstractLine:
The results show strong interaction between sediment availability within the estuary and marsh depth.


refAbstractLine:
A numerical model was used to predict the equilibrium form of muddy intertidal profiles, along a shoreline in Southampton Water Uk. It was found that a profile containing a seawall had a very different profile form to the undefended


refAbstractLine:
sites, and that the seawall profile could not be accurately represented in the model.


refAbstractLine:
The model was extended to include wave refraction from the seawall and it was concluded that the likely


refAbstractLine:
cause of different profile form at the site of the seawall was due to incident and reflected wave interaction.


refAbstractLine:
This report reviews the continuing debates about the research into the environmental effects of marine aggregate


refAbstractLine:
dredging, with particular emphasis on potential change along or close to the coastline.


refAbstractLine:
Some of the risks, uncertainties and conflicts associated with nearshore aggregate dredging for beach recharge


refAbstractLine:
purposes are highlighted. The benefits of intensive aggregate-licence monitoring requirements, and co-operation


refAbstractLine:
between local authorities are demonstrated, providing a robust analytical approach to coastal process impact


refAbstractLine:
Numerous site investigations have described 'reconstituted', 'putty', 'soft' and 'rubbly' chalks which have generally been


refAbstractLine:
grouped together for geotechnical description purposes as 'structure less', to distinguish them from 'structured' (bedded


refAbstractLine:
and jointed) in situ chalks. Structure less chalks have mostly been assumed to be redeposited materials or materials


refAbstractLine:
that have been intensely mechanically reworked in place. Recent surveys of the east Devon coast have shown that


refAbstractLine:
an extensive, thick chalk deposit, which in small exposures or in cored boreholes could be mistaken for redeposited


refAbstractLine:
material, has formed in situ by the partial dissolution of a particular type of chalk.


refAbstractLine:
The development of a numerical model for the simulation of water flow in and above a porous beach is described. The


refAbstractLine:
model is verified against a simple analytical case of Darcy flow and an estimate of lower limit of applicable grain size made


refAbstractLine:
thereby. Validation against observed water depths and free-flow velocities recorded on a gravel beach at Slapton, UK


refAbstractLine:
in 2001 is also undertaken. The model accurately predicts both measured instantaneous water depths and velocities.


refAbstractLine:
Much of the Isle of Wight is underlain by permeable strata and groundwater is an important source of supply. Many


refAbstractLine:
groundwater studies were undertaken by the water provider and regulatory authority from the 1970's onwards. This paper


refAbstractLine:
reviews previous studies and provides an overview of the hydrogeology of the island with particular focus on the Lower


refAbstractLine:
Greensand Group and the Chalk-Upper Greensand aquifer.


refAbstractLine:
The Black Ven-Spittles landslide is an old complex of interacting coastal landslides that are in the process of being


refAbstractLine:
reactivated as a result of a combination of man-made works and marine erosion. The upper part of the landslide is


refAbstractLine:
underlain by Cretaceous rocks and the lower part by the Jurassic Charmouth Mudstone formation. Large scale


refAbstractLine:
rotational failures have occurred in the Cretaceous rock at less than 10 year intervals during the past 60 years. In


refAbstractLine:
contrast, large scale failures have been infrequent in the Charmouth Mudstone. Two such failures have been recorded


refAbstractLine:
in 1908 and 2008, the most recent close to the Lyme Regis urban area.


refAbstractLine:
The aim of the field excursion was to demonstrate the more important geological features that have controlled the


refAbstractLine:
development of the landforms in the coastal zone between Charmouth and Lyme Regis, and to illustrate some of the


refAbstractLine:
The SMP provides broad scale assessment of the coastal flooding and


refAbstractLine:
erosion risks and advice to operating authorities and private landowners on the management of their defences.


refAbstractLine:
The SMP includes stakeholder engagement, baseline processes understanding, policy appraisal, economic


refAbstractLine:
Assessment, Appropriate Assessment, Strategic and water framework directive assessment.


refAbstractLine:
The plan extends between Durlston Head in the west and Hurst Spit to the east


refAbstractLine:
Assessment, Appropriate Assessment, Strategic Environmental Assessment and water framework directive assessment.


refAbstractLine:
The Plan covers from Beachy Head to Selsey Bill.


refAbstractLine:
Guidelines for developing strategic plans for the physical restoration of SSSI rivers. Includes geomorphological surveys


refAbstractLine:
This study represents the most up-to-date national inventory of coastal vegetated shingle habitats and


refAbstractLine:
the evidence will provide the basis for monitoring environmental change and shingle status


refAbstractLine:
assessment, especially related to long-term climate change and sea level rise.


refAbstractLine:
Report on coastal saline lagoons and their importance as qualifying parameters in the context of Water


refAbstractLine:
designation in a number of specific SPAs, and provide a summary of potential future changes.


refAbstractLine:
This report presents the results of a research project to improve our understanding of aspects of sediment


refAbstractLine:
(primarily sand) transport in the coastal zone. The project was primarily concerned with the "sheet-flow" regime of


refAbstractLine:
sand transport. This occurs at the sea bed under the action of very large storm waves, which produce


refAbstractLine:
a slurry of water-sand mixture at the sea bed which is swept back and forth by the


refAbstractLine:
wave velocities, and carried by tidal, wave- or wind-driven currents that carry the slurry


refAbstractLine:
The purpose of this guide is to explain current thinking in relation to coastal defence in an informative way


refAbstractLine:
using examples of present day approaches to addressing coastal problems.


refAbstractLine:
The guide explains the significant advances that have been made in recent years in terms of improving both policy


refAbstractLine:
framework and the structural arrangements for delivery of sustainable coastal risk management.


refAbstractLine:
The guide provides background information on coastal evolution and climate change, the natural environment, coastal erosion,


refAbstractLine:
Surface investigations and field mapping surveys have been supported by ground investigations 2002 and 2005


refAbstractLine:
of Isle of Wight Undercliff  have assisted in confirming the geology structure of the area. These have allowed


refAbstractLine:
consideration of landslide risk together with the improved guidance for management of the Undercliff.


refAbstractLine:
The purpose of the book is to describe both the basic hydrodynamics and the basic sediment transport mechanisms which are


refAbstractLine:
of importance for the construction of a mathematical model sediment transport in coastal areas.


refAbstractLine:
Gravel beaches are particularly prevalent in the UK. They have a function as a natural coastal defence,


refAbstractLine:
protecting the backshore region against wave run up and extreme water levels. In a previous study a comparison of


refAbstractLine:
beach profile evolution was made between numerical model simulations and large scale experiments under


refAbstractLine:
constant water level, with particular emphasis on the tendency for onshore transport and profile steepening


refAbstractLine:
during calm conditions (Jamal et al., 2010). The present paper extends that investigation to study the influence of


refAbstractLine:
the advection of surf processes induced by tidal water level variations effects, on gravel beach profile evolution.


refAbstractLine:
The cross-shore variability of composite sand-gravel beaches is distinctly different


refAbstractLine:
to that of sand beaches and to the other forms of coarse-grained beaches (mixed beaches and pure


refAbstractLine:
gravel beaches) in terms of profile shape, sediment characteristics, sediment distribution and profile


refAbstractLine:
response to hydrodynamic forcing. Understanding the response of a composite sand-gravel beach to


refAbstractLine:
morphodynamic drivers is extremely important for developing methodologies to predict their


refAbstractLine:
behaviour, which is essential to inform effective management decisions. Two field study sites used, Narranbeen beach NSW Australia


refAbstractLine:
and Milford on sea, Christchurch Bay, UK.


refAbstractLine:
This research aims to investigate claims regarding the physical impacts of geotextile technology and structural


refAbstractLine:
integrity in the marine environment. Specifically physical impacts in this context refer to hydrodynamic


refAbstractLine:
modifications and coastal response induced by the of an artificial surfing reef. Artificial Surf Reefs (ASR)


refAbstractLine:
have been constructed globally with a variety of success. This paper compares wave climate and hydrodynamic response


refAbstractLine:
simulated by numerical model Mike 21 by DHL with insitu measurements at Boscombe ASR, UK.


refAbstractLine:
This study aims to generate wave and surge considers for the present situation (2010) and for three scenarios: short


refAbstractLine:
(2010-2040), mid- (2040-2070) and long-term (2040-2070) scenario, so that coastal flooding hazard maps


refAbstractLine:
can be generated and also the short, mid and long-term erosion patterns can be determined.


refAbstractLine:
The study site in the southwest coast of England covers an area between Plymouth Sound and Exe.


refAbstractLine:
The paper shows how the methodology based on the Source-Pathway-Receptor-Consequence (SPRC)


refAbstractLine:
approach (Sayers et al., 2003) can be used to identify the risks of flooding and erosion in Teign Estuary, UK.


refAbstractLine:
Construction of an artificial surf reef at Boscombe, UK has provided an opportunity to conduct detailed field


refAbstractLine:
observations, designed to assess impacts of the reef construction on shoreline responses.


refAbstractLine:
Field investigations dating back to 2002 have been used to monitor morphodynamic changes arising prior to,


refAbstractLine:
during, and following construction of the Boscombe artificial surf reef.


refAbstractLine:
The EU THESEUS project (www.theseusproject.eu) is a Europe-wide project for an integrated approach to coastal


refAbstractLine:
flood risk management that explores the Source –Pathway – Receptor (SPR) model (Evans et al., 2004) as


refAbstractLine:
its conceptual framework. This paper examines the development of an a-priori systems model based on the


refAbstractLine:
SPR using examples from eight THESEUS study sites to illustrate different aspects of the model.


refAbstractLine:
The iCOAST Project aims to improve our capability to predict mesoscale geomorphic evolution, linked to coastal


refAbstractLine:
erosion and flood risk management. The iCOAST project is taking a system approach that


refAbstractLine:
integrates several distinct components, including (1) formalised knowledge of coastal systems,


refAbstractLine:
(2) quantified broad scale analysis from ‘bottom-up’ hydrodynamic and sediment transport models,


refAbstractLine:
and (3) a new range of reduced complexity (RC) models.


refAbstractLine:
In this paper we present the profile response from eleven gravel barriers and beaches, located across the south of


refAbstractLine:
the UK, to extreme storm events. The sites have been chosen as part of a project which aims to develop New


refAbstractLine:
Understanding and Prediction of Storm Impacts on Gravel Beaches (NUPSIG).


refAbstractLine:
The paper also addresses the importance of data collection for pre-storm and post-storm measurements.


refAbstractLine:
A holistic conceptual model of the recession process has been developed through a literature review and drawing


refAbstractLine:
comparisons from the case study site on south-west coast of Isle of Wight. The model


refAbstractLine:
captures the large-scale processes influencing the cliff face (e.g. geotechnical, sub-aerial, coastal) and their


refAbstractLine:
associated parameters (e.g. rock strength, offshore wave heights) and how they interact.


refAbstractLine:
Understanding the relationship between landslides and climate change is crucially important in planning


refAbstractLine:
a proactive approach to hazard and risk management. Advances in geohazard modelling and prediction


refAbstractLine:
enable us to be better prepared for the impacts of climate change, but there is still a need for effective


refAbstractLine:
The MESSINA initiative has 3 main outputs (1) coastal managers toolkit which is made up of 4 practical guides.


refAbstractLine:
These are Monitoring and modelling the shoreline, Evaluating the shoreline, Engineering the shoreline and integrating


refAbstractLine:
the shoreline into spatial planning policies. (2) a series of workshops and (3) a website giving full access to the project


refAbstractLine:
outputs and database of approx. 50 shoreline management case studies.


refAbstractLine:
This guide has been prepared as one of the outputs from the project 'Coastal Change, Climate and Instability' (1997- 2000)


refAbstractLine:
Drawing  upon experiences gained in the field of instability management from sites in Great Britain, France, Italy, Switzerland


refAbstractLine:
and other locations. The guide is intended to provide practical assistance for those involved with instability


refAbstractLine:
management and planning with the object of reducing the impact of ground movement on local communities and economics.


refAbstractLine:
The CD contains the final technical report for eth 3-year LIFE Environment project 'Coastal Change, Climate and Instability'


refAbstractLine:
There are 2 volumes, Vol 1 comprises main report and Vol 2 comprises of detailed descriptions of 23 palaeo-environmental


refAbstractLine:
and 22 geotechnical case studies across Europe. The project considers the issues of coastal and climate


refAbstractLine:
change in terms of the utilisation of archaeological (palaeo-environmental) techniques


refAbstractLine:
to improve our understanding of the past and to help plan for the future.


refAbstractLine:
Response Project, includes CD and DVD and reports including Mapping Coastal Risks in Changing Climate Training pack


refAbstractLine:
and Responding to the Risks from Climate Change in Coastal Zone: a good practice guide.


refAbstractLine:
The issues addressed by the project include (1) impacts of climate change for coastal communities,


refAbstractLine:
(2) Erosion, landsliding and flooding hazards now and in the future, (3) identifying areas of increasing risk,


refAbstractLine:
(4) advising decision-makers on managing coastal and climate change. Case studies in Europe including Central-southern coast, England.


refAbstractLine:
risk management and informed planning policy to improve the safety and sustainability of communities


refAbstractLine:
at risk. The increasing frequency of extreme weather events has highlighted our vulnerability to the


refAbstractLine:
impact of climate change, and has resulted in enormous human and economic loss. This book presents


refAbstractLine:
the Proceedings of the International Conference on ‘Landslides and Climate Change - Challenges and


refAbstractLine:
Solutions’, which was held in Ventnor, Isle of Wight, UK in May 2007. The volume considers the practical


refAbstractLine:
This document is the environmental impact assessment for the proposed scheme to maintain coastal flood defences


refAbstractLine:
This is an online Estuary Guide which aims to provide an overview of how to identify and predict


refAbstractLine:
morphological change within estuaries. The site includes an Estuary database to search estuaries and their details.


refAbstractLine:
The site also provides information on estuary research projects and downloads.


refAbstractLine:
RESPONSE (or Responding to the risks from climate change) was a 3 year project launched in 2006, the project provides


refAbstractLine:
a framework for understanding and preparing for the impacts of climate change around the European coastline.


refAbstractLine:
Issues addressed included: (1) impacts of climate change on coastal communities, (2) erosion, landsliding and flooding now & in the future,


refAbstractLine:
This paper provides an overview of the 2006 Halcrow National Coastal Erosion Risk mapping project which


refAbstractLine:
aim is to map coast erosion risk while taking into account the influence of current coastal protection and management activities.


refAbstractLine:
The paper describes the development of a sustainable solution for coast protection within Seagrove Bay, Isle of Wight.


refAbstractLine:
Various 1D and 2D numerical models have been used for the analysis and design of the scheme.


refAbstractLine:
A guide to management and creation of saline lagoons.


refAbstractLine:
This is the Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) for the PUSH (Partnership for Urban South Hampshire).


refAbstractLine:
This covers the area from the west side of a Southampton Water (New Forest District) to Hayling Island (Havant Borough).


refAbstractLine:
The report  and outputs provide maps showing existing flood risk.


refAbstractLine:
In January 2010 the Environment Agency commissioned a strategic study for the Exe Estuary to examine


refAbstractLine:
the current and future flood and coastal risks as well as potential loss of habitat, and select strategic options


refAbstractLine:
to manage these future risks. This report defines the current and future flood risks in the Exe Estuary,


refAbstractLine:
focussing on both the Do Nothing and Do Minimum scenarios. The report provides information on the physical processes


refAbstractLine:
in the estuary including historic and future geomorphological evolution, flood risk, beach profile analysis (Dawlish Warren and Exmouth)


refAbstractLine:
Inn-on-the-Beach, is situated to the western end of the open coast on Hayling Island.


refAbstractLine:
The current defence is 425m of sloping wooden revetment which is nearing the end of its design life and Havant Borough Council are assessing


refAbstractLine:
different scenarios for the future. The report provides information on historical erosion rates.


refAbstractLine:
The development of a new strategic regional coastal monitoring programme for the southeast of England is summarised.


refAbstractLine:
Benefits arising from existing best practice local programmes are highlighted, together with problems, which have arisen


refAbstractLine:
The concept of coastal zone planning in a discrete area was discussed. It was suggested that  considerably more needs


refAbstractLine:
to be done in educating the public, and also to ensure that decision taking is both transparent and fair. Sufficient


refAbstractLine:
research needs to be done for ensuring the physical, social and economic safety of all the communities on the coastal


refAbstractLine:
zone. The financing of the schemes and compensation for those affected also needs to be re-visited.


refAbstractLine:
This paper discusses a research project dealing with the mapping of the intertidal vegetation of several harbours along


refAbstractLine:
the south coast of England. It describes in detail the methods used to map the vegetation and gives examples of the


refAbstractLine:
results of these studies. This type of vegetation mapping is useful in monitoring the development of the intertidal species


refAbstractLine:
including Spartina, Zostera and of particular importance to this study the green algae Ulva and Enteromorpha.


refAbstractLine:
Beach profile change in the swash zone on gravel beaches is characterised by enhanced onshore sediment transport


refAbstractLine:
and berm formation, and infiltration loss in the swash zone is often given as the reason why gravel beaches are steeper


refAbstractLine:
than sand beaches. In this paper, we report on field measurements conducted on a gravel beach, Slapton Sands, Devon


refAbstractLine:
UK, in April 2001. Collected field data were compared to predictions of the Beach Win model, which simulates interacting


refAbstractLine:
wave run-up/run-down, beach groundwater flow, swash sediment transport, and resulting beach profile changes.


refAbstractLine:
results of recent geological studies that have been designed to reach an understanding of the processes involved.


refAbstractLine:
The Axmouth to Lyme Regis Undercliffs National Nature Reserve in east Devon includes the most famous mass


refAbstractLine:
movement feature in Britain, the Bindon Landslide of Christmas Day 1839. Tens of millions of tons of rock, older


refAbstractLine:
landslide debris and beach deposits were pushed forward when a large mass of Cretaceous rocks became detached


refAbstractLine:
from the 120m high cliffs and slid seaward. Recently available aerial photography and multibeam sonar data has shown


refAbstractLine:
that an important factor missing from earlier interpretations are faults that run beneath and subparallel to the structures


refAbstractLine:
The south coast resort of Lyme Regis is threatened by a combination of marine erosion and large landslips. The


refAbstractLine:
geological factors that influence the rapid rates of marine erosion and consequential cliff and slope movements in


refAbstractLine:
coastal areas such as this are difficult to determine. Multidisciplinary studies carried out at Lyme Regis in advance of


refAbstractLine:
detailed site investigations of the most threatened areas have included topographical survey and the preparation of


refAbstractLine:
large scale geological maps in the onshore area along with sidescan-sonar, bathymetric and seismic-reflection surveys


refAbstractLine:
Brighton Marina is protected by circular caisson breakwaters constructed in 1972-1976. Over the last 30 years, some


refAbstractLine:
repairs have bee needed primarily to repair, enhance and extend toe protection. This paper will discuss the derivation of appropriate future scenarios


refAbstractLine:
of waves and water levels, analysis of bed scour trends, wave overtopping and wave loads. The paper will highlight


refAbstractLine:
the analysis of future options and the physical model tests used to study their effectiveness.


refAbstractLine:
Preliminary analysis of results from a series of studies of fine sediment transport in Pagham Harbour (UK) have revealed


refAbstractLine:
patterns of sediment transport which are related to tidal range and wind speed. This paper will present an analysis of


refAbstractLine:
some preliminary results from continuous monitors from two sites, which logged turbidity, salinity, water level and wind


refAbstractLine:
speed/direction at a frequency of 10minutes or less.


refAbstractLine:
The paper describes geomorphological analysis and morphodynamic modelling of the double spit enclosed Exe


refAbstractLine:
Estuary, UK. The long term morphodynamic behaviour of the Exe estuary system and the surrounding shoreline is


refAbstractLine:
studied. A 1-line model is used to investigate morphodynamics of Dawlish Warren spit (the only active spit at the mouth


refAbstractLine:
of the estuary) and its future morphologies.


refAbstractLine:
The Argus video system has been used to examine a section of the Slapton Sands macrotidal gravel barrier located in


refAbstractLine:
the southwest of the UK. The cross shore and alongshore morphological variation caused by nine storm events was


refAbstractLine:
monitored by determining the intertidal bathymetry from the images collected before and after each event. Two of the


refAbstractLine:
nine events have been contrasted in detail to show the morphological impacts of storms with different hydrodynamic


refAbstractLine:
Geohazards related to chalk cliffs from Eastbourne to Brighton are described. An eight-fold hazard classification is


refAbstractLine:
introduced that recognises the influence of chalk lithology, overlying sediments and weathering processes on location,


refAbstractLine:
variables of relevance to coastal management decision-making.


refAbstractLine:
Models used include Soft Cliff And Platform Erosion (SCAPE)


refAbstractLine:
and Aggregated Scale Morphological Interaction between Tidal basin and the Adjacent coast (ASMITA)


refAbstractLine:
This is the final report for the project and summarises the new research into developing a framework and


refAbstractLine:
conceptual model to predict long-term and large-scale geomorphological evolution.


refAbstractLine:
This report provides guidance for use of the UKCIP02 climate change scenario information


refAbstractLine:
within the flood and coastal defence community of England and Wales.


refAbstractLine:
Cohesive shore platforms are developed in relatively non-resistant,


refAbstractLine:
consolidated or partially consolidated cohesive sediments. The irreversible


refAbstractLine:
erosion of these platforms plays a large part in controlling the functioning of the


refAbstractLine:
wider coastal system, including beach form and shoreline recession, and poses significant problems for management.


refAbstractLine:
This paper presents the main results from a set of guidelines on the physical modelling of sediment dynamics.


refAbstractLine:
This report draws together recent key research and development work on beach lowering and scour and integrates work on performance


refAbstractLine:
and reliability of costal structures developed through the Performance-based Asset Management System (PAMS).


refAbstractLine:
The paper addresses the  challenge of predicting longer-term morphogical changes.


refAbstractLine:
The project aims to enhance the 'Hybrid' models combining elements and advantages of 'top-down' and


refAbstractLine:
A model is described that simulates the paths taken by a large number of identified particles on


refAbstractLine:
the seabed in coastal areas in response to wave and currents.


refAbstractLine:
This paper presents a methodology for testing the equilibrium beach profile (EBP) predictors by comparing the mean


refAbstractLine:
This paper demonstrates a methodology for integrating existing models for the


refAbstractLine:
rapid simulation of coastal flood events across a large and varied case study area on the UK south coast.


refAbstractLine:
Following validation against observations from real coastal floods, synthetic


refAbstractLine:
events driven by realistic waves and water levels and the full range of failure mechanisms


refAbstractLine:
were modelled for a range of loadings to generate peak flood water depths and an overview


refAbstractLine:
of impacts across this spectrum of possible floods.


refAbstractLine:
Using newly digitised sea-level data for the ports of Southampton (1935 - 2005)


refAbstractLine:
and Portsmouth (1961 - 2005) on the south coast of the UK, this study investigates the


refAbstractLine:
relationship between the 100 highest sea-level events recorded at the two cities and the


refAbstractLine:
incidence of coastal floods in the adjoining Solent region.


refAbstractLine:
This paper provides estimates of rates of change in mean sea level around the English Channel, based on an


refAbstractLine:
extensive new hourly sea level data set for the south coast of the UK.


refAbstractLine:
Mean sea level trends are found to vary by between 0.8 and 2.3 mm/yr. around the Channel.


refAbstractLine:
A review of coastal morphodynamics, methods available for predicting long-term coastal evolution


refAbstractLine:
The results of a national review into beach nourishment around the UK are presented,


refAbstractLine:
along with a more detailed review of a beach nourishment site at Eastoke, Hayling Island.


refAbstractLine:
This paper discusses a partnership approach to design a framework for the South-east Strategic Regional


refAbstractLine:
Coastal-Ecology Monitoring Programme. A scoping study investigated


refAbstractLine:
monitoring requirements for Biodiversity Action Plans (BAPs), Special Sites of Scientific Interest (SSSIs)


refAbstractLine:
and Sites of Community Importance (SCIs).


refAbstractLine:
An important aspect of any proposed dredging, whether for navigation or aggregates, is to understand


refAbstractLine:
and be able to predict the consequential impacts on the surrounding seabed and nearby coastlines.


refAbstractLine:
The recently completed three-year, 17-partner, 7-nation European project SANDPIT has addressed


refAbstractLine:
these questions, focussing especially on the hydrodynamic, sediment dynamic and morphodynamic


refAbstractLine:
impacts, and the time-scales over which they apply.


refAbstractLine:
‘RESPONSE’ (Responding to the Risks from Climate Change) is a three year


refAbstractLine:
demonstration project (2003-2006) supported by the European Commission’s LIFE Environment


refAbstractLine:
programme. It aims to assist local authorities and other stakeholders in assessing and prioritising


refAbstractLine:
risks arising from climate change on the coast.


refAbstractLine:
This paper describes the regional coastal ecology monitoring programme that is being undertaken as


refAbstractLine:
Sediment sampling and analysis report for Hengistbury Head showing location of onshore and offshore


refAbstractLine:
The study aims to provide a strategic approach to compensating for inter-tidal coastal


refAbstractLine:
squeeze caused by essential flood defences, and will form the basis of the North Solent


refAbstractLine:
SMP’s Appropriate Assessment (AA). The AA will need to show that coastal


refAbstractLine:
management policies are adopted that allow sufficient mitigation or compensation to


refAbstractLine:
generate new inter-tidal habitat to offset that lost to coastal squeeze. Where


refAbstractLine:
replacement habitat causes loss to landward designated habitats then there may be a


refAbstractLine:
knock-on requirement for replacement freshwater habitats.


refAbstractLine:
This report details the findings of the Beaulieu monitoring surveys conducted


refAbstractLine:
between April 2007 and April 2009 following a significantly stormy period over winter


refAbstractLine:
2006/07 that caused notable damage to the barrier beach at the western end of Gull


refAbstractLine:
Island in the west Solent. The winter period between October 2006 and February


refAbstractLine:
2007 was relatively stormier than previous years.


refAbstractLine:
Monitoring report for Calshot Cliffs. Cliff surveys from 2005 to 2009.


refAbstractLine:
Barton Cliff Monitoring Report, including survey data and historical photography.


refAbstractLine:
Details of full baseline survey for Wootton Creek, Isle of Wight.


refAbstractLine:
Beach profiles of Hurst Spit, collected in April 2011 as part of the SE Regional Coastal Monitoring


refAbstractLine:
Programme, were used in a cross-shore empirical model, the “Bradbury Overwash Model”, to


refAbstractLine:
determine the point at which the crest of each beach profile would overwash in a 1 in 1 year, 1 in 5


refAbstractLine:
This paper investigates the use of softcopy photogrammetry look at past platform elevations and compare these


refAbstractLine:
to elevations from modern air photographs. Coastal sea defences have been installed along the east coast of


refAbstractLine:
Brighton and the study looks at erosion patterns around these structures.


refAbstractLine:
Recent developments provide a means of defining the estuary form base on external or


refAbstractLine:
pre-defined parameters such as tidal range, river discharge, valleys length, nature of valley bed


refAbstractLine:
and type of sediments available as a supply.


refAbstractLine:
This was found to provide a reasonable representation of UK estuaries for properties such as


refAbstractLine:
surface area and volume at mean tide level


refAbstractLine:
but a much poorer representation of areas and volumes of the low water channel and the tidal flats.


refAbstractLine:
The study uses GIS analysis of aerial photography taken over the period 1975 to 2005 to quantify changes in the


refAbstractLine:
coastal slope at Beachy Head East Sussex.


refAbstractLine:
The report provides quantitative estimates of the national demand for beach recharge materials and of the


refAbstractLine:
resources suitable to meet the demand over the next 20 years.


refAbstractLine:
The information is for the south and east coast of England, Wales and western England.


refAbstractLine:
The report also considers the use of non-marine sand and gravel for recharge including land-sourced aggregates and mineral wastes.


refAbstractLine:
The report provides detailed appraisal of each of Hampshire County Council's landholding at risk from


refAbstractLine:
flooding and erosion. The report also includes a section on climate change and includes predictions based on UKCIP02


refAbstractLine:
This Beach Management Plan has been prepared to provide a basis for maintenance of the defences completed in May


refAbstractLine:
2000 on Mudeford Sandbank. The report includes historical description of Mudeford Sandbank and future prediction


refAbstractLine:
The management plan covers New Forest coastline along the west of Southampton Water


refAbstractLine:
and the west Solent to Christchurch Bay.


refAbstractLine:
It provides information on the geology and natural processes along the coastline


refAbstractLine:
Spatial and temporal variations of chalk cliff retreat rates over a 130 yr period are examined for 22 km of the East Sussex chalk coastline between


refAbstractLine:
Brighton and Belle TouteTout lighthouse, England. Data are derived from maps surveyed between 1873 and 1925/28 and air photographs dating from


refAbstractLine:
1973 and 2001. The long-term average cliff retreat rate over the period 1873 to 1973 is 0.36m/y and from 1873 to 2001 is 0.35m/y. Over the whole


refAbstractLine:
23 km study area, rates calculated over shorter time slices indicate a decline in cliff retreat: 0.37 m/y between 1873 and 1925/28; 0.35 m/y between


refAbstractLine:
1925/28 and 1973; 0.27m/y between 1973 and 2001. Temporal variations are unlikely to be due to variations in precipitation and frost days though the


refAbstractLine:
relationship remains uncertain due to the resolution of available cliff retreat and climatic data. Changes in wave climate are small and cannot be


refAbstractLine:
responsible for the decline in cliff retreat. The study suggests that the most important factors causing the measured decline in cliff retreat rates are firstly,


refAbstractLine:
the loss of cliff toe beaches over time and secondly, widening of the rocky shore platforms that front the cliffs. Some of the spatial variability in retreat


refAbstractLine:
rates can be explained by local variations in lithology.


refAbstractLine:
Rock or boulder groynes are an increasingly popular option for constructing groynes with the purpose of


refAbstractLine:
maintaining beach levels within the groyne compartment created. Due to the open blockwork nature of


refAbstractLine:
construction, rock groynes are permeable to water and sediment in contrast to either concrete or timber groynes.


refAbstractLine:
No data exists on the rate at which mixed sediment beach material penetrates through rock groynes, yet they are


refAbstractLine:
used as terminal features in groyne fields or are used to maintain discontinuities in coastal alignment. On the basis


refAbstractLine:
of the beach volumes, which were calculated from aerial photographs and ground surveys over different time


refAbstractLine:
intervals and covering more than 5 years, examples from two coast protection schemes in Southeast England show


refAbstractLine:
that where the beach levels on either side of the rock groyne differ, the rate of throughput is almost constant and


refAbstractLine:
independent of wave approach. Measured rates of transport can reach up to 1.27 m3 per day. Throughput is a


refAbstractLine:
function of the gradient between the beaches on either side which is determined by the cross-sectional area


refAbstractLine:
between the two beach profiles. An exponential relationship between the differences in cross-sectional


refAbstractLine:
areas either side of the rock groyne and rate of throughput is proposed.


refAbstractLine:
Monitoring of the behaviour of a mixed beach between groynes of different spacing and type at Saltdean over a period


refAbstractLine:
of 4.5 years, using detailed topographic surveys. This showed that there was no natural cross-sectional exchange


refAbstractLine:
Foreshore (intertidal) narrowing and steepening have become increasingly discussed issues in coastal management.


refAbstractLine:
With rising sea levels they could be expected to lead to higher wave energies reaching the shore, thus enhancing rates


refAbstractLine:
3D coastal change visualisations for Lepe showing predicted erosion and flooding upto 2105.


refAbstractLine:
3D coastal change visualisations for Calshot showing predicted erosion and flooding upto 2105.


refAbstractLine:
Interim report by West Beach Selsey Resident Group for a study at Selsey's West Beach using Radio Frequency ID tags to study


refAbstractLine:
the direction and speed of movement of shingle along the frontage following a major replenishment


refAbstractLine:
This report aims to provide an analysis and interpretation of changes occurring along the


refAbstractLine:
beach and foreshore of the West Wittering and East Head frontage. It is concerned primarily


refAbstractLine:
with the period August 2004 to August 2006, but includes comparisons with earlier studies to


refAbstractLine:
place results within a wider spatial and temporal context.


refAbstractLine:
This report looks at the options for remedial work for the 500m of steel sheet pile sea wall along


refAbstractLine:
Scoping report for the proposed pontoon berths west of Lymington Yacht Haven.


refAbstractLine:
Technical report outlining proposed scheme at Lymington Harbour and Environmental Report.


refAbstractLine:
This report describes an investigation into UK licensing procedures for marine aggregate dredging,


refAbstractLine:
with particular reference to the potential impact of dredging on coastal processes and the shoreline.


refAbstractLine:
This report seeks to elucidate the pattern, rates and interactions between the physical and biological processes acting in Pagham Harbour


refAbstractLine:
to define the importance of present forces and  the likely direction and magnitude of changes in the future.


refAbstractLine:
This summary report describes the nature of the landslides at Barton Cliffs and the influence of ground water on its stability.


refAbstractLine:
The report forms background information for the Christchurch Bay Strategy Study.


refAbstractLine:
The report provides an overview of coastal processes acting on the north-west coast of the Isle of Wight.


refAbstractLine:
The report focuses on Totland to Yarmouth, Newtown Harbour and Gurnard to Cowes.


refAbstractLine:
and proposed policies for coastal management.


refAbstractLine:
part of the South-East Strategic Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme. The programme has been collecting coastal


refAbstractLine:
The network of directional wave buoys provided by the southeast regional coastal monitoring


refAbstractLine:
programme provides an opportunity to validate numerical modelling methods in operational use.


refAbstractLine:
Successful management of the coast requires a clear understanding of the risks of coastal erosion and instability.


refAbstractLine:
This project set out to develop, test and disseminate an approach for assessing the risk of coastal erosion.


refAbstractLine:
This study investigates the cliffing problem by carrying out a theoretical analysis of the hydraulic


refAbstractLine:
conductivity of the bimodal mixed sand-gravel sediment with the support of laboratory and field data.


refAbstractLine:
The paper provides examples where monitoring data can improve beach management.


refAbstractLine:
The examples include Preston Beach, Hurst Spit and Lee-on-Solent.


refAbstractLine:
The internationally designated Exe Estuary (south-west England) is funnel shaped, enclosed by two


refAbstractLine:
spits, and comprises tidal deltas/offshore sand banks. Dawlish Warren, at the mouth of the estuary, is


refAbstractLine:
the only active spit (2 km long). This paper describes how an appraisal of the flood defence function of


refAbstractLine:
this spit, coupled with historical geomorphological analysis, one line modelling and innovative


refAbstractLine:
morphodynamic modelling, is assisting in the development of natural coastal and estuarine flood risk management options


refAbstractLine:
Estuaries are key areas in UK flood risk and coastal erosion management, needing well


refAbstractLine:
validated models to predict morphology. For this paper


refAbstractLine:
models were applied to eight varied UK estuaries ( including Southampton water) and different scenarios to identify impacts and


refAbstractLine:
sensitivities (e.g. to mean sea level (MSL) and sediment properties), respective merits of the models


refAbstractLine:
and good practice for morphological predictions.


refAbstractLine:
This paper describes the systems-based approach to simulating estuary geomorphological


refAbstractLine:
behaviour (EstSim) that complements quantitative morphological modelling. A structured


refAbstractLine:
qualitative framework has been developed through which it is possible to assess the


refAbstractLine:
behaviour of geomorphological features present in estuaries, the links between them, and


refAbstractLine:
The report investigates shingle beach profiles using surveyed and predicted (modelled) data for an open shingle beach at Shoreham.


refAbstractLine:
The study shows that the beach has been accreting over last 30 years indicating current management should continue.


refAbstractLine:
The study was commissioned by Poole Borough Council to review alternative options for maintaining


refAbstractLine:
appropriate beach levels, following recharge for the Poole Bay frontage.


refAbstractLine:
The report summarises a study which used the numerical modelling of beach plan shape changes to advise


refAbstractLine:
on the best option for beach control structures between shore rd, sandbanks and Branksome Dene Chine, Poole.


refAbstractLine:
This study used Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) particle tracing technology to


refAbstractLine:
investigate sediment transport on a rapidly eroding mixed sand and gravel beach that


refAbstractLine:
provides the main form of coastal protection for the densely populated Eastoke Peninsula, Hayling Island, UK.


refAbstractLine:
Offshore sand and gravel deposits are increasingly under pressure as a resource for dredging


refAbstractLine:
material for building purposes and for beach nourishment. The environmental impacts of offshore


refAbstractLine:
extractions both in the vicinity of the extraction and on adjacent coastlines have to be evaluated


refAbstractLine:
and shown to be within acceptable limits. The SANDPIT project was a European collaborative


refAbstractLine:
research project with 17 partners in 7 countries, aimed at strengthening the scientific background


refAbstractLine:
against which licensing applications are reviewed. The project addressed questions focussed


refAbstractLine:
especially on the hydrodynamic, sediment dynamic and morphodynamic impacts of marine sand


refAbstractLine:
extraction, and the time-scales over which they apply.


refAbstractLine:
The main objectives of the project were to (1) solve the problem of possible scale / model effects for wave overtopping


refAbstractLine:
and (2) produce a generic prediction method for crest height design or assessment


refAbstractLine:
This paper summarises lessons across 6 topics, Managed realignment design and assessment, ecological development schemes,


refAbstractLine:
scheme implementation costs, project management and communication.


refAbstractLine:
This is an update report for the Sediment Tracer Study which is looking at coastal sediment transport in the East Solent.


refAbstractLine:
The project uses a new tracer technique which uses radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology.


refAbstractLine:
how they respond to changes brought about through natural processes, engineering works


refAbstractLine:
This paper provides an overview of recent and on-going studies aimed at obtaining


refAbstractLine:
a better understanding of sand dune processes, the medium to long-term responses of dune systems


refAbstractLine:
to natural and anthropogenic forcing factors, the options available for future management strategies


refAbstractLine:
which meet the requirements of coastal erosion and flood risk management within a wider context.


refAbstractLine:
Where there was sufficient information, some sections consider sedimentary processes, sedimentation, sediment transport


refAbstractLine:
and salient bedforms and seabed morphology in offshore zone. Each unit section is accompanied by a symbolised


refAbstractLine:
map and a selection of annotated ground and oblique aerial photographs. Accessible from SCOPAC website.


refAbstractLine:
A comprehensive literature based review and analysis of all aspects of the imputes, throughputs (transport) and outputs


refAbstractLine:
(losses and deposition) of sediments in the intertidal, nearshore and beach backshore environments for a sequence


refAbstractLine:
of units mostly based on sediment transport and budget cells and sub-cells. Each unit narrative includes summaries


refAbstractLine:
of coastal hydrodynamics, geomorphological history ( including sea-level changes) and shoreline evolution, beach


refAbstractLine:
morphodynamics and sedimentology, coastal defence and habitat interface issues, opportunities for calculation


refAbstractLine:
and testing of littoral transport volumes and considers knowledge limitations. Recommendations for future monitoring


refAbstractLine:
are also briefly covered as a concluding section, followed by a listing of reference drawn from this database.


refAbstractLine:
The integration of climate change considerations into coastal management poses major challenges for decision makers.


refAbstractLine:
This case study undertaken in Christchurch Bay  examines local capacity for strategic response to climate risks,


refAbstractLine:
with particular focus on coastal defence. Analysis identifies specific disjuncture's between generic concerns over


refAbstractLine:
climate change and the adaptive capacity of local management institutions.


refAbstractLine:
This report provides  an overview of coastal processes that operate between East Head and Pagham Harbour,


refAbstractLine:
based on previously available information sources. Emphasis is on processes and aspects of historical evolution that are


refAbstractLine:
specially significant for the development of strategic defence policy.


refAbstractLine:
A narrative of historically recorded major coastal storm and surge events, as well as a more general account of the


refAbstractLine:
progressive impacts of erosion and excessive deposition. Relevant chapters are 8 ( The Sussex Coastal Plain) and 9


refAbstractLine:
( Selsey Bill to the Solent, and the Isle of Wight.)


refAbstractLine:
A summary of the purpose, compilation and utility of this Database, up to the completion of the third update and


refAbstractLine:
Excavation and findings from a site on the south-west slope of a south- facing cliff edge at Barne's  Chine


refAbstractLine:
Description and analysis of Iron Age deposits and artefacts exposed by a cliff fall in 1994 in the Ferruginous Sandstone


refAbstractLine:
exposed at Redcliff. There is brief consideration of the pattern and rates of shoreline recession at this site since


refAbstractLine:
A description of the character of the Eocene rocks and Quaternary drift deposits that outcrop around the harbour margins.


refAbstractLine:
profile of historical datasets with predictor. A method for defining the EBP from beach crest


refAbstractLine:
to the closure depth in the UK and Dubai is put forward.


refAbstractLine:
This paper describes a research project that has been conducted as part of the coastal habitat and management plans


refAbstractLine:
initiative (ChaMPs). The primary aim at this stage is to identify and quantify the salt marsh decline by mapping the


refAbstractLine:
changing extent of salt marsh coverage during the last 30 years.


refAbstractLine:
The results show a rapid decline in salt marsh habitat, with some areas showing a reduction of over half their


refAbstractLine:
existing salt marsh between 1971 to 2001.


refAbstractLine:
This paper examines 200 examples in England and Wales of 'set backs' (retreats) and 'set forwards' (sediment accumulate).


refAbstractLine:
This paper looks at the shallow water wave buoy network as part of the Southeast Strategic Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme


refAbstractLine:
This paper discusses a range of ground survey and remote sensing methods for surveying


refAbstractLine:
mixed beaches, methods of point collection in relation to the different methods, and subsequent interpolation to


refAbstractLine:
The case study refines the evolutionary picture of Chesil Beach and


refAbstractLine:
illustrates the importance of the subtle interplay between relative


refAbstractLine:
sea level and sediment supply in the evolution of a barrier system.


refAbstractLine:
Passive acoustic techniques have been used to measure shingle (gravel) sediment transport in very


refAbstractLine:
shallow water, near the wave breaking zone on a beach.


refAbstractLine:
The experiments were conducted at 1:1scale in the Large Wave Flume, Große Wellen Kanal at Hannover, Germany.


refAbstractLine:
The results of a series of 2DH numerical and 3D scaled physical modelling tests indicate that processes governing shoreline response to


refAbstractLine:
submerged structures, such as artificial surfing reefs, are different from those associated with emergent offshore breakwaters.


refAbstractLine:
Unlike the case of emergent offshore breakwaters, where shoreline accretion (salient development) is expected under all structural/environmental conditions,


refAbstractLine:
the principal mode of shoreline response to submerged structures can vary between erosive and accretive, depending on the offshore distance to the


refAbstractLine:
structure. The predominant wave incidence angle and structure crest level also have important implications on the magnitude of shoreline


refAbstractLine:
response, but not on the mode of shoreline response (i.e. erosion vs. accretion). Based on the results obtained here, a predictive empirical


refAbstractLine:
relationship is proposed as a preliminary engineering tool to assess shoreline response to submerged structures.


refAbstractLine:
The most dominant of the preferred bedding plane surfaces of shearing in the Eocene Barton Clay coastal cliffs


refAbstractLine:
is near the base of the D zone, which is utilised throughout its 2.3km outcrop from near the cliff top to the beach level.


refAbstractLine:
this shear zone is slightly more clay- rich and has a marginally lower residual shear strength than the ambient D zone clay.


refAbstractLine:
Main displacement appears to result from lateral rebound response to coastal recession, which initiates progressive


refAbstractLine:
Describes the application of a 3-D slope analysis using Hunger's Method of Columns to a small, active landslide


refAbstractLine:
subject to strong basal wave-induced erosion and relatively rapid coastline retreat in the Wealden strata on the


refAbstractLine:
western coast of the Isle of Wight. The basal surface follows a bedding plane, and the shape of the slide mass


refAbstractLine:
is controlled by the form of the basal shear; however, the effect of the embayment in which it is located


refAbstractLine:
prevents this slide moving in the direction of the steepest strata dip.


refAbstractLine:
Provides a brief summary of a conceptual model developed as part of a wider range of studies in support of a proposed


refAbstractLine:
new container terminal within the estuary. Focus on the synthesis of conclusions and presentation of results. The


refAbstractLine:
components summarised are: development proposal, estuary characterisation, synthesis of study findings, summary


refAbstractLine:
of changes over time and illustration of important behavioural characteristics.


refAbstractLine:
Residents' perceptions of coastal flood risk and its management at Emsworth have been analysed using a mail survey.


refAbstractLine:
Research findings indicate an apparent complacency of attitudes over flooding. The need for more effective, simpler


refAbstractLine:
communication along with more publicity from Operating Authorities regarding coastal flood risk was apparent.


refAbstractLine:
This report aims to provide an analysis and interpretation of changes occurring along the beach and foreshore of the


refAbstractLine:
West Wittering and East Head frontage. It is concerned primarily with the period August 2004 to August 2006,


refAbstractLine:
but includes comparisons with earlier studies to place results within a wider spatial and temporal context.


refAbstractLine:
Its objectives are: (1) identify the main changes occurring to the beach and foreshore,


refAbstractLine:
(2) Attempt to provide explanations for the changes occurring, including interpretations where possible, of the sediment


refAbstractLine:
transport likely to be occurring; (3) comment upon potential implications for on-going and future monitoring and management.


refAbstractLine:
In recent years, East Head has continued to accrete at its head, but has also suffered increased erosion of the


refAbstractLine:
landward end of the spit. This had led to remedial works including the construction of a rock revetment 'spine' at the


refAbstractLine:
rear end of the spit. The increased erosion has led to concerns that breaching of the spit may occur.


refAbstractLine:
Description and analysis of partial excavation of the earliest structure to confine the small town of Brading.


refAbstractLine:
Reports on a "causeway" structure between Green Island and the mainland, which might represent the remains of


refAbstractLine:
piers defining the position of a former port of mid Iron Age date. From this might be inferred the approximate position


refAbstractLine:
Using rectified stereo aerial photographic images of the Solent and its tributary harbours, 1970-2001, a rapid decline of the extent of the salt marsh habitat is apparent. A reduction


refAbstractLine:
of in excess of 50% of area is recorded for some areas, particularly in the Western Solent. The principal theories relating to this decline are reviewed,


refAbstractLine:
Changing beach levels have been monitored by undertaking a series of GPS surveys of the threatened area.


refAbstractLine:
The report recommends that monitoring needs to be continued as a priority.


refAbstractLine:
A brief historical review of coastline recession along the West Sussex coastline together with a critique- from the


refAbstractLine:
Field investigations were undertaken to identify the mechanisms of fine-sediment transport at a landward limit of Pagham


refAbstractLine:
Harbour. Measurements of water level, velocity, salinity, and turbidity were made during three tidal cycles between June


refAbstractLine:
and August 2002. Near-bed measurements revealed that, for spring tides, the most significant transport occurs


refAbstractLine:
during the flood tide. Vertical profiling revealed that the timing of these discharges acts as a control on the landward


refAbstractLine:
transport of fine sediment by increasing salinity stratification. The resulting graphs show that, while increased near-bed


refAbstractLine:
velocity leads to increased turbidity and sediment transport, the degree of vertical salinity gradient is also linked


refAbstractLine:
with landward transport of fine sediment. These results help to explain the role of tides and fresh-water flow controlling


refAbstractLine:
Detailed measurements of cliff retreat and shore platform downwearing made from surveyed map data are combined


refAbstractLine:
with digital elevation models to calculate the losses of chalk cliff over the past 124 years.


refAbstractLine:
This paper examines sea levels (excluding waves) have changed in the twentieth century at 16 sites around the English


refAbstractLine:
Channel. Extreme sea levels were found to have increased at all 16 sites. Potential future changes in extreme high


refAbstractLine:
sea levels throughout the 21 century are estimated for 9 UK south coast sites using 2009 projections from UK climate


refAbstractLine:
The paper describes an innovative technique using coupled video imagining and numerical modelling to study the


refAbstractLine:
relative importance of the driving forces that control the sandbar dynamics at the complex Teignmouth inlet system.


refAbstractLine:
Quantitative risk assessment has been undertaken to demonstrate the economic viability of different landslide


refAbstractLine:
management strategies for the Ventor Undercliff, Isle of Wight. An expert panel was convened to make judgements


refAbstractLine:
about the likelihood of different landslides scenarios and their impacts. The QRA was directed towards


refAbstractLine:
The area of interest for this Beach Management Plan (BMP) is at the south-eastern end of Chesil


refAbstractLine:
Beach from Chiswell at Portland to opposite Small Mouth behind which is an area of low-lying,


refAbstractLine:
extensively developed land that is at risk of flooding.


refAbstractLine:
The Coastal Handbook is a technical guide for all operating authorities on the


refAbstractLine:
coast. It is intended to act as a reference point so each chapter starts with a


refAbstractLine:
short summary and three key ‘must remember’ points to help the reader.


refAbstractLine:
The Pagham to East Head Coastal Defence Strategy (the Strategy) identifies the strategic flood and erosion risk


refAbstractLine:
This Policy Statement sets out the principles that should guide decision making on the sustainable


refAbstractLine:
management of flood and coastal erosion risk in England.


refAbstractLine:
This report presents two years of change, namely from March 2003 to March 2004 and from March 2004 to April 2005.


refAbstractLine:
This report presents three years of change, namely from April 2005 to April 2006 and from March 2003 to April 2006.


refAbstractLine:
This report presents changes during this most recent year, March 2007 to January 2008, as well as the period from


refAbstractLine:
This report presents changes during this most recent year January 2008 to January 2009, as well as the period from


refAbstractLine:
This Beach Management Plan Report provides a detailed analysis of beach changes


refAbstractLine:
and wave and tidal measurements since the commencement of the Strategic Regional


refAbstractLine:
This Beach Management Plan (BMP) report provides a detailed analytical overview of


refAbstractLine:
beach changes, wave and tidal measurements since the commencement of the


refAbstractLine:
Strategic Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme in 2003.


refAbstractLine:
The Beach Management Plan (BMP) topographic surveys have been analysed to


refAbstractLine:
examine beach changes that have occurred since the last BMP report between July


refAbstractLine:
2010 and June 2011. The analysis takes into account natural change as well as human induced change.


refAbstractLine:
This report is a review of the condition of the 4d Coastal Cell (Beachy Head to Selsey


refAbstractLine:
Bill) based a compilation of survey data collected since the commencement of the


refAbstractLine:
Southeast Strategic Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme in March 2003.


refAbstractLine:
Includes long-term trends in erosion and accretion of beach material volumes, difference model maps for cliffed


refAbstractLine:
This Annual Report provides an overview of beach changes and wave and tidal


refAbstractLine:
measurements for ‘Coastal Process Sub-Cell 4d’ since the commencement of the


refAbstractLine:
Strategic Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme (SRCMP) in 2003.


refAbstractLine:
Report includes beach profile data, trend analysis of beach cross-section area, wave data and tide data.


refAbstractLine:
Summary, with comments, of research by McInnes of the use of paintings, 1770-1920,in reconstruction of coastline change


refAbstractLine:
Brief description of Chesil as a barrier beach and a short narrative of extreme storm surges and ocean swell events,


refAbstractLine:
followed by an account of the1988 sea defence scheme and its 1995 extension.


refAbstractLine:
Reconstruction of the palaeogeomorphology and palaeoenvironmental evolution of the offshore extension of the


refAbstractLine:
River Arun during periods of lower sea-level in the mid to late Quaternary. The morphology of the valley system


refAbstractLine:
and details of the stratigraphy of the infilling sediments are given, with an assessment of the archaeological resource


refAbstractLine:
potential of the submerged sea floor of this area of the inner continental shelf.


refAbstractLine:
A critical review of changes occurring on the intertidal and subtidal foreshore in the vicinity of Wootton Creek ferry


refAbstractLine:
approach channel since 1946. Analyses of intertidal profiles reveal complex patterns of erosion and accretion, but


refAbstractLine:
relatively few areas where lowering was consistently greater than anticipated natural erosion trend.


refAbstractLine:
between mixed beach and the subtidal zone; that the pattern of sediment movement is similar independent of


refAbstractLine:
groyne spacing and type but the magnitude of change is dependent on groyne spacing.


refAbstractLine:
Rock groynes were permeable to gravel at average rates of 0.5 to 1.1m3/ day. It is suggested


refAbstractLine:
that nearly 50% of recharge material is in excess of that needed, requiring some revision of prediction inputs into design.


refAbstractLine:
Volume 1 covers he background of coastal protection at this site, project objectives, appraisal of options and project


refAbstractLine:
plan in terms of preferred option. The latter is fully appraised in terms of benefits and considers environmental


refAbstractLine:
and mitigation measures, and a risk assessment. The Appendices in vol 2 include the history of the Duver


refAbstractLine:
and reasons for the development of this scheme; extreme water levels and wave heights; salinity data; environmental


refAbstractLine:
This website is devoted to the geology of the ''Wessex Coast', authored largely by Dr Ian West.


refAbstractLine:
It is divided into discrete, consecutive geologically or morphologically delimited sections from Dawlish Warren to Brighton.


refAbstractLine:
Each section provides details on structure, rock lithology stratigraphy, palaeontology and geomorphology; other details


refAbstractLine:
such as mineralogy and the exploitation of surface and subsurface geological resources- past and present.


refAbstractLine:
Contemporary coastal defences are frequently referred to. Each section concludes with an exhaustive and


refAbstractLine:
annotated bibliography and is accompanied by numerous ground based and aerial photographs, figures and diagrams.


refAbstractLine:
Covers policies and planned actions, implementation, monitoring, review and research. Policy 10 is concerned


refAbstractLine:
with Coastal Defence and Sea Level Rise (pp54-57), addressing issues of climate change, predicted sea-level rise,


refAbstractLine:
coastal squeeze and habitat loss, the maintenance of defences and the potential for managed realignment.


refAbstractLine:
Identifies issues raised at the Consultation Workshop in 2008, the main one of which


refAbstractLine:
was the preservation of East Head. Annual Reviews are published, the relevant section of which is Coastal Change.


refAbstractLine:
The study considers the relationship between die-back of Spartina anglica C.E. Hubbard and metal concentrations


refAbstractLine:
in estuarine sediment in Poole Harbour. No obvious impact could be detected, although the remaining patches of


refAbstractLine:
S.anglica still retain elevated concentrations and the overall cadmium concentrations in the sediments have risen since


refAbstractLine:
This report has been produced in response to concerns about the loss of material


refAbstractLine:
from the spit, especially during stormy weather.


refAbstractLine:
Analysis presented in this interim report provides an overview of beach changes since 2000,


refAbstractLine:
based partially on historic data collected by Royal Haskoning. Historic lidar data collected by


refAbstractLine:
the Environment Agency has also been used together with wave measurements since the


refAbstractLine:
commencement of the Southwest Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme.


refAbstractLine:
This report provides a review of information contained in coastal strategies about the preferred policies for frontages,


refAbstractLine:
information about intended future management activities and information about past and intended future dredging.


refAbstractLine:
Shore platform erosion is considered to be a driving mechanism for cliff


refAbstractLine:
recession on many rocky coasts and a threat to the stability of cliff defence structures


refAbstractLine:
yet the spatial pattern of platform erosion n, as well as the rate of lowering, is


refAbstractLine:
poorly documented. Measurements based on techniques such as the Micro-Erosion


refAbstractLine:
Meter or portable laser scanner, though highly accurate for short time scales and


refAbstractLine:
specific locations, are difficult to extrapolate in space and time. They also fail to


refAbstractLine:
measure meso-scale changes such as block removal. This chapter describes and


refAbstractLine:
illustrates a photogrammetric method of quantifying spatial and temporal changes on shore platforms.


refAbstractLine:
This paper summarises the main results from the Defra/EA R&D project Understanding the Lowering


refAbstractLine:
of erosion. The present paper investigates changes in the position of the tide lines in Southeast England as measured


refAbstractLine:
from historic and modern maps. The changes can be partly explained by sea-level rise and shore platform erosion,


refAbstractLine:
but appear to be due mainly to systematic errors associated with the map sources. Comparison of the positional


refAbstractLine:
change of tide lines along the 170 km of chalk coast from East Sussex to the Isle of Thanet suggests that evidence


refAbstractLine:
for large-scale foreshore narrowing is meagre. The most likely scenario is one of parallel profile retreat resulting from


refAbstractLine:
natural processes such as relative sea-level rise.


refAbstractLine:
This paper analyses erosion patterns along a 2.5km concrete seawall and links these to water levels and the presence


refAbstractLine:
Shore platforms frequently exhibit steps or risers facing seaward, landwards or obliquely across-shore. A combination


refAbstractLine:
of soft copy photogrammetry, ortho-rectification, geo referencing and field measurement of step height are linked in a GIS


refAbstractLine:
environment to measure step retreat on chalk shore platforms at sample sites in the south of England over two periods, 1973–2001,


refAbstractLine:
2001–2007. The methods used allow for the identification, delineation and measurement of historic change at high spatial


refAbstractLine:
resolution. The results suggest that while erosion of chalk shore platforms by step backwearing is highly variable, it appears to be


refAbstractLine:
of similar magnitude to surface downwearing of the same platforms measured by micro-erosion meters (MEMs) and laser scanning,


refAbstractLine:
in a range equivalent to 0·0006 – 0·0050 m/y of surface downwearing. This equates to annual chalk volume loss from the


refAbstractLine:
platforms, by the two erosion processes combined, of between 0·0012 m3 m-2 and 0·0100 m3 m-2. Results from the more recent


refAbstractLine:
years’ data suggests that step retreat has variability in both space and time which does not relate solely to climatic variability. The


refAbstractLine:
results must be viewed with caution until much larger numbers of measurements have been made of both downwearing and step


refAbstractLine:
erosion at higher spatial and temporal resolution.


refAbstractLine:
This report sets out the main findings of the 2008 National Flood Risk Assessment and places particular emphasis


refAbstractLine:
on the role played by the Environment Agency in tackling the risk of flooding from rivers and the sea in England.


refAbstractLine:
This long-term investment strategy sets out the best available evidence on the choices the people of England face


refAbstractLine:
about how much should be invested in managing the increasing risk of flooding and coastal erosion, and how the


refAbstractLine:
Environment Agency should deliver a long-term programme of investment. The strategy does not assume that


refAbstractLine:
these investment needs will be funded by central government alone.


refAbstractLine:
This paper discusses the development of a National framework for regional coastal monitoring.


refAbstractLine:
Recent developments provide a means of defining the estuary form based on external or pre-defined


refAbstractLine:
parameters such as tidal range, river discharge, valley length, nature of the valley bed and the type of


refAbstractLine:
sediments available as a supply.  This was found to provide a reasonable representation of UK


refAbstractLine:
estuaries for properties such as surface area and volume at mean tide level but a much poorer


refAbstractLine:
representation of areas and volumes of the low water channel and the tidal flats.  The inclusion of an


refAbstractLine:
idealised representation of the equilibrium profile generated by wave action was found to significantly


refAbstractLine:
improve the predictive power of the model when compared to the properties of 64 UK estuaries.


refAbstractLine:
The shoreline for this study extends from the eastern edge of the Cuckmere Haven flood plain


refAbstractLine:
to Redoubt Gardens in Eastbourne; a distance of approximately 14 km.


refAbstractLine:
The report includes appendices including SEA, existing defences, technical options and costs.


refAbstractLine:
The Brighton to Saltdean Strategy Study provides a strategic framework of preferred policies for the


refAbstractLine:
coastal defence of the study area over the next 50 years, i.e. up to the year 2051.


refAbstractLine:
The coastal defence strategy area extends from Brighton Marina in the west to Saltdean in the east.


refAbstractLine:
This document sets out the strategic planning of tidal and coastal defences for the next 50 years for:


refAbstractLine:
(1) The coastline between the eastern breakwater of Brighton Marina and the mouth of the River Adur;


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(2) Brighton Marina; (3) The eastern bank of the River Adur, from its mouth to the A27 flyover


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(4) The ‘locked’ section of Shoreham Port. This is the overview report and is accompanied by technical reports covering existing defences, physical environment


refAbstractLine:
Technical options, SEA and economic appraisal.


refAbstractLine:
This strategy covers the coastline between the River Arun at Littlehampton and the River Adur at Shoreham.


refAbstractLine:
The report includes defence options and Environment report (SEA).


refAbstractLine:
The purpose of the Strategy is to provide an implementation plan for flood and erosion


refAbstractLine:
risk management for the Strategy area, over the next 100 years.


refAbstractLine:
The Strategy area covers the West Sussex coast from the western bank of the River


refAbstractLine:
Arun to the boundary between Pagham and Aldwick in the west and up the River Arun to the Ford railway bridge.


refAbstractLine:
The report includes defence options, coastal process report, Environmental report (SEA) and Economic appraisal.


refAbstractLine:
The primary objective of the present study is to develop a sustainable coastal defence scheme


refAbstractLine:
for managing coastal erosion and flooding risks along the Eastoke Point frontage of Hayling Island.


refAbstractLine:
The study includes coastal process assessment, survey of current defences, environmental baseline,


refAbstractLine:
flood risk assessment, coastal defence options, economics appraisal.


refAbstractLine:
This report is an addendum to the Portsea Island Coastal Strategy Study Numerical Modelling Report, Halcrow 2009.


refAbstractLine:
Appraisal Report needed to apply for central government funding for a coastal defence scheme.


refAbstractLine:
This annual report contains the results of the statistical analysis of quality-controlled wave data for 2005.


refAbstractLine:
This annual report contains the results of the statistical analysis of quality-controlled wave data for 2006.


refAbstractLine:
This annual report contains the results of the statistical analysis of quality-controlled wave data for 2007.


refAbstractLine:
This annual report contains the results of the statistical analysis of quality-controlled wave data for 2008.


refAbstractLine:
This annual report contains the results of the statistical analysis of quality-controlled wave data for 2009.


refAbstractLine:
This annual report contains the results of the statistical analysis of quality-controlled wave data for 2010.


refAbstractLine:
This report presents how aerial photography interpretation can be used as a


refAbstractLine:
method for analysing change in saltmarsh extent. Pagham Harbour, Langstone


refAbstractLine:
Harbour and the West Solent have been used as case studies from the Solent


refAbstractLine:
Dynamic Coast Project, to illustrate how the methodology can satisfy the Water


refAbstractLine:
Report summarizes historical aerial photography of Chichester Harbour to identify any change relating to


refAbstractLine:
Report summarizes historical aerial photography of Pagham Harbour to identify any change relating to


refAbstractLine:
Report summarizes historical aerial photography of Portsmouth Harbour to identify any change relating to


refAbstractLine:
Analysis presented in this report provides an overview of beach changes and wave and tidal


refAbstractLine:
measurements since the commencement of the Southwest Strategic Regional Coastal Monitoring


refAbstractLine:
Programme. The first beach surveys took place during the spring of 2007 and changes are


refAbstractLine:
measurements since the commencement of the Southwest Strategic Regional Coastal


refAbstractLine:
Monitoring Programme. The first beach surveys took place during the spring of 2007 and


refAbstractLine:
but no definite conclusions can be drawn until further more detailed and site specific research is undertaken.


refAbstractLine:
A bilingual text that provides a comprehensive treatment of the littoral environments of the opposing shorelines of southern England and northern


refAbstractLine:
France in the context of the overall "unity" of the English Channel. Emphasis is on historical evolution and contemporary social and economic


refAbstractLine:
activity, with short sections devoted to the two different coastal zone and shoreline management approaches.


refAbstractLine:
Analysis and interpretation of changes affecting the beach and foreshore,  August 2004 to October 2010, between


refAbstractLine:
West Wittering and Cakeham (including East Head). An  attempt at explanation for the reasons for change -e.g.


refAbstractLine:
backshore sand accumulation at Cakeham-is provided, together with comments on aspects of  on-going and future


refAbstractLine:
A method is proposed  for assessing the impact of rising sea-level on estuarine water bodies upstream of tidal flap gates.


refAbstractLine:
For  one channel site in Pagham Harbour, water level data were collected at 15 minute intervals at three sites, and


refAbstractLine:
analysed to obtain values over each tidal cycle of maximum and minimum water levels downstream of the tidal flaps.


refAbstractLine:
A functional relationship in the form of a three dimensional plot was obtained for the length of time during which the


refAbstractLine:
tidal flap is closed during each tidal cycle; the sensitivity of local flooding to this latter parameter was determined.


refAbstractLine:
An estimate was made of the likely impact of a 300mm rise of sea- level  on the length of time the tidal flap is closed


refAbstractLine:
A major landslide at Castlehaven occurred during the winter of 1994/5 as a result of reactivation of a pre-existing slide.


refAbstractLine:
The site lies within the Undercliff complex, where there is a strong relationship between landslide movement, groundwater levels and 4 month antecedent effective rainfall. Remedial


refAbstractLine:
measures included siphon and electropneumatic wells- both used in the UK for the first time- to reduce winter ground-


refAbstractLine:
water levels and thus protect environmental assets. Measures were considered sufficiently robust in the context of


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climate change (particularly increased storminess) and sea-level rise.


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The study assesses the importance of the swash zone as a potential contributor to the longshore and cross-shore transport.


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on steep coarse-grained beaches. The study includes field sites at Shoreham on Sea and Lancing.


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In this paper a review of longshore sediment transport equations is presented, concentrating on formulae which can be applied


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Field experiments include Studland and Witterings, designed to investigate proportions of bedload and suspended load.


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The ratio of bedload to suspended sediment load in the swash zone is examined in both swash and backswash on four beaches by measuring the amounts in a sediment trap.


refAbstractLine:
Water table fluctuations in beaches are controlled principally by tides and waves (including setrun and runup), although


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it is possible that on some beaches rainfall has a measureable impact on water table behaviour.


refAbstractLine:
In this paper we focus on the prediction of water tables in beaches in response to tidal and wave forcing.


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This paper examines the effects of groundwater flow within the swash zone and its important role in the dynamics


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of the intertidal zone. Field measurements were made at Sandford Cliffs, Poole.


refAbstractLine:
of sand with them, or by asymmetries in the wave motion that result in a net drift of sand.


refAbstractLine:
This scoping report provides a detailed appraisal of previous research in the


refAbstractLine:
field of cohesive shore platform weathering and erosion. It examines how these


refAbstractLine:
processes may affect the sustainability of the adjoining beaches, the evolution


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of any backing cliffs, and their influence on sediment budgets.


refAbstractLine:
This technical report presents a review of international developments in


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probabilistic flood forecasting, and the findings from an extensive consultation


refAbstractLine:
exercise with Environment Agency flood forecasting and flood warning staff on


refAbstractLine:
potential applications of this technique.


refAbstractLine:
The objective of this project was to develop, test and disseminate a robust and


refAbstractLine:
consistent probabilistic method for assessing the hazard and risk of coastal


refAbstractLine:
This report assesses the possible changes in coastal defence vulnerability (to overtopping or erosion)


refAbstractLine:
caused by global climate change over the next 75 years. The effects of climate change on waves and water levels


refAbstractLine:
were estimated using two thirty-year time slice simulations of a global climate model.


refAbstractLine:
The results were used to estimate changes in coastal defence vulnerability due to


refAbstractLine:
climate change at five test regions around the English and Welsh coastline.


refAbstractLine:
This project has sought to identify a wide range of possible Environmental Change


refAbstractLine:
Indicators (ECIs) for England and Wales related to flood; to locate data series over


refAbstractLine:
sufficiently long periods to make the ECI calculations valid, to produce a small number


refAbstractLine:
of pilot indicators, and to discuss their implications for future use and expansion.


refAbstractLine:
This report scopes the state-of-the-art understanding of barrier beaches.


refAbstractLine:
Barrier beaches around the UK are important, not only in terms of defences


refAbstractLine:
against flooding but also in their own right as important coastal geomorphological features.


refAbstractLine:
The report includes new information on the behaviour of beaches in front of coastal defence structures at a range of


refAbstractLine:
time and space scales. This will enable better informed decisions to be made about data collection, monitoring and


refAbstractLine:
This project on probabilistic coastal flood forecasting ran from March 2006 to December 2008.


refAbstractLine:
The project set out to develop and evaluate probabilistic methods for surge, nearshore


refAbstractLine:
wave and coastal flood forecasting in England and Wales. The main features that


refAbstractLine:
distinguish these methods from existing practice are in the use of hydraulic models


refAbstractLine:
extending from offshore, through the nearshore and surf zones, to action at coastal defences.


refAbstractLine:
This report provides a high level overview of sustainable flood risk management for policy makers,


refAbstractLine:
flood and coastal engineers, environmental scientists and planners.


refAbstractLine:
The case study process provides a vehicle for practical testing of the processes


refAbstractLine:
The paper outlines the conception and execution of the £18 million harbour improvement and coastal defence


refAbstractLine:
scheme for West Bay near Bridport in Dorset (UK).


refAbstractLine:
This paper introduces the results of a recently completed programme of research into the dependence


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between flood risk variables in the UK, intended to increase the take-up and reliability of joint


refAbstractLine:
probability methods within flood risk analysis and defence design.


refAbstractLine:
This paper describes the outcomes of Defra project FD2116 which has developed a framework for


refAbstractLine:
Expert Geomorphological Assessment (EGA) including the systematic development of conceptual


refAbstractLine:
models of estuarine systems which can form one basis for prediction.


refAbstractLine:
This Beach Management Plan sets out the strategy for monitoring and intervention to maintain the beach


refAbstractLine:
which provides an integral part of the sea defences at Preston Beach, Weymouth.


refAbstractLine:
Beach Management Plan for Chesil Beach, Dorset. The report includes supporting information on wave climate, extreme wave and water levels,


refAbstractLine:
climate change, sediment transport and environmental information.


refAbstractLine:
due to previous lack of high quality data. A risk -based approach to development of programme design, implementation and analysis is discussed.


refAbstractLine:
The morphodynamic response of a mixed gravel and sand barrier is considered, by reference to storm conditions of varying


refAbstractLine:
magnitude, and under differing management regimes. Observations focus on evolution of


refAbstractLine:
The cross-shore profile response of shingle barrier beaches to storm waves are investigated with the aid of


refAbstractLine:
random wave studies in a 3-dimensional mobile bed physical model, and by full-scale field measurements of shingle


refAbstractLine:
beaches to storm action. The investigations focus upon crest evolution of barrier beach profiles and conditions


refAbstractLine:
giving rise to overwashing and overtopping of the unconfined beach crest. Physical model data are validated and predictive methods verified for a limited


refAbstractLine:
range of conditions, using field measurements made during the following extreme events on Hurst Spit.


refAbstractLine:
This paper describes research undertaken in a large Delta flume facility in Netherlands in 2008.


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The first beach surveys took place during the winter of 2003 and changes are reported until spring 2010.


refAbstractLine:
The Marine Monitoring Handbook provides advice on monitoring marine Special Areas of Conservation to assess


refAbstractLine:
their condition in accordance with the requirements of the Habitats Directive and UK common standards for monitoring.


refAbstractLine:
Shingle transport in the surf zone can be characterised by the acoustic spectrum generated by shingle particles in motion


refAbstractLine:
(Self Generated Noise), which is measured by a hydrophone. Individual phases of onshore and offshore transport


refAbstractLine:
can be identified, together with the duration of transport.


refAbstractLine:
This paper describes field measurements of near-surface hydraulic gradients within a sandy beach during individual swash cycles.


refAbstractLine:
The field measurements were made at Canford Cliffs, Poole.


refAbstractLine:
The EstProc project is a 3 year research project focusing on estuarine hydrodynamics, sediments and biology and their interactions.


refAbstractLine:
The paper demonstrates the benefits of digital photogrammetry and use of GIS by illustration of a quantitative cliff


refAbstractLine:
behaviour assessment of the Barton-on-Sea frontage.


refAbstractLine:
The projects aims were to improve the understanding of processes and responses for beaches with widely graded sediments and to develop


refAbstractLine:
The aim of the research was to investigate the hydro- morpho- and hydrodynamics of a


refAbstractLine:
This new manual is more than a revision of existing documents. It contains a summary of best practice on the use of rock


refAbstractLine:
in engineering works for rivers, coasts and seas and incorporates all the significant advances in knowledge that have occurred over the past


refAbstractLine:
A new shingle beach and seawall was designed to defend the coast road and low-lying land behind it at Preston Beach,


refAbstractLine:
Weymouth. This report was commissioned by the Environment Agency to investigate a problem with the works and develop


refAbstractLine:
potential solutions to find generic options to take forward to the scheme appraisal. The report includes numerical modelling


refAbstractLine:
of the present sea defences. The report includes Annex F an environmental assessment.


refAbstractLine:
The report includes 4 separate Technical Notes 1- 4, concerning the standard of protection and risk of flooding at West Bay, Dorset.


refAbstractLine:
Appendix 1- East Beach, Appendix 2 West Beach, Appendix 3 River Brit defences & Appendix 4 Flood risk assessment.


refAbstractLine:
This report forms part of the Poole Bay & Harbour Strategy, which defines methods by which coastal defence of


refAbstractLine:
the Hengistbury Head to Durlston Head (including Poole Harbour) should be managed in the next 50 years.


refAbstractLine:
The Annexes include coastal conditions- wave modelling, water levels and joint probability of extreme waves and water levels.


refAbstractLine:
This report presents the findings of a site investigation and computer modelling of the main channel entrance to Poole Harbour


refAbstractLine:
known as the Swash Channel. This report is intended to inform the Poole Bay and Harbour Coastal Group of


refAbstractLine:
the quality and quantity of sediments available and the effect of the change in the


refAbstractLine:
bed-form of the Swash Channel on tidal flows and future channel evolution as a result of the dredging.


refAbstractLine:
Sediment sampling for Preston Beach, Weymouth.


refAbstractLine:
The purpose of this report is to support an application for Flood Defence Grant in Aid (FDGiA) funding to


refAbstractLine:
carry out emergency works at West Beach, Hayling Island. The report includes information on the history of coastal erosion and flooding.


refAbstractLine:
Techniques used to assess coastal process evolution over a temporal range of up 100 years


refAbstractLine:
are presented for application in strategic regional studies in the UK. Coastal flood and erosion


refAbstractLine:
risk assessment methods are evaluated, for use in the development of long term Shoreline


refAbstractLine:
Management Plans. Applications are described for sites on the south coast of England that


refAbstractLine:
identify both flood and erosion risks to communities, over a period of 100 years. Extensive


refAbstractLine:
use of data from a regional coastal monitoring programme is used to support development of


refAbstractLine:
the coastal evolution and risk assessment techniques. A range of technical difficulties and


refAbstractLine:
limitations of the approaches are highlighted.


refAbstractLine:
monitoring programme and the data are included with this report.


refAbstractLine:
The first beach surveys took place during the winter of 2003 and changes are reported until spring 2011.


refAbstractLine:
The first beach surveys took place during the winter of 2003 and changes are reported until spring 2009.


refAbstractLine:
The first beach surveys took place during the winter of 2003 and changes are reported until spring 2008.


refAbstractLine:
The first beach surveys took place during the winter of 2003 and changes are reported until spring 2007.


refAbstractLine:
The first beach surveys took place during the winter of 2003 and changes are reported until spring 2006.


refAbstractLine:
The first beach surveys took place during the winter of 2003 and changes are reported until spring 2005.


refAbstractLine:
21 Beach Management documents together with information about 16 frontages with


refAbstractLine:
ad-hoc activities have been reviewed for Southeast England (in total 37 management sites),


refAbstractLine:
covering ~140km with both length and number roughly divided between Local Authorities and EA


refAbstractLine:
of Beaches in front of Coastal Defence Structures, Stage 2 (FD1927). Evidence has been presented


refAbstractLine:
showing beach lowering and recovery happening over a range of timescales. In particular, beach


refAbstractLine:
levels have been shown to drop and recover close to their original levels within a tidal cycle.


refAbstractLine:
The paper describes the need to off set the loss of intertidal habitats from coastal squeeze through managed realignment.


refAbstractLine:
It identifies possible managed realignment sites in the Solent and assesses the loss of intertidal habitats both historical


refAbstractLine:
The overall aim of the EUROSION service contract is to provide the European Commission with


refAbstractLine:
quantified evidence on coastal erosion in Europe, on the problems caused by it and on the


refAbstractLine:
successes and failures of mitigation measures.


refAbstractLine:
The project has several outputs and looks at coastal erosion in several locations in Europe.


refAbstractLine:
Large scale long term coastal monitoring programmes have been established within southern England, to provide


refAbstractLine:
a systematic approach to collection, management and analysis of data for strategic and operational


refAbstractLine:
management of coastal erosion and flood risk.


refAbstractLine:
A GIS-based approach has been used to assess existing and potential near-future coastal habitats under different


refAbstractLine:
sea-level rise scenarios. The most significant issues were related to intertidal saltmarsh and mudflat areas.


refAbstractLine:
Case study areas include Studland, Hurst to Lymington, Isle of Wight cliffs, Newtown Estuary, Hamble Estuary


refAbstractLine:
Hydraulic structures providing flood and costal protection facilitate economic development and converge with other


refAbstractLine:
infrastructure. Two projects, one on the south coast of the Isle of Wight, are examined in which acceptable risk levels are


refAbstractLine:
Proposes that a significant  flood event eroded a network of large valleys on the floor of the English Channel between


refAbstractLine:
Hurd Deep and Dover Strait using new high resolution sonar bathymetry maps that effectively resolve streamlined


refAbstractLine:
Using an east to west sequence of sites, describes variations of coastal morphology in relation to geological structure


refAbstractLine:
and rock lithology with particular reference to cliff and coastal slope forms and processes; nearshore and offshore seabed


refAbstractLine:
relief, and beach morphodynamics. The latter includes consideration of beach sedimentology and sediment


refAbstractLine:
budgets as well as aspects of management. This followed by a full but concise review of interpretations of the


refAbstractLine:
development of coastal morphology, especially platform (headland-bay) evolution; truncated coastal valleys; relations


refAbstractLine:
between sub aerial landforms and beach development, and beach sediment grading within essentially closed


refAbstractLine:
estimated the risk both under current conditions and in the future, taking account of the predicted changes in landslide


refAbstractLine:
Lidar and photogrammetry have both been evaluated for detecting short-term coastal change using the Black Ven


refAbstractLine:
mudslide, Dorset. From these tests the lidar has proved to be more accurate than photogrammetry for soft cliff monitoring.


refAbstractLine:
The Jurassic coast is England's only natural World heritage Site. It documents 190 million years of earth history and


refAbstractLine:
also a classical coastal geomorphological laboratory. It is a dynamic example of change at the ocean, atmosphere and


refAbstractLine:
land interface. It is now a leading demonstration site for World Heritage management.


refAbstractLine:
14 cliff sites are reviewed, each site is description including sites comparison  glacial deposits, reactivated post-glacial


refAbstractLine:
landslides and Jurassic and Cretaceous weak rock strata, has been stabilised using combination of different techniques.


refAbstractLine:
Methods of investigation and the approaches to the selection of the stabilisation techniques have been used at each


refAbstractLine:
The flow characteristics in three different vegetation types (Spartina maritima, Sp. Anglica and Salicornia sp/


refAbstractLine:
Suaeda maritima) were measured on three saltmarshes. Skimming flow develops above the Spartina canopy when


refAbstractLine:
the vegetation is fully submerged. In this situation, a low turbulence zone with nearly constant velocity in the denser


refAbstractLine:
canopy is separated from the skimming flow above by an interface characterized by high Reynolds stresses.


refAbstractLine:
For emergent Spartina canopies and the short Salicornia/Suaeda marsh, the maximal velocity-gradient is shifted upwards


refAbstractLine:
compared to a standard boundary layer over bare sediment and the turbulence is attenuated near the bed.


refAbstractLine:
A turbulence reduction near the bed was observed in all measured profiles: that should enhance sediment deposition.


refAbstractLine:
Observations are presented of salinity, suspended sediment concentration and velocity at one tidal limits of a


refAbstractLine:
semi-enclosed tidal lagoon in Pagham harbour. It is clear from the results obtained over a typical tidal cycle,


refAbstractLine:
the greatest vertical salinity gradients occur in the 1-2 h immediately after the onset of the flood tide and that


refAbstractLine:
subsequently, energetic mixing acts to rapidly break down this stratification. Observations of suspended sediment


refAbstractLine:
concentration vary widely even for similar tidal and fresh water flow conditions, revealing the possible influence


refAbstractLine:
of  wind speed, the storage effects of water in the lagoon downstream of the observation site and the complexity


refAbstractLine:
of the hydrodynamics downstream of the tidal flaps. These observations provide information about the


refAbstractLine:
appropriate techniques for managing sediments and pollutants.


refAbstractLine:
Field data of time-averaged suspended sediment concentration are presented from 3 different UK beaches and a variety


refAbstractLine:
of wave conditions. The data was collated into a single analysis to examine the mechanisms associated with sand


refAbstractLine:
200 set-back sites were identified in England and Wales, half on cliffed coasts. The terminal groyne effect theory


refAbstractLine:
was investigated on 17 sites on soft cliffs of Holderness, Christchurch Bay and north-east Norfolk.


refAbstractLine:
Historical shoreline analysis and a history of human intervention was undertaken for each study region and site.


refAbstractLine:
13 out of the 17, a terminal groyne effect appeared to have occurred.


refAbstractLine:
The last 400 million years of the geological history of Poole harbour and the region adjacent to it are reviewed.


refAbstractLine:
The geomorphology and sedimentation of Poole Harbour are poorly described although there are many localized studies


refAbstractLine:
within the harbour. Water levels changes, both within the archaeological time-scale and at the present, may result not only


refAbstractLine:
of eustatic and regional isostatic changes but also of the effects of changes in tidal prism. Variation in marsh, intertidal


refAbstractLine:
areas and beaches have had important effects on the ecology of the harbour. Further investigation is needed of the


refAbstractLine:
Between 1947 and 1993, 245 ha (38%) of saltmarsh was lost and 47 ha (63%) reedbed was gained.


refAbstractLine:
This report gives the results of a precise differential GPS survey of the markers. It describes the methods used and


refAbstractLine:
This Technical Review seeks to update the findings of the Pagham to East Head Coastal Defence Strategy in


refAbstractLine:
relation to changes in appraisal requirements in relation to flood and coastal defence. The report includes a


refAbstractLine:
Strategic Environmental Assessment and a full range of strategic options has been considered within the review.


refAbstractLine:
This document sets out the rationale, the methodology and detailed specification for a cause and effect study into


refAbstractLine:
the possible impacts of Wightlink ferries upon the European designated intertidal foreshore habitats.


refAbstractLine:
The methodology is explained and the specification given. Supporting information including maps and photos are provided.


refAbstractLine:
A comprehensive literature based review and analysis of all aspects of the inputs, throughputs (transport) and outputs


refAbstractLine:
of coastal hydrodynamics, geomorphological history (including sea-level changes) and shoreline evolution, beach


refAbstractLine:
experiences of hazard management, risk governance and response to climate change, and will be of


refAbstractLine:
interest to engineers, planners, practitioners, regional and local authorities, academics and politicians.


refAbstractLine:
The efforts to implement the concept of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) on the Isle of Wight are discussed.


refAbstractLine:
Coastal management includes the full realm of activities that take place in the coastal zone and seeks to achieve an


refAbstractLine:
integrated approach to planning in order to address the management problems that arise in the complex areas.


refAbstractLine:
The European Commission regards it as essential to implement environmentally sustainable, economically equitable,


refAbstractLine:
socially responsible and culturally sensitive management of coastal zones. The need for improved co-ordination


refAbstractLine:
of the actions taken by all the authorities concerned both at sea and on-land in terms of managing the land/sea


refAbstractLine:
The Ventnor Undercliff is an ancient landslide complex of marginal stability that is prone to ground movement and


refAbstractLine:
occasional landslide events. The impact of ground movement on property and services in the town has been significant


refAbstractLine:
in the past. Since 1995, the local authority has made a significant investment in continuous monitoring and analysis of


refAbstractLine:
weather and ground movement data at key sites amongst other landslide management initiatives. These data reveal


refAbstractLine:
strong relationships between antecedent rainfall, groundwater and ground movement rates, confirming that prolonged


refAbstractLine:
periods of heavy winter rainfall and excess groundwater levels are a fundamental control on landslide behaviour. Climate


refAbstractLine:
change projections over the next 100 years are expected to result in accelerated ground movement rates and more


refAbstractLine:
frequent landslide events in the Undercliff. The paper presents historical and new data to demonstrate the relationships


refAbstractLine:
between rainfall and ground movement, and uses these to predict the likely impacts of climate change on future


refAbstractLine:
The majority of investigations that have measured sediment properties related to intertidal sediment stability have been


refAbstractLine:
undertaken during daylight subaerial exposure periods. As a consequence, models based upon such data represent


refAbstractLine:
only partially the intertidal flat surface conditions within any 24h period. A comparison is made between surface sediment


refAbstractLine:
properties related to sediment stability measured during six consecutive (day/night), semi-diurnal subaerial exposure


refAbstractLine:
periods, at three stations on an intertidal sand flat in late March 1999. Seawater temperatures ranged from 4.1 to


refAbstractLine:
9.6deg.C and salinities from 33.9 to 34.8. Eleven parameters related to intertidal flat sediment stability were measured


refAbstractLine:
or derived. The results show a high degree of temporal and spatial variability between day and night time intertidal flat


refAbstractLine:
variables, the PCA differentiating clearly between day and night conditions.


refAbstractLine:
Coastal flooding and erosion is a key problem for coastal management, and is complicated by features arising from the


refAbstractLine:
combination of meteorological and morphological characteristics. Variability in the position and level of beaches


refAbstractLine:
introduces uncertainty in to predictions of coastal flood and erosion risks. In the present study the problem of the


refAbstractLine:
variability of the shoreline in an embayment was addressed. A simple but efficient statistical method to estimate the mean


refAbstractLine:
of a crenulated-shaped bay from its equilibrium shape is proposed with input as the wave climate. The mathematical


refAbstractLine:
modelling is based on ensemble averaging and an equilibrium bay shape model. In this work, the effects of the


refAbstractLine:
coefficients in the crenulated-shaped bay on the estimation are investigated in a sequence of problems of successive


refAbstractLine:
generality. As a specific example, the method has been applied to Christchurch Bay in the UK. The results indicate that


refAbstractLine:
the ensemble approach could provide an efficient means of estimating beach response to random wave conditions.


refAbstractLine:
The lithic record from the Solent River and its tributaries is re-examined in the light of recent interpretations about the


refAbstractLine:
changing demography of Britain during the Lower and early Middle Palaeolithic. Existing models of the terrace


refAbstractLine:
stratigraphies in the Solent and its tributary areas are reviewed and the corresponding archaeological record (specifically


refAbstractLine:
handaxes) for each terrace is assessed to provide models for the relative changes in human occupation through time.


refAbstractLine:
The Bournemouth area is studied in detail to examine the effects of quarrying and urbanisation on collection history and


refAbstractLine:
on the biases it introduces to the record. This record is compared and contrasted to that of from the Thames Valley.


refAbstractLine:
We have used fluvial (Solent River system) and marine terraces to reconstruct the uplift history of central southern


refAbstractLine:
England. In the case of the former, we make the assumption that fluvial incision has been a direct response to surface


refAbstractLine:
uplift, with its precise timing controlled by climatic forcing of fluvial activity, such that height of terrace gravel above


refAbstractLine:
modern river is a consequence of uplift since deposition. In the case of the marine sequence, we take the height of


refAbstractLine:
interglacial raised beaches above a calculated contemporaneous sea-level as a measure of uplift, the calculation


refAbstractLine:
involving an adjustment from modern sea-level using the deep oceanic oxygen isotope signal as an indication of global


refAbstractLine:
This short report answers query on the impact of 2006 climate change guidance on erosion and accretion in


refAbstractLine:
This report forms part of the Portsea Island Coastal Strategy and includes wave modelling,


refAbstractLine:
joint probability, hydrodynamic modelling and flood propagation modelling.


refAbstractLine:
This coastal process report forms part of the Portsea island coastal strategy and includes information on geology and geomorphology,


refAbstractLine:
coastal conditions and shoreline evolution of Portsea island and surrounding harbours.


refAbstractLine:
This report forms part of the Portsea Island coastal strategy.


refAbstractLine:
Halcrow’s Beach Plan Shape Model was used to predict the long-term response of the beach to wave action.


refAbstractLine:
This coastal study provides technical support for future coastal projects and schemes but is not called a coastal defence strategy.


refAbstractLine:
The study area lies along the north eastern shores of Southampton Water, comprises the River Itchen, Weston, Netley and River Hamble frontages.


refAbstractLine:
the report includes information on baseline coastal processes, geomorphological survey, environmental report


refAbstractLine:
The strategy area (or catchment) includes the Eastern Yar River, Bembridge Harbour, St Helens and the coast


refAbstractLine:
along the front of the Duver peninsula. The report includes Environmental report and consultation on policy options.


refAbstractLine:
A programme of field experiments has been conducted to ascertain the effect of small-scale bedforms


refAbstractLine:
(ripples) on nearshore sediment transport.


refAbstractLine:
Findings from application of Bradbury’s (1998) overwashing model at the Medmerry barrier, West Sussex are presented.


refAbstractLine:
The paper examines a coupled programme of nearshore wave measurement, wave hindcasting, and measurements


refAbstractLine:
of beach response to extreme storm events in the English Channel. Examination of the measured wave data


refAbstractLine:
in these events suggests that unexpected beach responses may be related to the spectral characteristics


refAbstractLine:
of the storm events. Wave conditions characterized by a bi-modal distribution of wave period appear to produce more


refAbstractLine:
damaging conditions than is suggested by empirical models, which are based only on integrated parameters.


refAbstractLine:
Remote sensing and GIS techniques are used to analyse historical changes to inter-tidal habitats


refAbstractLine:
within the Solent, UK. Data are analysed in context with the geomorphology, tidal regime, sediment


refAbstractLine:
ice volume at the time of deposition. The Solent has formed more than one single terrace per 100ka Milankovitch


refAbstractLine:
cycle, leading us to attribute terraces to isotopic substages, potentially improving upon the resolution available from


refAbstractLine:
sequences in which terraces formed once per cycle.


refAbstractLine:
The authors applied a depth averaged two-dimensional numerical model to simulate the water level induced by tides in


refAbstractLine:
the Southampton Water. The model is based on Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) and has been applied


refAbstractLine:
to reproduce tide-induced water elevations in the Southampton Water. The 'double high water' generated during


refAbstractLine:
flood tide is accurately predicted by numerical model applied here. In general, the numerically simulated water levels


refAbstractLine:
agree well with the available field observations.


refAbstractLine:
One of the largest refinery and petrochemical plants in the UK has been discharging its effluents in to the creek system


refAbstractLine:
of a Spartina anglica-dominated saltmarsh in Southampton Water since 1953. This resulted in extensive damage to the


refAbstractLine:
marsh system up to 1971. At that time, a program of effluent quality improvement commenced that has resulted first in


refAbstractLine:
recolonisation of small areas of damaged marsh followed by extensive recovery. Changes in the marsh vegetation have


refAbstractLine:
been studied first by transect surveys in 1969 and 1970 (to assess damage) and subsequently by twice-yearly


refAbstractLine:
vegetation mapping resurveys from 1972 to the present. This paper summarises the data from the 10 years of survey.


refAbstractLine:
The recovery/recolonisaton has continued progressively to the present day, with improvements in effluent quality clearly


refAbstractLine:
ASMITA (Aggregated Scale Morphological Interaction between Tidal basin and the Adjacent coast) is


refAbstractLine:
behaviour-oriented modelling approach which represents estuarine systems schematically. It was originally developed


refAbstractLine:
for 'classic' tidal inlets such as those found in the Dutch Wadden Sea and Venice lagoons, where schematisations of


refAbstractLine:
two or three interacting elements (e.g. flat, channel and possibly ebb-tidal delta) are appropriate. This paper presents


refAbstractLine:
results for two UK estuaries with differing morphologies and management histories - the Ribble Estuary and Southampton


refAbstractLine:
Water. The results demonstrate a possible generic methodology to test different schematisations using simple models to


refAbstractLine:
characterise estuarine morphodynamics as a preliminary stage of estuary assessment.


refAbstractLine:
Surface sediment properties related to cohesive sediment stability were measured over 8 consecutive day and night time


refAbstractLine:
emersion periods at three upper intertidal sites on a mudflat in August 2003, during the transition from spring to neap


refAbstractLine:
tides. Significant differences between day and night time critical erosion shear stress and chlorophyll were found. A high


refAbstractLine:
degree of temporal and spatial variability existed between the sediment properties. Results showed that sediments were


refAbstractLine:
more stable during the day than at night. The results of this study will be of use in time-dependent estuarine models.


refAbstractLine:
landforms underlying both Sandbanks and Studland dunes, as well as the responses of the intertidal areas and shore


refAbstractLine:
Notable features of Poole Harbour includes it double high water and small tidal range. Due to mixing of sea water


refAbstractLine:
and fresh water, surface salinity maxima and minima decrease while salinity range increases form the harbour entrance


refAbstractLine:
to is upper reaches. Assertations in the literature that Poole Harbour is a lagoon are examined in the context of its tidal


refAbstractLine:
and salinity regimes. It is concluded that it is sufficient in explanatory terms to regard the harbour as an estuary.


refAbstractLine:
In 2000 the Purbeck Biodiversity Reedbed Working Group commissioned a survey of the 13 most significant reedbeds


refAbstractLine:
within Poole Harbour, to assess their condition and conservation value. It concluded that most of the reedbeds


refAbstractLine:
The vegetation of the 423 ha of saltmarsh present within in Poole Harbour is described. The formation of saltmarsh is


refAbstractLine:
linked to the complex tidal regime and to the invasion of Spartina anglica. Three zones are defined, lower, middle,


refAbstractLine:
upper and the different plant communities are described. A summary of the rare and scarce plant species within the


refAbstractLine:
Spartina anglica is a grass of saltmarsh and mudflat and is a hybrid between native grass S.matima and a species


refAbstractLine:
introduced from north America. The chapter describes the rapid spread and decline of S anglica and its impact on populations of wading birds


refAbstractLine:
Predicting habitat change is essential to strategic  coastal planning for estuaries to demonstrate compliance with the


refAbstractLine:
Habitat regulations and to address its effects on hydrodynamics. Such predictions were made in the Poole Bay


refAbstractLine:
and harbour Strategy study. Historical trends in habitat change  were estimated in Poole harbour by interpreting


refAbstractLine:
georectified aerial photographs and mapping the extents of saltmarsh and reedbeds using GIS.


refAbstractLine:
Provides a statement of the role and purpose of CHaMPs, thereafter delimiting the Solent CHaMP area; reviewing


refAbstractLine:
coastal defence policy, specifically existing Solent CHaMP and their implications for habitats; scoping the


refAbstractLine:
assumptions involved in predicting future habitat changes over the next 100 years. Summaries are provided for overall


refAbstractLine:
change affecting designated subtidal, intertidal and co-adjacent terrestrial features, with Solent-wide analysis of


refAbstractLine:
change predicted affect saltmarsh, intertidal mud and sand flats, saline lagoons, vegetated shingle and coastal


refAbstractLine:
grazing marsh. Potential sites for new habitat creation are considered. Monitoring for each habitat is covered.


refAbstractLine:
The ultimate purpose of this research is to inform shoreline management policies in respect to habitat integrity in the


refAbstractLine:
context of national and European conservation designations.


refAbstractLine:
This report forms an assessment of the morphological evolution of Pagham Harbour and its associated spits, beach


refAbstractLine:
and tidal inlet. The assessment includes a Historical Analysis (HTA), Geomorphological Assessment (EGA), Tidal Prism


refAbstractLine:
Assessment (TPA) and Inlet Stability Analysis (ISA). The results are presented and will feed into wider assessment


refAbstractLine:
of other process based studies, modelling of storm wave overtopping, flood routing and a barrier beach analysis.


refAbstractLine:
The assessment on the morphological evolution of Pagham Harbour and its spits justifies an interventionist to the


refAbstractLine:
This case study is one of 7 carried out as part of the Defra funded R & D project Sustainability of Flood and Coastal


refAbstractLine:
Erosion Risk Management. It involved the assessment of the sustainability of the Brighton to Ovingdean Coast


refAbstractLine:
Protection Scheme and the strategy. The study reviewed the way in which material from existing defences


refAbstractLine:
were designed into new works, the value and sustainability of this approach, the issues and challenges faced and


refAbstractLine:
lessons learnt. The eco-print estimator was used to assess the environmental impact in terms of the materials used.


refAbstractLine:
The report covers the business case for the development of this strategy, which is principally concerned with choice


refAbstractLine:
of preferred options for the management of the shoreline over 25, 50 and 100 years. Benefits of selected options


refAbstractLine:
are given together with Coast: Benefit analysis and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). Supporting volumes


refAbstractLine:
provide detailed site specific analysis of each of the 28 Management units and project appraisal report.


refAbstractLine:
Reviews obstacles to the implementation of managed realignment at sites on the Hampshire coast, particularly with


refAbstractLine:
respect to consents procedures, legal and financial barriers and public misunderstanding of policy objectives.


refAbstractLine:
The specific merits of this approach are evaluated using a selection of sites, notably in the north west Solent,


refAbstractLine:
that demonstrate feasible solutions. Concludes by proposing a site evaluation matrix.


refAbstractLine:
A detailed narrative of the discovery of the Bouldnor Cliff submerged Mesolithic site and the progressive unearthing


refAbstractLine:
of this buried archaeological landscape in the West Solent. It includes the methods used to recover the material;


refAbstractLine:
assessment of the moved artefacts; processes that have both preserved ad exposed this site, and the wider


refAbstractLine:
palaeo-environmental significance. Stratigraphy of the seabed deposits is given, together with radiocarbon dates


refAbstractLine:
that provide a chronology of changes involving relative sea and land level movements and palaeolandscape


refAbstractLine:
modifications associated with the dismemberment of the 'Solent River'.


refAbstractLine:
A literature review of current natural and anthropogenic threats to saltmarsh in the UK and specifically the status


refAbstractLine:
of saltmarsh in the Solent with reference to erosion trends and sources of sediment. Active and passive methods of


refAbstractLine:
saltmarsh restoration tried in the UK covered, in particular the use of suitability of dredge spoil as a medium for placement


refAbstractLine:
The opinions of the main regulatory agencies are summarised.


refAbstractLine:
Coastal and marine habitat information sheets which provide a summary of each habitat including background


refAbstractLine:
information, main treats and opportunities for habitat enhancement. The habitats are: saltmarsh, Maritime cliffs,


refAbstractLine:
sand dunes, saline lagoons, mudflats, vegetated shingle, coastal grazing marsh, seagrasses, sublittoral sands


refAbstractLine:
and gravels, subtidal rocky reefs, intertidal rock reefs and muddy gravels.


refAbstractLine:
Briefly covers terminology and natural coastal processes, followed by more specific, but concise sections on the


refAbstractLine:
Dorset' principal open coast and estuarine defences; the national development of coastal protection legislation;


refAbstractLine:
regulations and regulators: Shoreline Management Plans; approaches to the calculation of costs and benefits; groups


refAbstractLine:
and project associated with coastal defence and shoreline management and the questions surrounding sea-level rise.


refAbstractLine:
Provides a prefacing account of local solid and drift geology, regional coastal evolution, pre-defence management


refAbstractLine:
natural beach and low cliff morphology, followed by a narrative of the construction and performance of defences


refAbstractLine:
since Tudor times. Flooding events in the late ninetieth century are described using contemporary photographs


refAbstractLine:
The concluding sections are concerned with site-specific conditions of wave climate, littoral sediment transport,


refAbstractLine:
and flood risk in the relation to design and performance of coastal defence since the late 1940s.


refAbstractLine:
The role and achievements of the Felpham Sea Defence Committee and its interactions with local agencies


refAbstractLine:
Surveys of local attitudes to the severing of the road link at Slapton Ley, following breaching in 2000-1, revealed


refAbstractLine:
environmental meanings relating to narratives about nature and the sense of place. There were also discourses


refAbstractLine:
about responsibility for policies and actions. Initial responses from interest groups were predictable, but there


refAbstractLine:
was considerable subsequent evolution and negotiation of views.


refAbstractLine:
The instability of the coastal slope at Seagrove Bay is threatening the integrity of the residential properties of Seagrove


refAbstractLine:
Bay. The paper describes the detailed geological investigation, slope stability analysis and coastal process analysis


refAbstractLine:
which have been carried out on the proposed engineering option to stabilise the slope.


refAbstractLine:
the implications of climate change predictions for the Undercliff are both spatial and temporal; firstly, there are concerns


refAbstractLine:
that hitherto marginally stable are of the Undercliff may become unstable due to reactivation of ground movement and


refAbstractLine:
the occurrence of new landslides, secondly in areas previously affected by ground movement or landslides,


refAbstractLine:
the frequency and rate of ground movement and landsliding is expected to increase. This paper presents historical


refAbstractLine:
and contemporary data to demonstrate the relationships between rainfall and ground movement and uses these to


refAbstractLine:
project the likely impacts of climate change. It concludes that climate change poses a very real and significant


refAbstractLine:
challenge to the future management of the Undercliff.


refAbstractLine:
This paper describes the approach and procedures adopted at a number of vulnerable sites along the Undercliff


refAbstractLine:
to monitor and process inclinometer, weather and groundwater data to enable a current assessment of landslide


refAbstractLine:
behaviour within the present climate conditions and to act as a part of a warning system before proposed


refAbstractLine:
The investigations have advanced the understanding of the ground conditions, mechanisms, and causes of failure


refAbstractLine:
with the Landslip. The paper presents the results of the site investigation and identifies the future challenges of


refAbstractLine:
managing potential landslide reactivation (retrogressive) events in response to the effects of climate change.


refAbstractLine:
The paper presents a calibrated ground model for the Ventnor Undercliff for the first time based on the results of two


refAbstractLine:
ground investigations carried out in 2002 and 2005. The ground model is supported by surface and sub-surface


refAbstractLine:
monitoring data which identify the most probable failure mechanisms and causes of ground movement in the Ventnor


refAbstractLine:
This paper reviews and updates the published information regarding the litho-stratigraphy of the geological succession in


refAbstractLine:
Ventnor and demonstrates how geophysical gamma-logging can be used to correlate the succession thus providing an


refAbstractLine:
economic and useful investigative technique in place of rotary coring.


refAbstractLine:
It is necessary to identify and prepare for the likely impacts of climate change at the coast, and to implement risk


refAbstractLine:
management strategies, in order to reduce the escalating risks and growing financial burden on coastal communities.


refAbstractLine:
The project developed advice and guidance for practitioners and decision-makers to assess and reduce the likely


refAbstractLine:
impacts of climate change along a defined stretch of coastline.


refAbstractLine:
Research studies examining the increased rates of landsliding and coastal recession, and the forms and rates which it


refAbstractLine:
occurs are being undertaken at Southampton University as a timely contribution for future coastal zone planning.


refAbstractLine:
Includes background to the construction and operation of Ventnor Harbour, followed by statement of need for


refAbstractLine:
maintenance dredging based on monitoring of sediment accretion. Provides a method statement.


refAbstractLine:
The paper describes the challenge of implementing sustainable coastal management policies on the Isle of Wight, taking


refAbstractLine:
full account of coastal evolution and the resulting risks to coastal development and infrastructure.


refAbstractLine:
Post dredging responses of the Shingle Bank dredging area; shoreline; and nearshore bathymetry of Christchurch Bay


refAbstractLine:
and the Western Isle of Wight are examined in relation to a nearshore shallow water aggregate dredging programme for


refAbstractLine:
Research supported by the European Commission highlighted that over 20% of the European coastline faces serious


refAbstractLine:
problems resulting from coastal erosion with thousands of kilometres affected by significant retreat. The present and


refAbstractLine:
future challenges involve management of increasing levels of coastal risk, whilst at the same time seeking to maximise


refAbstractLine:
our opportunities for preserving and, where possible, enhancing our coastal environments.


refAbstractLine:
An output of the collaborative RESPONSE project (Responding to the Risks of Climate Change). 2003-2006, specifically


refAbstractLine:
addressing the methodology of mapping of coastal evolution and consequent risks using exemplar maps. This report


refAbstractLine:
takes 5 case study areas, one of which covers the coastlines of central-southern England.


refAbstractLine:
The paper presents an overview of a study commissioned by the 'Standing Conference on Problems Associated with


refAbstractLine:
the Coastline' (SCOPAC). SCOPAC is a group of Operating Authorities and other interested parties responsible for


refAbstractLine:
shoreline management along the central south coast of England, between Lyme Regis and Shoreham.


refAbstractLine:
The paper presents the main findings of the study and how the information will be used in future planning and


refAbstractLine:
management decisions in the area. In particular, it is recognised there is a need to ensure high standards of ground


refAbstractLine:
investigation, engineering design and construction to mitigate potential ground movement related problems.


refAbstractLine:
The landslides of the Isle of Wight Undercliff occupy a 12km length of the southern coast of the island. A research


refAbstractLine:
programme of these landslides was carried out intermittently from 1962 to the early 90's. It was immediately evident that


refAbstractLine:
St Catherine's Lighthouse was involved in some slight slide movements and opportunity was taken to bring this to the


refAbstractLine:
The paper describes the details of the geology and engineering geology of the site area, and the techniques


refAbstractLine:
used to establish and manage the risk. The paper will also discuss these events with respect to the risk assessment and


refAbstractLine:
West Dorset is developing coast protection slope stabilisation schemes to address the problems of coastal instability


refAbstractLine:
in the urban area of Lyme Regis. However, due to the scale and complexity of the instability problems, any engineering


refAbstractLine:
schemes to reduce the risk of damaging landsliding will take years to implement.


refAbstractLine:
As part of a project to gain an understanding of the landslide mechanisms operating in the town, and ultimately to


refAbstractLine:
implement ground stabilisation and coast protection schemes, a landslide monitoring system has been established. This


refAbstractLine:
paper describes how data are collected from the various types of monitoring instrument and then processed and


refAbstractLine:
This paper presents an overview of the use of geotechnical monitoring within the ground investigation process of risks


refAbstractLine:
associated with potentially unstable coastal landslides, and coastal instability. From this, the development of monitoring


refAbstractLine:
response procedures and risk limitation is discussed.


refAbstractLine:
To assist developers and their consultants in the planning and execution of ground investigations in the potentially


refAbstractLine:
unstable land lying within the coastal strip between Cowes and Gurnard, Isle of Wight, a data bank of archive boreholes


refAbstractLine:
is presented. Interpretation of the available borehole data is in the author's opinion made a little more difficult by the


refAbstractLine:
apparent geological inconsistencies in a slope stability report published by the Council.


refAbstractLine:
High demand for coastal locations, notwithstanding extensive protective planning policies for undeveloped areas,


refAbstractLine:
highlights these conflicts since the effects of sea erosion present an on-going threat and challenge. Finding the balance


refAbstractLine:
between land use, coastal engineering and environmental protection presents formidable challenges for coastal local


refAbstractLine:
Drawing on practical experiences of 45 case studies relating to geotechnical expertise of instability management in


refAbstractLine:
present and potentially unstable urban areas in coastal and mountainous locations, this paper reviews the process


refAbstractLine:
undertaken through this particular study and highlights the conclusions and recommendations, with particular reference


refAbstractLine:
Plans are proceeding for major engineering works to extend the life, by some 50 years, of a scenic coastal road above


refAbstractLine:
unstable chalk cliffs near Freshwater on the south-west coast of the Isle of Wight. In two places, the road is less than


refAbstractLine:
20m from the top of the cliffs, yet because of the environmental factors, this is an area where natural processes are


refAbstractLine:
allowed to continue. This highlights the need to understand cliff processes in to the future.


refAbstractLine:
The town of Lyme Regis in West Dorset faces serious instability problems. The area is one of environmental


refAbstractLine:
importance, both in terms of natural history and historic structures, and the area is a major tourism centre. This has


refAbstractLine:
generated much interest both from the public and statutory authorities.


refAbstractLine:
This paper describes some of the ways in which the District Council has invested in public liaison and consultation


refAbstractLine:
during the development of the coast protection and land stabilisation project.


refAbstractLine:
The paper outlines the growing awareness of the need to implement preventative planning and landslide management


refAbstractLine:
policies to counter a problem which is likely to escalate as a result of both future development pressures and climate


refAbstractLine:
change impacts. It describes the importance of developing improved methods or managing natural hazards and landslide


refAbstractLine:
mitigation to prepare for these changes.


refAbstractLine:
This paper is fundamentally concerned with the potential impacts of climate change on urban landslide environments in


refAbstractLine:
Europe, for both coastal and mountainous areas, and how these impacts could be handled in the future. The paper is


refAbstractLine:
set in a European context, but focuses on the southern coast of Great Britain, specifically Ventnor, Isle of Wight.


refAbstractLine:
This paper provides definitions of terms relating to beach recharge, and outlines its perceived advantages as a


refAbstractLine:
management tool, followed by a detailed inventory of all recorded schemes and projects over the past century.


refAbstractLine:
Issues such as supply provenance, optimum sediment sizes and shapes and future resources are briefly considered.


refAbstractLine:
A range of vegetated shingle projects have been undertaken along the coastline of East Sussex, providing baseline


refAbstractLine:
data - from 384 surveys - on the relative biodiversity of several sites. This will contribute to a comprehensive beach


refAbstractLine:
management plan, including measures for the protection and restoration of specific sites.


refAbstractLine:
Provides a concise history of the Sandbanks Peninsula and its protection. Patterns, processes and pathways of


refAbstractLine:
longshore and nearshore sediment transport are described and related to the details and purposes of more recent


refAbstractLine:
coast protection works; in particular beach replenishment and backshore dune creation. Possible future works


refAbstractLine:
Identifies climate change scenarios for the next 80 years, and presents a qualitative geomorphological appraisal of their


refAbstractLine:
potential impacts on coastal landforms and processes based on generic "coastal behaviour systems". These take


refAbstractLine:
account of various sensitivities to change of the natural and managed components of the shoreline environment.


refAbstractLine:
Recommendations are made relating to improvements of risk management, such as the planning framework, defence


refAbstractLine:
Strategy reports concerning management recommendations for the next 50 years for Durlston Bay, Swanage Bay,


refAbstractLine:
Studland Bay, Poole Bay and Poole Harbour. Technical annexes are specific to coastal conditions, shoreline evolution,


refAbstractLine:
coastal processes, estuarine processes, beach modelling; estuarine habitats; sources of beach recharge material and


refAbstractLine:
Uses the example of Birling Gap, East Sussex, to highlight a variety of legal problems arising from the impacts of cliff


refAbstractLine:
European estuaries tend to be regarded as being either predominantly muddy or sandy. In some estuaries, the cohesive


refAbstractLine:
and non-cohesive fractions can become segregated. However, recent laboratory tests have revealed that mud and


refAbstractLine:
sand from many coastal locations can exhibit some degree of flocculation. A clear understanding of the dynamic


refAbstractLine:
behaviour of sediments in the nearshore region is of particular importance for estuarine management groups who want to


refAbstractLine:
be able to accurately predict the transportation routes and fate of the suspended sediments. To achieve this goal,


refAbstractLine:
numerical computer simulations are usually the chosen tools. This paper assess the settling characteristics of


refAbstractLine:
flocculating mixed sediment suspensions through the synthesis of data, which was presented as a series of algorithms.


refAbstractLine:
The sedimentary processes acting over an intertidal flat (Hythe, UK) located in Southampton Water, Hampshire, UK are


refAbstractLine:
investigated on the basis of hydrodynamic, morphological and sediment transport field measurements. Bed level


refAbstractLine:
changes, patterns of suspended sediment transport and shell movement over the tidal flats were examined in order to


refAbstractLine:
identify sediment transport pathways and salt marsh-mudflat morphological changes. The hydrodynamic complexity of


refAbstractLine:
the tidal flow over the flats determines the patterns of suspended sediment transport. Morphological characteristics of


refAbstractLine:
Hythe intertidal area appear to be controlled by a combination of prevailing hydrodynamic conditions and shell transport


refAbstractLine:
The city of Southampton is situated on the south coast of England. The Port of Southampton sits at the head of


refAbstractLine:
Southampton Water, a 25km long tidal estuary leading from the city to the English channel. Parts of the city are very


refAbstractLine:
low lying and vulnerable to flooding, particularly during periods of extreme high tides, and this is expected to worsen in


refAbstractLine:
the future with rising sea levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of extreme tides on flooding in


refAbstractLine:
the vicinity of one low lying area, Eling, which lies close to the head of Southampton Water. The work involved using


refAbstractLine:
frequency analysis of existing extreme tides at the open sea boundary to derive tidal inputs to be used in a 2D


refAbstractLine:
hydrodynamic model of the estuary. An understanding of the magnitude of sea level rise and of extreme tides enabled a


refAbstractLine:
simulation of the tidal response to be used as input for a linked study of flooding. The use of numerical simulations to


refAbstractLine:
derive key tidal data for areas where such data is lacking could have wide application.


refAbstractLine:
A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model has been developed to simulate water mass circulation in estuarine systems.


refAbstractLine:
This model is based on the primitive equation in Cartesian coordinates with a terrain-following structure, coupled with a


refAbstractLine:
Mellor_Yamada 2.5 turbulence scheme. The model was applied to a partially mixed, macrotidal, temperate estuary:


refAbstractLine:
Southampton Water, UK. The model is validated by comparisons with sea surface elevation, ADCP measurements and


refAbstractLine:
erosion and recession on property rights. The conclusion is that a small area of the upper beach, which regularly


refAbstractLine:
changes both shame and size, is owned by adjacent private landowner(s) and not by the Crown - even though it may


refAbstractLine:
Foreshore (inter-tidal) narrowing and steepening might be expected with rising sea-level and higher wave energies at


refAbstractLine:
the shoreline. The changing position of high water and low water lines along the coastline of SouthEast England were


refAbstractLine:
measured from historical and modern maps (1870-2001). Changes appear to be mostly due to systematic cartographic


refAbstractLine:
errors, thus suggesting that evidence for any significant large scale foreshore narrowing is not convincing. The more


refAbstractLine:
likely scenario is one of gradual landwards parallel profile replacement due to ongoing natural processes.


refAbstractLine:
Two microerosion meters were used to measure surface downwearing rates on chalk shore platforms on both the French


refAbstractLine:
and British Channel coasts. This included examples from sites in East Sussex. Mean annual rates across all sampled


refAbstractLine:
platforms was 3.65mm, but with significant spatial variations. Rates along the French coast were consistently higher


refAbstractLine:
A study of the Quaternary sedimentary record between Romney and Brighton, with specific focus on deposits


refAbstractLine:
outcropping on or close to the coastal foreshore. These relate to 'highstand' marine sediments; fluvial sediments


refAbstractLine:
associated with rivers crossing the coastal plain and cold stage deposits.


refAbstractLine:
Provides a synopsis of current knowledge of the impacts of changing environmental conditions during the Quaternary


refAbstractLine:
period, including the effects of relative sea-level changes, at Portland Bill; Hope's Nose and Thatcher Rock, and the


refAbstractLine:
coastline between Start Point and Prawle Point.


refAbstractLine:
Using 'constraint-mapping', this study set out to illustrate that limitations to habitat recreation through inundation are not


refAbstractLine:
merely geomorphological in nature. Indeed, a broad range of social, political, legal, technical, and economic constraints


refAbstractLine:
exist and must be evaluated in conjunction with physical parameters if the objectives of the European Birds and


refAbstractLine:
Habitats Directive are to be met, and so that future coastal defence policies ensure maintenance of the 'favourable


refAbstractLine:
conservation status' of designated sites.


refAbstractLine:
Laboratory simulations of intertidal weathering and erosion processes were conducted to examine the relative


refAbstractLine:
resistances of a range of shore platform types and morphologies, and to assess the potential for predicting platform


refAbstractLine:
downwearing rates. Uses samples from a variety of locations, including Chalk outcrops along the Sussex coast.


refAbstractLine:
The morphodynamics of four shore platforms, including examples at Peacehaven and Newhaven, East Sussex, were


refAbstractLine:
studied to more fully understand the relative effects of cliffs and platforms on the morphogenetics of shoreline evolution.


refAbstractLine:
This revealed the importance of rock lithology and geological structure on the details of platform morphology, and the


refAbstractLine:
updrift presence of defence structures and/or collapsed cliff material.


refAbstractLine:
Presents a methodology that allows determination of areas susceptible to shoreline recession and cliff instability, using as


refAbstractLine:
a case study the mostly protected cliffed slopes between Brighton Marina and Portobello, East Sussex. Historical


refAbstractLine:
shoreline recession was analysed to provide prediction of future shoreline position. Average cliff retreat rates have


refAbstractLine:
declined through time due to the implementation of slope stabilisation measures and cliff foot defences, but these have


refAbstractLine:
This research has analysed the large sandy beach at Studland Peninsula over a range of spatial and temporal scales,


refAbstractLine:
recording a range of geomorphic features and the processes by which they evolve. The aim was to understand better


refAbstractLine:
the morphodynamic evolution of the coastal system over different temporal and spatial scales and identify the extent of


refAbstractLine:
changes operating along the beach system.


refAbstractLine:
An English Channel sea-level data set is used to evaluate change in extreme still water levels throughout the 20th


refAbstractLine:
century. Records are split in to mean sea level, tidal and non-tidal components. Interactions between surges and tides


refAbstractLine:
are analysed separately for significant trends before determining changes in extreme sea levels. Extreme sea-levels


refAbstractLine:
increased for all 18 data sets (tide gauge stations).


refAbstractLine:
Based on statistical analysis of hourly tide measurements for 285 equivalent years for stations on the English and French


refAbstractLine:
coasts of the English Channel. The English stations show that all are affected by land subsistence, especially apparent


refAbstractLine:
for the most recent two decades. Medium-term flooding risk is increasing along the coastline of central-southern England


refAbstractLine:
with more exposure to extreme surge events as mean sea-level continues to rise.


refAbstractLine:
During recent decades, extreme surge heights did not coincide with the times of extreme high tides in the English


refAbstractLine:
Channel. A selection of records of moderate flooding at or near tide gauge stations on the French and English coasts


refAbstractLine:
between 1983 and 1990 are examined in detail. Good fortune has prevailed to prevent more serious inundation, but the


refAbstractLine:
occurrence of the peak of a strong storm surge arriving at the time of a great astronomical tide would have devastating


refAbstractLine:
effects on all low elevation coastal areas.


refAbstractLine:
15 new sea-level index points from four coastal barrier sites in south Devon, corrected for auto-compaction where


refAbstractLine:
relevant, indicate that relative sea-level has risen by 21 plus or minus 4m during the most recent 9000 years. This


refAbstractLine:
inferred history shows a good fit with geophysical model predictions, but the geological and model data diverge for the


refAbstractLine:
Presents an analysis of variations of beach morphology, measured at Teignmouth whilst swash processes were


refAbstractLine:
modifying the beach, in parallel with prevailing hydrodynamic conditions and water table fluctuations. This generates a


refAbstractLine:
conceptual model that features a three-phase sequence of morphodynamic/morphological evolution which emphasises


refAbstractLine:
This study compares the surf zone hydrodynamics and sediment transport processes of two contrasting beach regimes


refAbstractLine:
at Teignmouth. Measurements suggest that the dynamics of the terrace/steep beach exhibit characteristics of


refAbstractLine:
dissipative/reflective sites. The low tide terrace acts to reduce incident wave height capable of reaching the steep


refAbstractLine:
beach, thus protecting it from erosion. Longshore sediment transport rates were large in comparison to cross shore rates.


refAbstractLine:
This study emphasises the sedimentological and morphological investigations of the beach and nearshore


refAbstractLine:
environment at Teignmouth carried out by the COAST3D project. Sediment mobility is high due to the jet-like current


refAbstractLine:
flows created by the narrow estuary mouth. The beach is composite, with a dissipative low-tide terrace and reflective


refAbstractLine:
upper beach. Both cross and longshore orientated bedforms were differentiated, their characteristics dependant on


refAbstractLine:
pre-survey hydro meteorological conditions. Rhythmic alongshore beach behaviour was attributed to littoral drift reversals


refAbstractLine:
due to changes in wave magnitudes. Residual sediment transport directions were identified.


refAbstractLine:
Continuous video data and fortnightly sub aerial morphological measurements obtained over a 3 year period on a


refAbstractLine:
macrotidal beach are correlated with hydrodynamic forcing factors. The impacts of 27 storms are analysed, indicating


refAbstractLine:
that southerly storms cause accretion in the supratidal zone but an overall significant loss of beach volume. Easterly


refAbstractLine:
storms cause supratidal erosion, intertidal accretion and a net gain in beach volume. Opposing longshore energy


refAbstractLine:
fluxes occur for the different storm types; a beach rotation effect was also observed. Longshore sediment transport


refAbstractLine:
rates were derived from data on morphological changes and were compared with several theoretical littoral drift


refAbstractLine:
The South Devon coast may be subsiding faster than any other coastal margin in the UK, but current estimates are


refAbstractLine:
based on inadequate lithostratigraphic data. Sediment coring from Slapton and Blackpool sands, and additional


refAbstractLine:
stratigraphic mapping, shows that sea level stood at -17m approximately 9kaBP. A barrier lagoon system was forced


refAbstractLine:
landwards by rising sea level thereafter, rising at a rate of 5m/ka across weathered slate and shale substrate. Barrier


refAbstractLine:
lagoons became sediment choked when relative sea-level was -5m below its current level at 4400yhBP.


refAbstractLine:
This study uses observations of beach profiles to solve a beach profile evolution equation in an inverse manner


refAbstractLine:
to determine model parameters and source function. It was found that there is a significant contribution from


refAbstractLine:
diffusive processes to the morphodynamic evolution of the beach profiles and that the development and disappearance


refAbstractLine:
of near-shore coastal features such as upper beach bream and inter- and sub-tidal bars are well captured by the source function in the governing


refAbstractLine:
In this paper Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is used as the basis for predicting beach profile changes using


refAbstractLine:
data from two locations, mixed shingle and sand beaches at Christchurch Bay and sand beaches in North Carolina.


refAbstractLine:
Predicted beach profile elevations agreed well with the measured for up to 8 years of forecast at both of the sites.


refAbstractLine:
Observations of historic beach profiles at Milford on Sea in Christchurch Bay were used to define key parameters in a


refAbstractLine:
diffusion model. The relationship between the diffusion coefficient and dean's equilibrium profile was investigated,


refAbstractLine:
leading to a new interpretation of the diffusion coefficient in terms of the sediment characteristics.


refAbstractLine:
The paper introduces the Solent as dynamic estuarine complex and describes the physical and socio-cultural geographies


refAbstractLine:
and the difficulties of managing multiple uses of the area are discussed. The paper presents the Solent Forum as


refAbstractLine:
the facilitator for integrated coastal management in the Solent.


refAbstractLine:
Dominant processes in gravel beach dynamics are critically reviewed, highlighting some common themes that unify


refAbstractLine:
the various components. Interpretation and innovative ideas are in part exemplified by the Slapton barrier beach system.


refAbstractLine:
Several reports preliminary to the scheme, namely: (1) Seagrove Bay beach level investigation; (2) M. Woodruff.


refAbstractLine:
Geotechnical report on North end of Seagrove Bay; (3) C. King, Geological study of foreshore and adjacent coastline


refAbstractLine:
at Seagrove bay, (4) Seagrove Bay Environmental Statement and (5) Seagrove Bay- Development of Nourishment Schemes


refAbstractLine:
The most significant aspect of climate change affecting shoreline management is the increase in the rate of sea level


refAbstractLine:
rise. Other phenomena such as variations in storm intensity and frequency, shifts in mean wind speed and deviation


refAbstractLine:
and variations in far field wave generation in Atlantic will also have an influence. Of particular importance to the stability


refAbstractLine:
of coastal cliffs is the prospect of increased intensity of winter rainfall and consequent higher pore water pressures.


refAbstractLine:
Increases in mean sea level may also have an effect on tidal ranges and extreme surge levels which are not necessarily


refAbstractLine:
This report identifies characteristics of the key periods of activity at


refAbstractLine:
Cliff House Hotel / Tom’s Garden and at Hoskins Gap West. It compares the two locations and contrasts them.


refAbstractLine:
Maps of the areas of activity, cliff-top retreat, revetment movement and drainage patterns are provided.


refAbstractLine:
Fieldwork undertaken for the project includes the logging of three cliff exposures and the surveying of four cross-section


refAbstractLine:
The intertidal habitat of Poole harbour was predicted using GIS and an assessment of the past and future behaviour


refAbstractLine:
There is currently no method of predicting overtopping or breaching for the Double Dykes system in


refAbstractLine:
Dorset, Southern England. Using measured geometric and hydrological data, the Eurotop Calculation


refAbstractLine:
Tool, designed for predicting overtopping of sea defence structures, was tested for accuracy in


refAbstractLine:
predicting overtopping for the Double Dykes at Hengistbury Head.


refAbstractLine:
An investigation into beach morphology response to fluctuating environmental


refAbstractLine:
drivers with decadal and inter-annual cycles was undertaken. The environmental


refAbstractLine:
drivers include: the Lunar Nodal Tidal Cycle (LNTC), the North Atlantic


refAbstractLine:
Oscillation (NAO) and Seasonal Variability.


refAbstractLine:
The results are based on the beach profile data of 34 stations located in Bournemouth, North Kent and South Suffolk.


refAbstractLine:
This thesis assesses the accuracy of the UK Waters Met Office wave model in prediction


refAbstractLine:
of wave period for the Southeast coast of England.


refAbstractLine:
This study examines the feasibility of using historical aerial photography within a GIS to map mudflat


refAbstractLine:
evolution since the 1940s at three contrasting sites across the North Solent (Langstone Harbour,


refAbstractLine:
The variations in saltmarsh extent, mudflat seaward edge


refAbstractLine:
recession and inter-tidal perimeter change were quantified, with respect to the overall mudflat trend.


refAbstractLine:
Future mudflat change was projected from observed historical trends and compared with LiDAR predictions.


refAbstractLine:
This study analysed buoy data on the south central English coast, identifying


refAbstractLine:
the spatial and temporal variations at different buoy locations for a three-year period.


refAbstractLine:
The report investigates the regression and expansion of Spartina anglica (C. E. Hubbard) in the UK.


refAbstractLine:
The aim of this project is to assess the geomorphological changes occurring at East


refAbstractLine:
Head spit, West Sussex between 2005 and 2009 in order to determine the current


refAbstractLine:
This study aims to identify what saltmarshes and mudflats are;


refAbstractLine:
the possible causes for their growth and decline; and emphasise the importance of their conservation.


refAbstractLine:
The study will then focus on the role of dredging on the current state of the intertidal and examine the measures could be taken to


refAbstractLine:
budgets and sea level change scenarios to predict future evolution and to identify opportunities for


refAbstractLine:
realignment of existing coastal defences to provide habitat creation.


refAbstractLine:
Flood defence schemes have been delayed across the north Solent because


refAbstractLine:
compensatory intertidal habitat could not be secured. The Solent Dynamic Coast


refAbstractLine:
Project was conducted to provide a strategic approach to securing compensatory


refAbstractLine:
intertidal habitat to inform the North Solent Shoreline Management Plan.


refAbstractLine:
Bi-modal sea conditions were identified at all measured wave sites along the English Channel.


refAbstractLine:
Bi-modal seas were most prevalent at, but not confined to, sites exposed to Atlantic swell.


refAbstractLine:
Atlantic swell waves rarely propagate the full length of the English Channel to the Straits of Dover.


refAbstractLine:
The swell component may be responsible for crest cut-back on beaches and coastal flooding,


refAbstractLine:
which was not predicted by conventional operational procedures.


refAbstractLine:
The significance of incorporating swell energy for scheme design along the English Channel coast should be considered.


refAbstractLine:
Conversion of wave motion to electrical energy depends o the instantaneous sea state at a given location.


refAbstractLine:
We report the use of a spectral method to analyse the time data to determine the sea state. The proposed method


refAbstractLine:
is a sinusoid estimation algorithm base on Capon's maximum likelihood estimate. This estimate converges to the point spectrum of the sinusoids in the


refAbstractLine:
wave data. Therefore one can determine sinuid frequencies and amplitudes from a signal corrupted by noise.


refAbstractLine:
The results are analysed using conventional statistical to determine the distribution of wave heights for the


refAbstractLine:
swell waves as well as local wind waves.


refAbstractLine:
Local Development Framework for Isle of Wight is known as the Island Plan. The main document is the Core Strategy,


refAbstractLine:
which sets out the spatial plan for development  on the Island.


refAbstractLine:
salinity data collected in 2001. The spatial and temporal variation of the degree of stratification as indicated by salinity


refAbstractLine:
distributions compares well with observations.


refAbstractLine:
The town of Lyme Regis is located on an unstable and eroding section of the West Dorset coastline in the UK. Such


refAbstractLine:
are the threats to the long-term future of the town from continuing instability that West Dorset District Council is


refAbstractLine:
promoting the implementation of a series of coast protection schemes to reduce the risk of destructive landsliding and


refAbstractLine:
coastal erosion from occurring in the future. The schemes involve major foreshore and slope stabilisation works which


refAbstractLine:
impact upon the town's residents and the tourist industry, both in their completed form and in terms of the disruption they


refAbstractLine:
may cause during construction. This paper outlines how heavy investment in public consultation by West Dorset


refAbstractLine:
District Council and high levels of participation from all interested parties minimises potential conflict and produces a


refAbstractLine:
sense of public ownership and a high level of consensus across the town.


refAbstractLine:
Lyme Regis is situated on one of the most unstable and actively eroding stretches of coastline in the UK. Over the


refAbstractLine:
centuries, various coastal defence structures have been constructed to protect the town against attack from the sea


refAbstractLine:
and provide increased stability. These structures have been under constant threat due to storm attack, foreshore


refAbstractLine:
lowering and landslide activity. An appreciation of climate change is fundamental to dealing with coastal management


refAbstractLine:
issues and for the development of acceptable engineering solutions, which meet the requirement of sustainability in


refAbstractLine:
terms of engineering, environment and economics. This paper considers future trends in climate change and how


refAbstractLine:
these have been addressed in the design and construction of new coast protection and slope stabilisation works.


refAbstractLine:
The historic town of Lyme Regis lies in an important environmental and geographic setting and has recently been


refAbstractLine:
designated a Gateway Town within the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site. Although it has a basic population of 3500


refAbstractLine:
inhabitants, this rises to 14000 in the holiday season. Lyme Regis also has a history of coastal erosion and landsliding.


refAbstractLine:
Over the past 100 years this has resulted in many properties being destroyed and considerable disruption to infrastructure


refAbstractLine:
up to 1km inland. Coastal protection has in the past been largely piecemeal, responding to individual events. Since the


refAbstractLine:
early 1990's however, West Dorset District Council have provided a more proactive and sustainable strategic approach


refAbstractLine:
to address the problems. This paper will describe the studies and investigations, design, construction and performance


refAbstractLine:
of the foreshore elements of the scheme.


refAbstractLine:
The Black Ven-Spittles landslip complex is one of the largest active landslip systems on the south coast of England.


refAbstractLine:
There is a map and photographic evidence to show that it has been especially active in the last 100 years and that it is


refAbstractLine:
expanding westwards towards the Lyme Regis urban area. The landslip can be divided in to two distinct parts: an upper


refAbstractLine:
Cretaceous-based part that behaves independently, and an underlying Jurassic-based part that is greatly influenced by


refAbstractLine:
movements in the Cretaceous part. During the last 60 years, large-scale failures have occurred in the 'Cretaceous'


refAbstractLine:
landslip at less than 10-year intervals, usually after prolonged periods of rain. Large bedding plane initiated failures occur


refAbstractLine:
infrequently in the Charmouth Mudstone Formation at the seaward end of the complex, beneath The Spittles, where


refAbstractLine:
there is a low downslope dip. Two such events have been recorded, in 1908 and 2008.


refAbstractLine:
Groundwater responses to swash motions were observed on a natural gravel beach at Slapton Sands, UK. Detailed


refAbstractLine:
hydrodynamic measurements of swash depth, flow velocity and groundwater elevation were made using cross-shore


refAbstractLine:
array of pressure transducers and current meters. The groundwater level remained closely linked to the tidal elevation


refAbstractLine:
throughout the flood and ebb stages of the tide and prevented the formation of an elevated seepage face. The swash


refAbstractLine:
and groundwater spectra were dominated by a broad band of incident frequency energy, but both displayed an


refAbstractLine:
increasing contribution of low-frequency energy moving landwards. A behavioural divergence was identified across the


refAbstractLine:
swash zone as groundwater motions were observed when no swash is overhead on the beach face. Fourier analysis


refAbstractLine:
and cross correlations assisted to identify the role of two distinct pathways in the transferral of fluid from the swash to the


refAbstractLine:
groundwater. It is concluded that this persistent infiltration has important consequences for the morphological changes


refAbstractLine:
commonly observed on gravel beaches by allowing accretion in the upper-swash at all stages of the tide.


refAbstractLine:
Field experiments were conducted on a low gradient, high energy sandy beach (Truc Vert, France) and a steep,


refAbstractLine:
low-energy gravel beach (Slapton, UK) to examine alongshore-directed currents within the swash zone. At Truc Vert


refAbstractLine:
data were collected over 33 tidal cycles with offshore sig. wave heights of 1-4m and periods of 5-12s. At Slapton, data


refAbstractLine:
were collected over 12 tides with wave heights of 0.3-1m and periods of 4-9s. During selected tides, strong alongshore


refAbstractLine:
currents of the same order of magnitude as the cross-shore flows were a consistent feature of both swash zones;


refAbstractLine:
however while the cross-shore flows were saw-toothed with a distinct flow reversal, the alongshore flows were


refAbstractLine:
This case study considers the causes, consequences and management of coastal erosion of a gravel barrier beach


refAbstractLine:
system on the south Devon Coast. It will be useful for those studying coastal zone management at AS and A2.


refAbstractLine:
State of the art morphodynamic field data were collected from Slapton Sands (UK). Over the field period, the upper


refAbstractLine:
beach experienced accretion and berm formation during tides with low steepness, swell dominated wave conditions, and


refAbstractLine:
underwent erosion during tides dominated by high steepness wind waves. Swash flow velocities under the conditions


refAbstractLine:
measured were often in excess of 2m/s for both the uprush and backwash. The most energetic swash flows and the


refAbstractLine:
strongest offshore mean flows occurred at the transition between swash zone and surf zone.


refAbstractLine:
This paper presents the findings of a new coastal processes study at Slapton Sands, south Devon, UK. This work was


refAbstractLine:
commissioned as part of a major new study to assess the likely future barrier beach stability. The study followed a major


refAbstractLine:
beach erosion event in January 2001, which caused a collapse of the main road that runs along the top of the shingle


refAbstractLine:
barrier beach. This barrier beach has been the subject of many previous studies, which are concisely summarised in the


refAbstractLine:
literature review section. The paper then presents new data and analyses of the coastal processes over both geological


refAbstractLine:
and contemporary time scales. The paper concludes that the cause of the 2001 erosion event was a combination of


refAbstractLine:
prolonged storm attack and differential longshore transport, causing cut-back of both the cross-shore profile and the


refAbstractLine:
mean shoreline position. It was further found that overtopping is likely to occur about once in five years but that a major


refAbstractLine:
breach event is unlikely to occur within the next 30 to 50 years. Thereafter, with no intervention measures and


refAbstractLine:
expected rates of sea level rise, it is anticipated that the barrier beach will eventually be breached, forming tidal inlets.


refAbstractLine:
Continuous Argus video data and fortnightly measurements of sub aerial morphology were obtained over a 3 year period


refAbstractLine:
from a steep macrotidal gravel beach on the southwest coast of the UK. Concurrent wave and water level data were


refAbstractLine:
also collected. An assessment of the three-dimensional morphological response of the beach to the two typical storm


refAbstractLine:
types were carried out by analysing the impact of 27 storms that occurred from April 2007 to April 2009.


refAbstractLine:
Observations of morphological change and swash sediment loads, concurrent with measurements of water level, waves


refAbstractLine:
and currents, were obtained during a spring-to-spring tidal cycle on a steep macrotidal gravel beach in southwest


refAbstractLine:
England. Incident-frequency water motions dominated the hydrodynamics, and the phasing between water surface


refAbstractLine:
elevation and cross-shore and alongshore currents was inconsistent with standing edge wave motion. Morphological


refAbstractLine:
change was directly related to maxima in shoreline elevation and four modes of berm adjustment identified.


refAbstractLine:
The morpho-sedimentary evolution of a pure gravel beach step over a tidal cycle is examined during fair-weather


refAbstractLine:
conditions using detailed measurements of nearshore hydrodynamics, morphological and sedimentary change, and


refAbstractLine:
nearshore sediment transport. The characteristics of the beach step are analysed with specific reference to the


refAbstractLine:
concurrent dynamics of the beachface, a departure from previous studies which have treated the step as a feature


refAbstractLine:
isolated from the nearshore region as a whole. The step and berm are both accretionary features strongly linked to


refAbstractLine:
tidal stage. A better description of nearshore sediment transport in the region of the beach step would require


refAbstractLine:
instantaneous sediment size information, allowing the use of a time-variant friction factor.


refAbstractLine:
This paper describes the application of Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) to derive forcing-response relations


refAbstractLine:
between the wave climate and shoreline position on a macrotidal gravel barrier located in the southwest of the UK, and


refAbstractLine:
to develop a tool to determine shoreline positions from wave records.


refAbstractLine:
This paper describes the development of the design for an innovative retaining structure built to support an existing


refAbstractLine:
highway on the Isle of Wight. At Afton Down on the south-west coast of the island the A3055 Military Road passes


refAbstractLine:
above high chalk cliffs. Continuing erosion at the toe of the cliffs led to the cliff edge receding to within 15m of the


refAbstractLine:
highway. As a result options to maintain the road were investigated. A public inquiry ruled out realignment inland on to


refAbstractLine:
the adjacent downland, whilst measures to prevent erosion at the toe of the cliffs were unacceptable for environmental


refAbstractLine:
coastal management reasons. Consequently the road was kept open, with instrumentation installed to warn against


refAbstractLine:
failure of the cliff, and work began on the design of a scheme to maintain the road along its existing alignment. An


refAbstractLine:
environmental assessment was carried out to address the potential impacts of schemes on the adjacent downland,


refAbstractLine:
with the resulting arrangement of a tied retaining wall aiming to minimise these. Furthermore, outline methods for


refAbstractLine:
decommissioning the structure when it reaches the end of its serviceable life were identified. Planning permission was


refAbstractLine:
granted in 2002, and following a series of trials the scheme was constructed in 2003 and the road reopened to the


refAbstractLine:
The Isle of Wight has near continuous exposures of Early Cretaceous to Early Oligocene and Quaternary deposits


refAbstractLine:
and has long been regarded as a classic area of British geology. The identified threats to geoconservation are coastal


refAbstractLine:
erosion, coastal protection schemes aimed at preventing erosion and fossil collecting. Geology has influenced tourism


refAbstractLine:
since the eighteenth century which subsequently promoted both interpretation and conservation.


refAbstractLine:
The coastline of south Devon, south-west England is believed to be subsiding faster than any area in the UK. Current


refAbstractLine:
estimates are based however on very limited Holocene relative sea level and lithostratigraphic data. There is therefore


refAbstractLine:
an urgent need for ore information to improve our understanding of coastal evolution in the region. Sediment coring has


refAbstractLine:
provided material for interpreting land and sea level changes.


refAbstractLine:
magnitude and frequency of cliff collapses.


refAbstractLine:
In this paper, results of sediment transport at Exe Estuary, Devon are obtained from a process-based model under a


refAbstractLine:
number of wave and tide scenarios are presented. Comparisons of model results are made with the beach survey data


refAbstractLine:
carried out by the local authorities in March 2008, in addition to the model tests on both yearly calm and storm conditions


refAbstractLine:
This report describes the work undertaken to obtain extreme water level predictions at locations along the South


refAbstractLine:
year, 1 in 20 year, 1 in 50 year and a 1 in 100 year storm. These overwashing thresholds were


refAbstractLine:
determined at four different water levels: MHWS, MHWS + 0.5m, MHWS + 1.0m and MHWS + 1.5m.


refAbstractLine:
This report investigates the design and cost implications of large-scale sediment recharge at Milford-on-


refAbstractLine:
Sea, Hampshire. Sediment recharge is one of the coastal defence options proposed by NFDC for long-term


refAbstractLine:
management of the coastal frontage at Milford. Results from this study aim to inform any options.


refAbstractLine:
This contribution provides a critical review of the CoastView project; a research program designed to develop and quantify video-derived Coastal


refAbstractLine:
State Indicators (CSIs) which simplify various aspects of coastal zone management including, coastal protection, navigation and recreation. This


refAbstractLine:
paper aims to provide a guide to future applied research projects of this kind.


refAbstractLine:
Modern coastal ocean modelling systems are now capable of numerically simulating a variety of coastal and


refAbstractLine:
estuarine problems and can thus provide useful information for managing coastal zones. The paper reviews


refAbstractLine:
Eulerian implementations of bottom‐up sediment transport and morphological change in coastal ocean hydrodynamic


refAbstractLine:
Preliminary analysis of results from a study of tine sediment transport in a macrotidal harbour (Pagham Harbour, West Sussex, U.K.),


refAbstractLine:
has revealed patterns of fine sediment transport which may be related to the tidal range and the wind speed.


refAbstractLine:
This paper will present preliminary analysis of regular and frequent monitoring of turbidity, salinity, water level, wind speed and wind direction over


refAbstractLine:
a continuous 70 days period. Analysis of sediment transport over individual tidal


refAbstractLine:
cycles has also been carried out, in order to ascertain a possible mechanism for


refAbstractLine:
the flux of fine sediment to and from the intertidal mud areas.


refAbstractLine:
In this thesis the relationship between beach morphodynamics and recreational hazards was


refAbstractLine:
investigated for the first time within the United Kingdom (UK). Four field experiments,


refAbstractLine:
conducted during 2006–2008 provided new insights into the spatio-temporal dynamics of UK


refAbstractLine:
beach types and their associated hazard signatures.


refAbstractLine:
A conceptual model has been devised to produce a holistic approach for predicting tidal breach


refAbstractLine:
development on U.K coarse-clastic barrier beaches. The conceptual model consists of three inter-


refAbstractLine:
linking sub-models relating to methods for predicting, overwashing and breaching (sub-model


refAbstractLine:
1), ephemeral or permanent inlet development (sub-model 2) and salt marsh colonization /


refAbstractLine:
sedimentation rates in the flooded hinterland (sub-model 3) at a breach site.


refAbstractLine:
The aim of the Pathfinder project is to help communities better understand coastal change


refAbstractLine:
and how it could impact on the coast in their local area. This report includes coastal change visualisations


refAbstractLine:
for North Swanage, Ringstead, Preston Beach, Seatown, Charmouth and Sidmouth upto 2100.


refAbstractLine:
This report covers the changes in beach topography between the 2005 summer beach


refAbstractLine:
management plan survey and the most recent 2006 survey.


refAbstractLine:
The report includes beach profile data, digital ground models, hydrographic baseline survey, wave data, storm events,


refAbstractLine:
This report covers the changes in beach topography between the 2006 summer beach


refAbstractLine:
management plan survey and the most recent 2007 survey.


refAbstractLine:
This report covers the changes in beach topography between the 2007 summer Beach


refAbstractLine:
Management Plan (BMP) survey and the most recent 2008 survey.


refAbstractLine:
and tools that could be used to improve the sustainability of flood and coastal management using real cases.


refAbstractLine:
The case studies include Brighton to Ovingdean coast protection scheme.


refAbstractLine:
The study provides a sound, scientific and nationally-consistent basis for predicting coastal change in England and Wales


refAbstractLine:
over the next 100 years, with the aim to provide SMPs with a vision of coastal change in the longer term.


refAbstractLine:
Divides this coastline, between the Needles and St. Catherine’s Point, into eight morphologically defined consecutive


refAbstractLine:
sections, and provides an account of the salient features of the cliff and platform morphology of each. Thereafter


refAbstractLine:
presents the major geomorphological interpretation problems, referring principally to rates of cliff retreat;


refAbstractLine:
sediment inputs from cliff erosion; beach morphological and sediment logical character; the origins and functional form


refAbstractLine:
of chine valleys; pathways of longshore transport and possible sediment budget sub-cells.


refAbstractLine:
Detailed investigation of the physical impacts of extreme tidal and wave conditions, mostly identified with specific storm


refAbstractLine:
and/or tidal surge events, documented for the Dorset coast between 1855 and 2000. Evidence and narrative drawn


refAbstractLine:
This paper identifies the main types of beach control structures for which design methods are available; describes the


refAbstractLine:
further development of these methods; and identifies the main limitations in their use for design. The paper concludes


refAbstractLine:
by outlining field measurements started in winter 1994/95 to quantify movement on a number of full-scale structures


refAbstractLine:
including rock armoured groynes and a length of rubble revetment.


refAbstractLine:
A review paper that provides a critical synthesis of international research work completed in the past 25 years covering


refAbstractLine:
gravel (shingle) beach and barrier beach hydrodynamic forcing functions; beach face processes and their tidal


refAbstractLine:
modulation; primary morphodynamic features; short-term response to storm events; sediment transport and


refAbstractLine:
clast sorting/grading; general morphogenetic models and alternative approaches to modelling beach


refAbstractLine:
and barrier development. Examples from European, UK and North American coasts are quoted-those from the


refAbstractLine:
UK are drawn principally from the east, central-southern and south-west coastlines of England.


refAbstractLine:
A review and summary of contemporary understanding of the origins, sediment properties, type morphodynamics,


refAbstractLine:
characteristic cross- and longshore sediment transport of gravel (shingle) beaches and the theory of barrier beach


refAbstractLine:
development, all with specific exemplification from southern and eastern English  coastlines. Also discusses the results


refAbstractLine:
and conclusions from recent large-scale experimental studies; parametric models for equilibrium profiles and barrier


refAbstractLine:
stability and the modelling of cross-shore profile development.


refAbstractLine:
management approach for the Strategy area over the next 100 years. The Strategy area is the coastline of the peninsula


refAbstractLine:
south of Chichester, between Pagham and West Wittering in West Sussex. The strategy includes options appraisal


refAbstractLine:
and environmental assessment. The Strategy recommends Hold the Line (Sustain) for frontages facing erosion risk at


refAbstractLine:
Selsey, East Wittering and Bracklesham and Cakeham. Managed Realignment is recommended for the Medmerry frontage


refAbstractLine:
as the optimum way of managing flood risk over 100 years.


refAbstractLine:
The retreat of chalk cliffs fringing the eastern English Channel contributes shingle to the beaches which helps to protect


refAbstractLine:
the cliffs and slow down erosion. Conversely, cliff retreat endangers settlements and infrastructure on the cliff top.


refAbstractLine:
Rates of retreat have been calculated by a variety of methods over the past century, but no attempt has been made


refAbstractLine:
to provide a complete coverage that allows for a true comparison of retreat rates over the entire coastline.


refAbstractLine:
Using historic maps and recent orthophotos, cliff retreat rates have been calculated for consecutive 50 m sections


refAbstractLine:
of chalk cliff along the English side of the entire eastern English Channel for a period of  125 years.. The


refAbstractLine:
chalk cliffs of East Sussex erode at an average rate of 0.25 - 0.3 m y−1 while those in Kent at a rate of  0.1 m y−1.


refAbstractLine:
The results are described of an on-going field and laboratory experiments to estimate losses from shingle beaches due to


refAbstractLine:
The Pagham Harbour Coastal Defence Study (2009) is a comprehensive investigation of the physical processes within


refAbstractLine:
immediately outside the harbour, together with recommendations for future shoreline management strategic options.


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The study is composed of several documents which include the 'Decision Framework for Adaptive Management at


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Pagham Harbour' and 'Pagham Harbour- Managing risks of flood and erosion'. The Geomorphological Assessment is a


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component part of this study, which has the overall title of 'Pagham Harbour: A Conceptual Model'.


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'Decision Framework for Adaptive Management at Pagham Harbour' utilises the findings of the conceptual model


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to assess potential outline management options and strategies. It presents 3 potential future consequences


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of how the harbour may develop naturally in the future and explores the implications of these consequences and potential


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This paper examines design and post construction performance of a beach recharge scheme at Hurst Spit. It covers:-


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(1) Typicality of the hindcast offshore wave climate used in the design phase (1974- 1990) with hindcast data for the


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post design and post construction period (1988-2006).


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(2) Comparison of the measured wave climate derived at a shallow water (10-12m) wave buoy with a co-located hindcast


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and transformed wave climate for the period 1996- 2009.


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(3) Identification of key differences in measured and hindcast wave climate and storm characteristics.


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4) Examination of the implications of differences in modelled and measured wave climate with measured beach performance


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The report outlines works to be undertaken to maintain the coastal defences at east Beach, south coast in Lyme Bay


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Dorset. The document details the potentially technically viable options and provides a preliminary appraisal


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of the options on environmental, technical and economic grounds. Supporting information includes a coastal process review


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The paper summarises lessons learnt from the 'Living with the Sea' LIFE Nature project and outlines the challenges


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facing the UK in managing coastal habitats under European legislation. The are 7 pilot 'Coastal


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Habitat Management Plans including the Solent.


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Predicting how a flood defence structure, such as a river or coastal embankment, behaves under varying load conditions


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is an essential part of undertaking a flood risk assessment. This understanding directly influences the prediction of rate


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and volume of any flood water that may cross over or through the flood defence structure and impact on the protected


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area behind. A range of research and model development has been undertaken through Task6 of the FLOODsite project.


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building upon earlier work under IMPACT project and linking with ongoing international initiatives such as the Dam Safety


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This paper presents an overview of a high-level assessment of the likely climate change impacts on


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cliff instability and erosion. The work was commissioned by the Environment Agency to support the


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National Coastal Erosion Risk Mapping Project (NCERM). The results of the assessment have


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informed where, and how, the NCERM erosion predictions should be modified to take into account the


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climate change scenarios and predictions derived from UKCP09.


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The South-East Strategic Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme is a large-scale initiative designed, to inform


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shoreline management decision-making at both operational and strategic levels. It provides a consistent


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specification for collection and management of coastal process data. The paper describes the data collected and


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data management including the metadata and on-line GIS on the website.


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This report details a study promoted by the Coastal Groups of the South east, intended to promote a standard,


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repeatable and cost effective method of coastal monitoring, within an integrated regional programme. It includes


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a review of current practice between the  Isle of Grain and Isle of Portland, proposals are presented for a co-ordinated regional hierarchy for coastal collection.


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This paper summaries the principle findings of a scoping study based upon the current practice within the Southeast of


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England, to discuss proposals for an integrated regional approach to coastal monitoring; it also indicates how Coastal


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Groups are taking the proposals forward.


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This Beach Management Plan (BMP) covers the central part of the Lyme Regis coast, extending from Cobb Gate Jetty


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in the east to Lyme Regis Harbour in the west. This area is primarily at risk of coastal erosion and landsliding


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and has been subject to major coastal slope stabilisation works in the recent past as part of the Lyme Regis


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and Environmental Improvements Phase II scheme. The report includes flood and coastal risk, defence history, wave


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climate and water level information, sediment transport, geology and geomorphology, scheme design, monitoring.


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The report includes scoping studies on the effects of the deterioration of the Portland Harbour breakwaters, geomorphological


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mapping of the cliff frontage, ground investigations along cliff frontage, coastal analysis on the influence


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of Portland Harbour breakwaters and implications of sea level change on coastal erosion and an appraisal of coastal


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Perceptible changes of the micromorphology of both cliffs and shore platforms on shorelines developed on


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Chalk have been measured for monthly, seasonal, annual and decadal timescales.


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This data is used to calculate mean cliff retreat and platform erosion rates. Some of the interactions between processes


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and their measurement over both time and space require elucidation through further research.


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Step retreat on Chalk shore platforms measured over two periods between 1973 and 2007 reveals spatial


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and temporal variability, but to be of a similar magnitude to surface wearing from the same platforms.


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Continuous monitoring and analysis of data on ground movement and weather conditions since 1995 confirm


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that prolonged periods of heavy winter rainfall and excess groundwater levels are a fundamental control of landslide


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behaviour. Climate change projections for the next 100 years point to accelerated ground movements


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and more frequent landslide events. Marginally stable areas at present may become unstable due to reactivation.


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Sediment stratigraphy, supported by radiocarbon dated organogenic horizons, derived from seven cores and


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boreholes around the margins of Chichester Harbour provide a detailed narrative of environmental and landscape


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changes during the Holocene. This permits a reconstruction of the oscillations of relative sea-level


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movements superimposed on an overall recovery of some 35m.


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Describes stabilisation works carried out in 1967/8. Subsequently there have been four reactivated landslides,


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two of which were massive failures of the whole undercliff. Relationships between the stratigraphy of the Barton Clay,


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characteristic modes of degradation and landslides are reviewed, leading to the conclusion that the original


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drainage design gave insufficient consideration to natural patterns of degradation. The western end of this area


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area is now reverting to its pre-stabilisation state.


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Gravel beach recharge design and assessment tools are based upon wave conditions defined by integrated parameters


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that assume constant spectral shape. Field observations on the English Channel Coast show that the beach response


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to wave conditions, characterised by spectra with bi-modal wave periods, may result in significantly greater overwashing


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or crest erosion than the simple parametric models would suggest. The observations suggest the need


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to redefine design conditions by reference to bi-modal conditions for those sites that are subject to both swell and wind


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Design tools for beach management schemes are frequently based upon physics based or empirical numerical models,


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physical models and occasionally field observations. Validation of modelling techniques is frequently confined to


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very limited field observations at few sites. Extensive long term post scheme monitoring has been undertaken as part of a


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abrasion. Field experiments took place at shingle beaches at Telcombe and Saltdean in East Sussex. Relationship


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between the abrasion rate, offshore wave height, tracer lithology, weight and time the tracer has been on the beach


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and the beach on which the tracer was placed are demonstrated. Lab abrasion experiments in rock tumblers


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using 52 tracer pebbles and flint shingle collected from beaches have been used to provide a calibration.


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The annually active beach volume has been calculated from twice weekly profile surveys of the 2 beaches carried out


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between Jan and Dec 2002. The annual loss of beach material has been calculated as 0.3% and 0.05% of the present


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beach volume at Telscombe and Saltdean respectively.


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Interest Group breach modelling project. This paper outlines the innovative research undertaken by three organisations


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within FLOODsite investigating wave induced initiation, the influence of soil state and cracking on initiation and improved


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simulation of the breach initiation and growth stages to support flood risk analyses.


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Lymington Harbour Commissioners (LHC) propose to construct two rock breakwaters either side of the main navigation


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channel in Long Reach, to be built in six phases over the next 20 to 30 years. The purpose of the breakwaters


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is to provide protection to Lymington Harbour, since the natural saltmarshes. The site lies within the boundary of the


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Solent Maritime Special Area of Conservation (SAC) and the Solent and Southampton Water Special Protection Area (SPA)


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and Ramsar site. This report has been produced to fulfil Condition 9.1 for FEPA licence.


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The report includes discussions on the different options proposed, types of habitat to be created, construction methods


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This document is the Non-Technical Summary of the Environmental Statement for the proposed


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Lymington Harbour Protection works. The report provides information about the scheme, alternative options,


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water movement and quality, sediment movement and ecology.


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This Baseline Document for Maintenance Dredging in Lymington Harbour has been produced in response to a


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Conservation Assessment Protocol on Maintenance Dredging and the Habitats Regulations (2010)


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which was introduced by Defra in order to develop a Baseline Document that recorded the current state of knowledge


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of dredging activities in a particular estuary/harbour, thus allowing an evaluating of the relationship between the


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maintenance dredging activities and the current condition of Natura 2000 sites to be made.


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This document reports on the results of the short term monitoring measures for Lymington Harbour Protection Project.


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These included visual inspections of the breakwater, and measurements from graduated stakes to


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monitor changes in mud level in various locations. No significant detrimental impacts have become apparent in the two


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years following the construction of the breakwater.


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The purpose of this study is to identify sustainable, cost effective opportunities for beneficial re‐use of dredged sediment


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within the Lymington Estuary. The study has considered a range of techniques that are currently in use in various


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locations in the UK and abroad, with the emphasis on identifying methods that are technically feasible, given


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the constraints at Lymington, and which can be implemented without adding significantly to the cost of maintenance


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Beach Management Plan (BMP) for East Beach (West Bay) and Freshwater Beach. This BMP defines the requirements


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for beach monitoring, maintenance and intervention to reduce the risk of tidal flooding and erosion inshore of East Beach


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The existing scheme at Preston beach was constructed in 1995 and consist of a sea wall fronted by a recharged


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shingle beach and terminal rock armour groyne at the southern end of the site. This report considers the available beach


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management options with respect to their initial cost, maintenance requirements, effectiveness and environmental impact.


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The environmental report appraises the environmental effects of the viable options for beach management that have


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Movie clip showing long-term historical changes at Lyme Bay


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Joint probability analysis predicts the probability of occurrence of events in which two or more partially dependent variables


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simultaneously take high or extreme values. This report summarises dependence between key pairs of


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The variable-pairs analysed and reported are: wave height & sea level; wave height & surge; tide & surge;


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river flow & surge; precipitation & surge; precipitation & sea level; and wind-sea & swell.


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Describes ABP’s suitability of the arisings for beach recharge. Future schemes requiring recharge


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material, between Brighton and Weymouth are listed, giving approximate quantities, using


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commercial budget estimates for placing and delivery of material, and CCO bathymetry, costs may


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be 25 to 40 % less than normal procurement.


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Brief review of the recent history of sea-level rise and predictions of future rates of sea level


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recovery and possible storm surge frequencies over the next 100 years. Three basic choices are available- retreat;


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defend and attack. These are critically evaluated for the next 100 years in the context of three British cities, one of


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which is Portsmouth. Maps for each scenario for 2025; 2050 and 2075 are given.


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The Solent region represents one of the highest concentrations of coastal lagoons and saline ponds in the UK.


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Four lagoon complexes within the region comprise a SAC. The ephemeral nature of coastal lagoons presents a


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particular management challenge in terms of retaining 'favourable conservation status'.


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Bi-modal sea conditions were identified at all measured wave sites along the English Channel. Bi-modal seas were most


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prevalent at, but not confined to, sites exposed to Atlantic swell. Atlantic swell waves rarely propagate the full length


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of the English Channel to the Straits of Dover. The swell component may be responsible for crest cut back


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on beaches and coastal flooding, which is not predicted by conventional operational procedures.


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A large-scale regional coastal monitoring programme has been developed for the English Channel coast,


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covering approximately 970km of shoreline (Bradbury et al 2002). A risk-based approach to the design of the


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monitoring programme provides differing levels of detail, according to the type of management, exposure to


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wave attack, geomorphology and flood-risk. This paper focuses on those locations within the programme area


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that are termed "beach management plan sites"; these require a high level of detailed data to inform managed


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intervention, typically by beach recharge or recycling, and often in combination with sediment control


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structures. Development and implementation of practical methods of application of monitoring data within beach


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management are discussed, at both strategic and operational levels. Examples from the south coast of England


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are used to illustrate the approaches adopted, and experiences have been drawn from sites where there is in


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excess of 30 years of data available. A standard beach management plan data management structure has been


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developed, using a range of analytical tools.


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The southeast regional coastal monitoring programme was established in 2002 as a large-scale programme to monitor


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coastal processes and geomorphology, for shoreline management applications. An extensive data management


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infrastructure has enabled web-delivery of high-resolution coastal monitoring data and analysis of geospatial and


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temporal changes. The paper focuses on integration of extensive airborne remote sensing surveys,


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and data interpretation, to provide baseline mapping and monitoring of the extent and condition of coastal biodiversity.


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Integration of the data has enabled ecology, geomorphology and coastal processes to be examined within the same


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programme. Applications of the data are highlighted in examples that examine opportunities for


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development of a dynamic coast on a managed coastline. A unique approach to multi-agency


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monitoring of coastal-ecology is presented, in context with the host geomorphological and coastal process environment.


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Consequently, in addition to sensitive management of existing sites it is important to identify habitat creation sites.


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This paper looks ta Hook Lake in Hampshire suggesting that it is still predominately a freshwater system with an


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adjacent brackish ditch, could support the development of this sites as a coastal lagoon.


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Statistical estimation of extreme sea-levels can never be conclusive, but could be refined by ensuring that the


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maximum record height is in agreement with the  return period of the record length. This approach- a correction of previous


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methodologies calibrates the whole series of extreme estimations to the observed maximum.


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The parameters are specifically computed for 15 tide-gauge stations, including Weymouth, Portsmouth, Newhaven and


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Provides an example from four sampled sites along the South Devon barrier system of the application of electrical


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resistivity to the measurement of the two-dimensional distribution of lithofacies.


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The technique readily revealed barrier depth and depth to basal substrata; integration of resistivity profiles


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with borehole data and radiocarbon dates showed that back-barriers began to fill with minerogenic sediments.


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Sediments in superficial horizons  are vulnerable to compaction, particularly organic horizons and minerogenic fines.


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This can affect  palaeoenvironmental interpretation from which a vertical reference is required, e.g. quantifying the


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relative heights of past sea-levels. Geotechnical theory was used to apply a correction to back-barrier sediments


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from North Sands, Slapton, and Blackpool Sands, but the results are semiquantitative and are usually minimum estimates.


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A detailed data set of measurements of the hydrodynamics and morphosedimentological change and sediment transport


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was collected from the area of the beach step on a macrotidal (Slapton) gravel beach. Though triggered by reflective


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wave conditions, the step proved to have remarkably stable sedimentology and was differentiated from the swash zone.


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Salient geomorphological  processes and landform characteristics of the beach and dunes at East Head, together with


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an account of historical and recent changes, particularly the phase of accelerated erosion starting in the early 1990s


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and the overwashing event of 2004. Current and future management approaches are considered in


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the context of the wider debate on the multiple roles of East Head.


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A brief overview of the evolution of approaches to the defence of the shoreline of the harbour, together with some


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evaluative comments on the relative merits of contrasting techniques of defence and protection, particularly in the


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contexts of the loss of saltmarsh and the contemporary and future projected sea-level rise.


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This paper provides a literature review of the physical and biological processes relating to the erosion of saltmarsh and


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discusses the importance of different processes at different spatial and temporal scales. The paper shows that at a regional


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scale a combination of strong winds, high tide and increased wind height are responsible for increased rate of saltmarsh


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erosion and creek dissection recorded in 1970s.


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A review and critique of stakeholder attitudes to a spectrum of current management issues within the Solent


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which reveals that concerns about defence against flooding and erosion in the context of predicted climate


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change and sea-level rise is a high priority.


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Identifies potential opportunities for the restoration and improvements of EN defined Natural Areas: these include the


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nearshore and adjacent offshore zones as well as the inter-tidal and supra tidal environments landwards to either the


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cliff top of the landward limit of the maritime influences of coastal plains. Also included are terrestrial habitats that may be


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influenced by llong-term coastal changes. This study has been carried out in the context of the need for SMPs and


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CDS strategy studies to be compliant with national and international conservation legislaton, and cognizant of the


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conclusions of CHaMPs. It discusses the case for managed realignment as a means of delivering biodiversity gains


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and the negative impacts  of shoreline defences, including cliff and costal slope protection and stabilsation measures,


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on habitat integrity. SMP and CDSs will need to deliver longer-term flood risk mitigation benefits that are a direct


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Provides a chronology of relative sea-level change for the Dorset coastline between the mid- Mesolithic and mid -Saxon


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times based on all known archaeological evidence, with some calibration using carbon 14 dates of mostly estuarine


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viewpoint of a long-term resident-of twentieth century approaches to shoreline management in the specific context of


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urbanisation. Options for the future are evaluated, and their socio-economic implications considered.


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An examination of the value of art as a tool supporting research and understanding of longer term


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coastline change, exemplified by locations on the Isle of Wight and the mainland coast between


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Hurst Spit and Selsey Bill. Material used comprised watercolour drawings, oil paintings and line


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engravings for the period 1770 to 1920. This was an era of rapid change, notably the development


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and defence of the shoreline. A ranking system was created to assess the relative value of these


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works in advancing understanding of the nature, and local details, of change. It is concluded that art


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resources have been an under-used and under- valued resource.


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Nutrient loadings deriving from the catchment of the Fleet (1866-2004) were hindcast using a catchment model.


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in addition historical data on land-use changes and human population. Results showed that Phosphorous inputs lay


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below "permissible" limits until the 1980s.


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Investigation of the shoreline response to a detached breakwater scheme at Elmer revealed that


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little difference was apparent between monochromatic and random wave tests applied to shoreline


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adaptation. Beach plan shape was affected by the choice of mobile bed material, and a significant


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difference at the waterline occurred due to variation in wave-current fields and accompanying


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velocity moments. Only partially successful.


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An examination of the hydrodynamic processes associated with detached breakwaters, based on a


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physical model study of the Elmer scheme. The main objectives were to investigate the influences of


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the hydrodynamics of wave directionally and directional spread, irregular bathymetry and


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breakwater permeability. Refraction due to bathymetric effects had a significant influence on the


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wave-induced currents behind the breakwaters.


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Beach nourishment schemes in Sussex date back to the late ninetieth century; recyling was underway by 1900.


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Until 1970s, beach nourishment in Sussex and east Kent was small-scale and occasional.


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Beach nourishment volumes peaked in 1995-99 and recyling in 1990-94. The amounts of material added to the region's


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beaches indicate that the South East has undergone a 'sedimentary crisis'. . If sea-levels rise as predicted due


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to global warming, beach nourishment will provide only a short-term 'fix'.


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The theme of this special issue, the reuse of materials, can apply to a) the recycling of marine sediments from areas of


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natural deposition to replenish denuded frontages elsewhere, or b) the alternative uses of otherwise waste material from


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navigation dredging activities. Such material reuse in the marine environment can provide environmental benefits, assist


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in reducing risks from tidal flooding or coastal erosion if used in foreshore recharge schemes, or cost effectively provide


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construction resources. This paper considers drivers behind reuse of materials in the marine environment, identifies the


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opportunities and constraints of its application, and discusses key sustainability aspects of these approaches.


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Preliminary analysis of data collected at a macrotidal semi-enclosed lagoon (Pagham Harbour, UK) has revealed


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useful information about long-term patterns of siltation and some of the related mechanisms. Sediment surface


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level measurements made over 2 years at different sites within Pagham Harbour have shown a steady siltation,
measurements made over 2 years at different sites within Pagham Harbour have shown a steady siltation,


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in common with earlier measurements, which is moderated by seasonal effects due to erosion by locally generated


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waves. Furthermore, inspection of vertical profiles of salinity and turbidity over individual tidal cycles has revealed


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that the degree of sediment transport on the flood tide is related to the vertical salinity gradient. Thus, at the Ferry Pool


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site, which is characterised by episodic pumped discharges from a nearby sewage treatment plant, landward sediment


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transport is enhanced by the high degree of salinity stratification observed during the flood tide. The mobility of the


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sediment, and the greater distribution of softer, less well-consolidated sediment deposits, is greater here than at the other


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significant freshwater inflow at the Salthouse site, where the fresh water flow is instead moderated by a tidal flap


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gate. Preliminary analyses suggest that the higher the salinity stratification, the greater the landward sediment transport


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during the flood tide. Such analyses could help inform future policy on the methods of land drainage to macrotidal


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lagoons, and on the potential for managed realignment at such sites.


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process data since 2002 and ecological Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) data since 2004.


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The coastal BAP habitats being monitored by this programme are: Reedbeds, Coastal and Floodplain Grazing Marsh,


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Saline lagoons, Maritime Cliffs and Slopes, Coastal Sand Dunes, Coastal Vegetated Shingle, Coastal Saltmarsh


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Mudflats, Seagrass (eelgrass) beds and Littoral and sub-littoral chalk.


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Study sites include Hurst Spit, Selsey Bill, Chichester Harbour, Medmerry barrier and Pagham Harbour.


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Over the past 25 years, optical remote sensing has been developed into a very useful tool for sampling the nearshore


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environment, principally through the use of Argus Stations. However, the capabilities of such systems as scientific tools


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depend on an understanding of the physics of the camera as an optical sensor and of the relationship of optical signals


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to the geophysical signals they represent. This paper describes the components of Argus Stations with an


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emphasis on quantitative characterization of the accuracies and resolution of system components.


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Algorithms for estimation of a range of important nearshore measurements are discussed and


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their accuracies and ground-truth test results referenced.


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Study sites include Lyme Regis, and Barton on Sea.


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the baseline in March 2003 to January 2008.


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the baseline in March 2003 to January 2009.


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frontages, change in Mean High Water position and beach recharge and recycling schemes.


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The paper introduces the Southeast Strategic Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme and the hydrodynamic network.


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The principle aims of the new hydrodynamic network are: to generate characteristic wave climates for future


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coastal defence design considerations; to validate wave transformation models, particularly in areas of irregular


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bathymetry; to produce data for performance evaluation of coastal engineering and beach management projects


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and to produce high quality time series of tidal elevation to predict extreme water levels at the coast.


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The paper presents an overview of coastal engineering requirements for wave data, examining applications


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for a range of temporal and spatial scales.


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Full-scale physical model investigations have been conducted in the Large Wave Channel (GWK) of the Coastal


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Research Centre, (FZK), Hanover. The morphodynamic response of both shingle and mixed sand with shingle beaches


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have been tested under random wave conditions. Results have been used to examine whether significant


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scale effects are present in small-scale model investigations of shingle beaches.


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This paper provides information on the experimental set-up, data collection methods and results to date for the project


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‘‘Large scale modelling of coarse grained beaches’’, undertaken at the Large Wave Channel (GWK) of FZK in Hannover


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The main objective of the experiments was to provide full scale measurements of cross-shore processes


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on gravel and mixed beaches for the verification and further development of cross-shore numerical models


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of gravel and mixed sediment beaches. Identical random and regular wave tests were undertaken for a gravel beach


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and a mixed sand/gravel beach set up in the flume. Measurements included profile development, water


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surface elevation along the flume, internal pressures in the swash zone, piezometric head levels within the beach,


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The aim of the report is to ensure the Trust is better informed on coastal and climatic processes at Ringstead.


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It includes an investigation of the current behaviour of the rock groyne, current and future behaviour at Burning Cliff,


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current and future sediment transport, review of coast protection proposals and coastal erosion/ accretion/ recession


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This Beach Management Plan (BMP) covers the West Beach, West Bay, frontage covering the defended area to the


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west of the western West Bay Harbour breakwater. This area is primarily at risk of coastal erosion and landsliding


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in its western part and has been subject to major coastal slope stabilisation works in the past.


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The report includes information on current defence condition, wave climate, sediment transport, geology


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and geomorphology, scheme design and beach monitoring.


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This paper summarises information available from recent research on the stability of a range of beach control structures


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for shingle beaches. It does not cover the influence that these structures have on the beach material.


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from a wide variety of published and archival sources. This is used as context for an evaluation of vulnerability


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to a range of predictions of future climate change. This study incorporates a Dorset Coastal Storms Database,


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which specifies where a range of different types of impacts have occurred in terms of their magnitude, frequency and


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duration. This database can be searched by Year; Month; Date: Location; Storm Duration and Physical/Economic


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Tidal data is analysed for extreme return frequency behaviour of water levels, secular changes in mean sea-levels,


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tidal ranges, peak surges and surge values at High Water for coastline between Brighton and the Isle of Grain.


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The main conclusion is that tidal gauge data strongly corroborates the results of previous numerical modelling studies.


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In the context of rising sea-level, Channel coasts are relatively less at risk from surge events than those facing North Sea.


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Uses 17 tide-gauge station records for both the French and English Channel coasts to estimate trends in recent


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decades of extreme sea-levels. Increase is ascribed to local/regional relative sea-level rise, global eustatic recovery


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and maximum surge heights. In terms of future trends, these components are likely to produce  'sea-level events'


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that exceed present levels of highest astronomical tides more frequently. The coastline most at risk from


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associated flooding is between Portsmouth and Weymouth.


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An account of the recent history of beach behaviour along the Swanage frontage, providing reasons


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for progressive erosion and proposing a substantial programme of recharge as the preferred management option.


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Proposes long-term (50 year) management strategy options for the Exe estuary on behalf of the partnership


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of responsible agencies. The aim is to identify preferred options for the sustainable maintenance of defences


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at Dawlish Warren and Exmouth together with a detailed work programme needed for implementation.


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Current SMP policies for each Management Unit within the estuary are appraised, and long-term


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Describes and interprets natural processes, social and economic uses and pressures and environmental quality,


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indicating how they interact. Identifies sustainable management measures appropriate to maximising the positive


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characteristics of the Exe estuary for short to medium timescales.


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Outlines issues of on-going management together with five year objectives and


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appropriate policies to achieve sustainable development of the Exe estuary. Emphasis


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is placed on integration with spatial planning.


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Assesses the increasing likely impacts of flooding of Yarmouth and riparian assets, identifying those at specific risk,


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as the twenty first century progresses. Possible options for future coastal defence are evaluated (based on Atkins


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unpublished Coastal Defence Strategy for the Western Isle of Wight, 2010.) Ongoing research, both local


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: An extended summary of the main report of the same title which presents a long-term ( 30 to 100 years) strategic view


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on the balance of losses and gains of habitats and species of European interest likely to result from sea-level rise


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and the flood and coastal defence response; to develop a response to these changes by informing the strategic


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direction for necessary conservation measures, and make recommendations to Shoreline Management Plans


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to ensure that preferred options address the requirements of the Habitats and Birds Directives. Geomorphological


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changes predicted for the next 30 to 50 years are used to assess the likely impacts on ecological interests,


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and measures to avoid adverse effects- including the development of replacement or compensatory habitat sites


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- are set out. Twelve Habitat Types for each of seven Habitat Units are tabulated for sensitivity to change; magnitude of


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change (loss or gain compared to existing conditions) and overall habitat area change to 2101.


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Specific comments are provided for each Type within each Unit. There is an analysis of individual habitat types for the


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Solent region as a whole, namely: Saltmarsh; Salicornia and Pioneer Species: Intertidal Mud and Sandflats; Saline


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Lagoons; Vegetated Shingle and Coastal Grazing Marsh.


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Rapid sea-level rise in the early Holocene, followed by a decrease in the rate of sea-level recovery from ca 6800 yr. BP


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and a shift from minerogenic to organogenic sedimentation is indicated by corroboratory evidence. A further decline


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in the rate of sea-level rise occurred in the late Holocene, during which time the eastern and central English Channel


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coasts experienced a return to minerogenic sedimentation. Differential crustal movements are implied


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from comparison of site specific evidence, though this needs to be qualified by the effects of sediment


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compaction and spatial variation in tidal ranges.


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and national, into future climate change and sea-level rise will determine what future projects may be needed.


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An assessment of the utility of industry-held data on marine aggregates as a source of information on sea-bed


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characteristics for the nearshore and offshore areas of the coast between St. Catherine’s Point (Isle of Wight) and


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Beachy Head. This area has a 25km width in the west, narrowing to 10 km in the east. Report covers


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collation of data; sea-bed morphology; bed forms; superficial substrate geology and an analysis of a sediment sample.


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The main recommendation is that industry data has value to science, regulators and advisors for assessment and


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An overview of the environmental character and condition of the Solent as measured


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using a set of 'Indicators'. One of these covers Physical Environment and Climate


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Change, another Coastal Risk Management.


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The extent to which coastal steepening has occurred along the varied frontages of England and Wales over the past


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100 years is investigated through the use of a GIS and dataset based on sequential OS maps. Using 1084 profile lines,


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the positions of MHW and MLW were recorded for various dates and their relative movements calculated.


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It is apparent from this analysis that 61% of all intertidal profiles reveal a net tendency towards steepening.


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regional coastal monitoring programme; this has been used to assess the effectiveness of the design tools,


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and where appropriate suggest where modifications are required to either definition of design conditions,


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or improvement of the design tools. A range of design variables and system responses have been assessed


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based on an extensive long term monitoring programme. The significance of each of the following are considered


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within the paper:- Wave climate characteristics, Plan shape beach evolution and longshore transport,


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Cross shore beach response and Geotechnical responses of bed geology.


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a near-prototype scale open-coast tidal beach composed of medium gravel and backed by


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An operational coastal observation system has been developed to aid the in service management of flood defence


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and coastal protection systems in southern England. Improvements to incident management have been made possible


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with the introduction of real time measurement and forecasting systems. Changes to management procedures


refAbstractLine:
have been adopted following analysis of long term records of system performance. Management tools to enable


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the prediction of defence standards of dynamic systems relating to overtopping, breaching and undermining


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since the commencement of the Southeast Strategic Regional Monitoring programme.


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The first beach surveys took place during the winter of 2002 and changes are reported until spring 2004.


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Report summarizes historical aerial photography of Langstone Harbour to identify any change relating to coastal


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This is a review of formal documents (Beach Management Plans) and non-documented practice for over 25


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management sites covering 130km in Southeast England.


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Pagham Harbour has been the subject of a series of detailed geomorphological


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investigations and assessments over recent years. The complex nature of the


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harbour system and the large number of process interacting both within it and along


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the adjacent coastal frontage has meant that in the past managing flood risk has


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been reactive. This project aims to obtain a greater understanding of the


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geomorphology of Pagham Harbour and the adjacent coast to help development
Geomorphology of Pagham Harbour and the adjacent coast to help development


